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Topic: Bladder

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urinary bladder

swim bladder

gall bladder

bladder cancer

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Bladder wrack

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Bladder carcinoma

bladder senna

air bladder

Urinary Bladder Cancer

Bladder Control

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Breast Cancer

	National Cancer Institute - Bladder Cancer Treatment
		Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder.
		When the bladder is emptied during urination, the urine goes from the bladder to the outside of the body through another tube called the urethra.
		Cancer that begins in the transitional cells may spread through the lining of the bladder and invade the muscle wall of the bladder or spread to nearby organs and lymph nodes; this is called invasive bladder cancer.
	www.cancer.gov /cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/bladder/patient (844 words)

	Neurogenic Bladder \| aHealthyAdvantage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Normal bladder function is dependent on the nerves that sense the fullness of the bladder (sensory nerves) and on those that trigger the muscle movements that either empty it or retain urine (motor nerves).
		An overactive neurogenic bladder is characterized by uncontrolled, frequent expulsion of urine from the bladder.
		Neurogenic bladder is diagnosed by carefully recording fluid intake and urinary output and by measuring the quantity of urine remaining in the bladder after voiding (residual urine volume).
	www.ahealthyadvantage.com /topic/topic100587213 (1598 words)

	Urinary bladder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The urinary bladder is normally capable of storing 1.1-1.3 liters of urine, but because it is made up of transitional epithelium it is able to stretch to volumes of even several liters.
		The ureters enter the bladder diagonally from its dorsolateral floor in an area called the trigone.
		The trigone is a triangular shaped area on the postero-inferior wall of the bladder.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urinary_bladder (244 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Bladder cancer
		Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor growth within the bladder.
		Bladder cancers usually arise from the transitional cells of the bladder (the cells lining the bladder).
		Bladder cancers are classified or staged based on their aggressiveness and the degree that they are different from the surrounding bladder tissue.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000486.htm (2155 words)

	Bladder cancer \| AHealthyMe.com
		Bladder cancer is a disease in which the cells lining the urinary bladder lose the ability to regulate their growth and start dividing uncontrollably.
		A change in bladder habits such as painful urination, increased frequency of urination and a feeling of needing to urinate but not being able to do so are some of the signs of possible bladder cancer.
		If a person has had a history of bladder cancer, or has been exposed to cancer-causing chemicals, then he or she is considered to be at an increased risk of getting bladder cancer.
	www.ahealthyme.com /article/gale/100084935 (2244 words)

	Bladder Cancer - Overview, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis - urologychannel
		Urine is produced by the kidneys, carried to the bladder by the ureters, and discharged from the bladder through the urethra.
		Bladder cancer usually originates in the bladder lining, which consists of a mucous layer of surface cells that expand and deflate (transitional epithelial cells), smooth muscle, and a fibrous layer.
		The primary symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine (hematuria).
	www.urologychannel.com /bladdercancer/index.shtml (767 words)

	Bladder Cancer: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder.
		When the bladder is emptied during urination, the urine goes from the bladder to the outside of the body through another tube called the urethra.
		Bladder cancer may be treated with intravesical (into the bladder through a tube inserted into the urethra) chemotherapy.
	www.acor.org /cnet/62705.html (3515 words)

	Health Information - Yale Medical Group
		Bladder cancer occurs when there are abnormal, cancerous cells growing in the bladder.
		Squamous cell carcinoma is cancer that begins in squamous cells - thin, flat cells found in the tissue that form the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
		Samples of the bladder tissue (called a biopsy) may be removed through the cystoscope for examination under a microscope in the laboratory.
	ymghealthinfo.org /content.asp?pageid=P07141 (1971 words)

	Dr. Koop - Neurogenic Bladder- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Neurogenic bladder is impaired bladder function resulting from damage to the nerves that govern the urinary tract.
		Various nerves converge in the area of the bladder and serve to control the muscles of the urinary tract, which includes the sphincter muscles that normally form a tight ring around the urethra to hold urine back until it is voluntarily released.
		Patients suffering from bladder paralysis can be taught to insert a catheter several times a day to drain the bladder completely and so prevent urine retention that may led to bladder stones and infection.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/43/391.html (682 words)

	Bladder Tumor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A bladder tumor is an excess growth of cells that line the inside of the bladder.
		Bladder tumors are the second most frequent tumor of the reproductive and urinary tracts, after prostate tumor.
		Bladder tumors are most likely to develop in white men over the age of 50.
	www.cancer.med.umich.edu /learn/bladtum.htm (797 words)

	Bladder cancer
		Bladder cancer is cancer of the sac that collects and holds urine until it exits your body.
		This extensive operation may be used for invasive bladder cancer or for superficial cancer that affects a large portion of the bladder.
		Bladder cancer usually occurs in men after the years of active reproduction, but some men who have a cystectomy early in life choose to bank their sperm before surgery.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00177.html (4559 words)

