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Topic: Bladder cancer

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	Bladder Cancer
		The bladder is a hollow organ in the lower abdomen (pelvis).
		Bladder cancers are most likely to spread to neighboring organs and lymph nodes prior to spreading through the blood stream to the lungs, liver, bones, or other organs.
		Bladder cancers are classified (staged) by how deeply they invade into the bladder wall, which has several layers.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /bladder_cancer/article_em.htm (940 words)

	Bladder Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bladder cancer is primarily a disease of advanced age.
		Bladder tumors occur primarily in adults in the 6th decade of life and beyond; however, I and with other urologists have seen bladder tumors in individuals in their early 40s.
		Green: Staging of bladder cancer means determining the extent of growth and spread, i.e., is the cancer confined to the inner lining of the bladder or does it extend into the muscle, or has it spread to other tissues or organs, e.g., lungs and liver.
	www.urologyinstitute.com /html/bladder_cancer.html (1545 words)

	Gall bladder cancer : Cancerbackup
		Gall bladder cancer is also slightly more common in people who are born with (congenital) abnormalities of the bile ducts, or people who have a condition called porcelain gall bladder, in which calcium forms in the wall of the gall bladder.
		If gall bladder cancer is found or suspected during this operation, the surgeon changes the operation to an open cholecystectomy (removal of the gall bladder through a larger cut in the abdomen).
		Surgery is the main treatment for gall bladder cancer and may be used to remove all the cancer if it has not spread beyond the area of the gall bladder.
	www.cancerbackup.org.uk /Cancertype/Gallbladder/Gallbladdercancer (2552 words)

	Bladder Cancer Causes, Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatment on MedicineNet.com
		The bladder is a hollow organ in the lower abdomen.
		When cancer spreads (metastasizes) from its original place to another part of the body, the new tumor has the same kind of abnormal cells and the same name as the primary tumor.
		The disease is metastatic bladder cancer, not lung cancer.
	www.medicinenet.com /bladder_cancer/article.htm (691 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Bladder cancer
		Bladder cancers are classified or staged based on their aggressiveness and the degree that they are different from the surrounding bladder tissue.
		Bladder cancers are often treated by immunotherapy, in which a medication causes your own immune system to attack and kill the tumor cells.
		Bladder cancers may spread into the nearby organs or may travel through the pelvic lymph nodes, and metastasize to the liver, lungs, and bones.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000486.htm (2197 words)

	Bladder Cancer - Patient Guide - UrologyChannel
		Urine is produced by the kidneys, carried to the bladder by the ureters, and discharged from the bladder through the urethra.
		Bladder cancer usually originates in the bladder lining, which consists of a mucous layer of surface cells that expand and deflate (transitional epithelial cells), smooth muscle, and a fibrous layer.
		Bladder cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in men and the eighth most common type in women.
	www.urologychannel.com /bladdercancer/index.shtml (303 words)

	Bladder Cancer
		Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder.
		Cancer that is confined to the lining of the bladder is called superficial bladder cancer.
		Cancer that begins in the transitional cells may spread through the lining of the bladder and invade the muscle wall of the bladder or spread to nearby organs and lymph nodes; this is called invasive bladder cancer.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cancer.gov/CDR0000062705.html (3244 words)

	Bladder cancer - Genetics Home Reference
		Bladder cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder.
		A family history of bladder cancer is a risk factor for the disease, although most genetic changes that are associated with bladder cancer develop in bladder tissue during a person's lifetime, rather than being inherited from a parent.
		Bladder cancer is generally not inherited; tumors usually result from genetic mutations that occur in certain bladder cells during a person's lifetime.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /condition=bladdercancer (700 words)

	Bladder Cancer Treatment Center: Medical & Complementary Cancer Therapies
		According to the National Cancer Institute, bladder cancer is diagnosed in 38,000 men and 15,000 women, primarily affecting men and women over the age of 40, each year in the U.S. This is the fourth most common type of cancer in men, and the eighth most common in women.
		The wall of the bladder is lined with cells called transitional cells (these are cells that vary in shape depending on whether the tissue is being stretched--they may be stretched without breaking apart) and squamous cells, which are flat cells that look like fish scales under a microscope.
		For example, if bladder cancer spreads to the lungs, the cancer cells in the lungs are actually bladder cancer cells.
	www.cancercenter.com /bladder-cancer.cfm (903 words)