	AllRefer.com - swim bladder (Zoology: General) - Encyclopedia
		The swim bladder, or air bladder, is located in the dorsal portion of the body cavity and is filled with gases.
		When gas is added to the swim bladder, by diffusion through the blood vessels in the bladder walls, the fish becomes less dense overall; when gas is removed the fish becomes more dense.
		In most fish the swim bladder has no connection to the digestive tract, but in some, such as the lungfish, there is a connecting tube leading to the pharynx, indicating that the organ may aid in respiration.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/swimblad.html (295 words)

	Neurogenic Bladder
		Or urine that stays too long may lead to an infection in the bladder or ureters, which are the tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder.
		If neurogenic bladder is suspected, the doctor may need to test both the nervous system (including the brain) and the bladder itself.
		If the problem is urinary retention (the bladder does not know when to let go), it may be necessary to use a catheter to empty the bladder at regular times.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/931026329.html (564 words)

	BLADDER INFECTIONS
		The reason girls are more prone to bladder infections than boys is the female urethra is much shorter, therefore the bacteria has less distance to travel into the bladder.
		While it is true an uncircumcised male has a higher chance of bladder infections during the first year of life, this risk goes away after age one.
		For older children who have had several bladder infections and you are very familiar with the symptoms, your doctor may elect to simply treat with antibiotics instead of going through the trouble of checking a urine sample.
	www.askdrsears.com /html/8/T080800.asp (3155 words)

	SCI Pamphlets - Bladder Management: Research
		The bladder is a collapsible sac lying in the pelvis.
		The lower portion of the bladder, which funnels urine into the urethra, is called the bladder neck or bladder outlet.
		The area over the bladder is tapped with the fingertips or the side of the hand, lightly and repeatedly, to stimulate detrusor muscle contractions and voiding.
	depts.washington.edu /rehab/sci/pamp_bladder_manage.html (831 words)

	IC Endo
		Bladder involvement is found in approximately every seventh to eighth case of diagnosed Endometriosis.
		Endometriosis of the bladder may initially present with such a simple sign as painful urination, sometimes being mistaken for a urinary tract infection.
		Other theories include the belief that bacteria may be present in the bladder cells, but remains undetectable through routine cultures; that certain substances in urine may be irritating to IC sufferers; and that the condition, like Endometriosis, may be hereditary.
	www.hcgresources.com /bladder.html (938 words)

	Bladder
		Conditions in which the bladder becomes overactive due to lesions on the nervous system, or due to damage to the nervous system are referred to as neurogenic bladder.
		Results of a study involving 40 adult MS patients with neurogenic bladder and a mean age of approximately 43 years indicated that high doses of extended-release oxybutynin can greatly reduce frequency of urination and incontinence episodes in patients with MS.
		For patients with overactive bladder, Dr. Chancellor located the bladder through a fiber optic scope and injected the bladder with 100 to 300 units of botulinum toxin, which calmed the bladder spasms.
	www.friendswithms.com /bladder.htm (1803 words)

	Bladder
		CT scan or Ultrasound examination of the abdomen and pelvis may establish the extent of the cancer.
		Endoscopic ultrasound is a very sensitive study that should be done to determine the depth of invasion of the cancer into the tissues around bladder, as well as evaluation of the local lymph glands.
		The mechanism action of BCG is rather unclear, but it seems it may have a stimulating effect on the immune cells in the bladder wall and cause indirect damage to the cancerous tissue.
	www.tirgan.com /bladder.htm (1001 words)

	CancerTrack.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urinary tract.
		Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant cells arise in the bladder.
		Bladder tumours are growths originating in the inner lining of the bladder.
	www.cancertrack.com /cgi-bin/search/hyperseek.cgi?search=CAT&Category=Bladder (584 words)

	Bladder Infection Zone Help
		Most Bladder Infections are caused by the bacteria called Escherichia coli that contain tiny projections that glue it to the lining of the urinary tract.
		Bladder infections have long baffled doctors -- and agonized patients -- with their resiliency.
		Once there, the bugs use sticky, hair-like structures called pili to cling to the walls of the urethra and bladder, without this strong adhesion the bacteria can't cling and colonize because the environment is constantly flushed with urine.
	www.bladder-infection-zone.com /how_it_works.html (893 words)

	Bladder Cancer - Cancer information on MedicineNet.com
		The bladder is a hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine.
		Bladder cancer is a fairly common form of cancer in the United States.
		Whites contract bladder cancer twice as often as fls, and men are affected two to three times as often as women.
	www.medicinenet.com /bladder_cancer/article.htm (511 words)

	1. Predisposing Factors/Prevention: BC Cancer Agency
		Bladder cancer occurs more frequently among males than females (in British Columbia by about 3 cases to 1).
		Cigarette smoking is one of the principal causes of bladder cancer and a strong association, with relative risks of 3 fold for long-term smokers, has been observed in a number of studies.
		Workers exposed to 2-naphthylamine and benzidine have a 2-4 fold increased risk of bladder cancer, with risk residing mainly in those with high or prolonged exposure.
	www.bccancer.bc.ca /HPI/CancerManagementGuidelines/Genitourinary/Bladder (281 words)

	National MS Society \| Sourcebook: Bladder Dysfunction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bladder dysfunction occurs when MS lesions block or delay transmission of nerve signals in areas of the central nervous system that control the bladder and urinary sphincter.
		The sphincter is the muscle surrounding the opening of the bladder, which controls the storage and outflow of urine.
		These symptoms may be caused by a "spastic" bladder that is unable to hold the normal amount of urine, or by a bladder that does not empty properly, and thus always retains some urine in it.
	www.nationalmssociety.org /Sourcebook-Bladder.asp (289 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		autonomous bladder, neurogenic bladder due to a lesion in the sacral portion of the spinal cord that interrupts the reflex arc which controls the bladder.
		fasciculated bladder, a bladder ridged on its inner surface due to hypertrophy of the muscular coat.
		uninhibited neurogenic bladder, neurogenic bladder due to a lesion in the region of the upper motor neurons with subtotal interruption of the corticospinal pathways, marked by urgency, frequent involuntary voiding, and small-volume threshold of activity.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_b_14zPzhtm (1975 words)

	Bladder
		This metabolite is cleared from the body in the urine and irritates the lining of the bladder as it is being passed.
		This is done by passing the chemotherapy through a catheter in the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder.
		In this way, the bladder is protected, but the antitumor activity of the chemotherapy drug remains the same.
	patient.cancerconsultants.com /supportive_treatment.aspx?id=23156 (955 words)

	Canine Bladder Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If the flow of urine out of the bladder is blocked, a cystotomy tube (small diameter tube that goes from the bladder through the wall of the abdomen to the outside) can be placed to allow emptying of the bladder.
		The study is a case control study in which pet owners of Scottish terriers with bladder cancer or Scottish terriers without bladder cancer fill in a questionnaire to provide information on their dog.
		In one such trial, people with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder who have failed to respond to standard treatment, are being treated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam, for 6 weeks.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /vcs/Pcop/caninebladdercancer.htm (3206 words)

	Understanding Bladder Cancer
		If the tumour is confined to the bladder wall, it may be possible to remove the tumour and just the section of the bladder involved.
		In men the whole of the bladder, the prostate gland, the lower ends of the ureters and sometimes the urethra is removed.
		It may be possible to empty the bladder normally, but you may have to learn to use a small tube (catheter) to drain the urine several times a day.
	telescan.nki.nl /bladder2.html (3873 words)

	gall bladder on Encyclopedia.com
		When food containing fat reaches the small intestine, the hormone cholecystokinin is produced by cells in the intestinal wall and carried to the gall bladder via the bloodstream.
		A valve, which opens only when food is present in the intestine, allows bile to flow from the common bile duct into the duodenum where it functions in the process of fat digestion.
		They can cause inflammation of the gall bladder, a disorder that produces symptoms similar to those of indigestion, especially after a fatty meal is consumed.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/g1/gallblad.asp (505 words)

	Overactive Bladder: Overview, Causes, & Symptoms - urologychannel
		In people with an overactive bladder (OAB), the layered, smooth muscle that surrounds the bladder (detrusor muscle) contracts spastically, sometimes without a known cause, which results in sustained, high bladder pressure and the urgent need to urinate (called urgency).
		Normally, the detrusor muscle contracts and relaxes in response to the volume of urine in the bladder and the initiation of urination.
		Pressure in the bladder increases and the detrusor muscle remains contracted until the bladder empties.
	www.urologychannel.com /bladdercontrol/index.shtml (312 words)

	Bladder
		Bladder located in part within the abdomen in children, enters pelvis major at age 6, found entirely within pelvis minor after puberty
		Adult bladder rests on rectum and seminal vesicles (males) or cervix and vagina (females); thus cystectomy for tumor may be combined with removal of prostate and seminal vesicles (males) or hysterectomy and partial vaginectomy (females)
		Bladder layers are mucosa (urothelium, lamina propria, discontinuous muscularis mucosa), muscularis propria, adventitia, serosa/peritoneum at dome
	www.pathologyoutlines.com /bladder.html (1804 words)

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