	Bladder Cancer
		When the bladder is emptied during urination, the urine goes from the bladder to the outside of the body through another tube called the urethra.
		Bladder cancer is a disease in which cancerous cells are found in the bladder.
		The chance of recovery from the disease (prognosis) and the choice of treatment for bladder cancer depend on the stage of the cancer (whether it is just in the lining of the bladder or has spread to other places in the body) and the patient's general state of health.
	www.umm.edu /cancer/overview/bladder-cancer.html (404 words)

	Urinary Bladder Cancer in Dogs - PetPlace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This cancer usually arises from the inside surface of the urinary bladder or urethra and less commonly from the muscular wall of the urinary tract.
		The cause of transitional cell carcinoma is unknown, but carcinogens, or cancer causing chemicals, that are excreted in the urine may cause the cells that line the bladder and urethra to become cancerous.
		Evaluation for cancer of the urinary bladder is warranted if you have an older dog and notice blood in the urine, increased frequency of urination, and straining to urinate that either does not respond to routine treatment with antibiotics or that resolves only to return after stopping antibiotic treatment.
	www.petplace.com /dogs/urinary-bladder-cancer-in-dogs/page1.aspx (939 words)

	Bladder Cancer
		Bladder cancer is an abnormal growth or tumor arising from the lining of the bladder.
		Smoking is a well known risk factor in causing bladder cancer because the carcinogens in cigarette smoke pass from the lungs into the blood stream, and are concentrated by the kidneys into the urine.
		The pathology results from the transurethral resection of the bladder tumor may reveal that the tumor is either high grade (fast growing) or that its stage is "invasive." In this situation, the tumor is considerably more dangerous and potentially life threatening because it has the biological potential to spread to other areas of the body.
	www.med.wayne.edu /urology/DISEASES/bladdercancer.html (1430 words)

	Bladder cancer
		Bladder cancer is often staged using the numbers 0 to IV.
		Bladder cancer usually occurs in men after the years of active reproduction, but some men who have a cystectomy early in life choose to bank their sperm before surgery.
		Standard therapies for bladder cancer may not always be effective, or you may not be able to tolerate the side effects.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00177.html (4541 words)

	Bladder cancer - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bladder cancer typically begins in the lining of your bladder, the balloon-shaped organ in your pelvic area that stores urine.
		Most people who develop bladder cancer are older adults — more than 90 percent of cases occur in people older than 55, and 50 percent of cases occur in people older than 73.
		But if your bladder cancer is detected early — before it has spread beyond the lining of your bladder — you have a better chance of successful treatment with minimal side effects.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/bladder-cancer/DS00177 (241 words)

	Bladder Cancer: Treatment options at Mayo Clinic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States.
		Cancer that is limited to the inner lining of the bladder is called superficial or "in situ" cancer, and is the easiest form of bladder cancer to treat.
		About 75 percent of all bladder cancers are detected at this early stage, and the survival rate is greater than 90 percent.
	www.mayoclinic.org /bladder-cancer/index.html (378 words)

	eMedicine - Bladder Cancer : Article by Gary David Steinberg, MD
		Bladder cancer is often described as a polyclonal field change defect with frequent recurrences due to a heightened potential for malignant transformation.
		Primary bladder lymphomas arise in the submucosa of the bladder and are treated with radiation therapy.
		Bladder cancer is associated with increased expression of the epidermal growth factor gene and the erb-b2 oncogene, and mutations of the oncogenes p21 ras, c-myc, and c-jun.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2344.htm (5721 words)

	Bladder Cancer
		The major prognostic factors in carcinoma of the bladder are the depth of invasion into the bladder wall and the degree of differentiation of the tumor.
		The clinical staging of carcinoma of the bladder is determined by the depth of invasion of the bladder wall by the tumor.
		Radical cystectomy includes removal of the bladder, perivesical tissues, prostate, and seminal vesicles in men and the uterus, tubes, ovaries, anterior vaginal wall, and urethra in women and may or may not be accompanied by pelvic lymph node dissection.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cancer.gov/CDR0000062908.html (8870 words)

	Sloan-Kettering - Bladder Cancer
		The most significant risk factor for bladder cancer is cigarette smoking, which can double the risk of developing the disease when compared to nonsmokers.
		The most common symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine, which is usually painless, and is not always visible to the naked eye.
		Bladder cancer is most often diagnosed by examining cells in the urine under a microscope and by inspecting the bladder with a cystoscope.
	www.mskcc.org /mskcc/html/280.cfm (331 words)

	Bladder Cancer Webcafe - Treatments for bladder cancer, support and more
		The goal of this bladder cancer specific website is to help you find answers, relieve some of the fear, reinforce hope and to help you or your loved one find the best path on a difficult journey.
		Bladder cancer has been considered a disease of mostly elderly men and occurs in men 3 times more often than in women.
		These numbers tell us that bladder cancer in not just a man's disease, nor is it just for the elderly.
	blcwebcafe.org (523 words)

	What You Need To Know About Bladder Cancer - National Cancer Institute
		Each year in the United States, bladder cancer is diagnosed in 38,000 men and 15,000 women.
		This is the fourth most common type of cancer in men and the eighth most common in women.
		Definitions of these and other terms related to cancer can be found in the Dictionary.
	www.cancer.gov /cancerinfo/wyntk/bladder (213 words)

	JAMA -- Bladder Cancer, February 16, 2005, Torpy et al. 293 (7): 890
		Smoking also increases the death rate from bladder cancer.
		Diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer is usually done by
		bladder cancer that has been resistant to standard treatment.
	jama.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/full/293/7/890 (364 words)

	MedlinePlus: Bladder Cancer
		Bladder Cancer - Anatomical Drawings (American Urological Association)
		Cancer Stat Facts: Cancer of the Urinary Bladder (National Cancer Institute)
		The primary NIH organization for research on Bladder Cancer is the National Cancer Institute
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/bladdercancer.html (256 words)

	CancerNetwork:
		Bladder Cancer Agent Fails to Pass Muster With ODAC
		BCG May Be Superior to Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer
		Efficacy of BCG Maintenance in Bladder Cancer is Confirmed
	www.cancernetwork.com /contents/bladder.htm (306 words)

	M. D. Anderson Cancer Center - Bladder Cancer - Bladder Cancer Treatment, Bladder Tumors, Bladder Cancer Symptoms, ...
		Learn about our open bladder cancer clinical trials by searching our online database.
		If I was going to lose my bladder to cancer surgery, I was going to do it better and look better than anyone else."
		These chemicals damage the cells that line the inside of the bladder and increase the risk of cancer.
	www.mdanderson.org /diseases/bladder (219 words)

	Bladder Cancer Treatment Information -- Siteman Cancer Center St. Louis Missouri
		Read about bladder cancer in general, including information about treatment and staging.
		Find information about bladder cancer clinical trials being conducted at the Siteman Cancer Center.
		Read general information about the physical and emotional effects of cancer and conditions related to cancer treatment.
	www.siteman.wustl.edu /internal.aspx?id=649 (93 words)

	Bladder Cancer Home Page - National Cancer Institute
		Managing side effects and complications caused by cancer and its treatment.
		Healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies used in addition to, or instead of, conventional cancer treatments.
		Validation Study of Test to Detect Bladder Cancer
	www.cancer.gov /cancer_information/cancer_type/bladder (169 words)

	Bladder Cancer
		Practical tips to help prevent and cope with side effects from treatment for bladder cancer
		Understand what to expect during tests, how this cancer spreads, and about your prognosis.
		Learn how to tell people you have cancer, stay emotionally and physically healthy, cope with changes in treatment, and plan for your future.
	www.cancersource.com /DiagnosisAndTreatment/BladderCancer (101 words)

	Bladder Cancer
		NOAH > Cancer > Types of Cancer > Bladder Cancer
		DISCLAIMER: NOAH is an information guide only and cannot answer personal health-related or research questions.
		All medical information needs to be carefully reviewed with your health care provider.
	www.noah-health.org /en/cancer/types/bladder (68 words)

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