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Topic: Bladder carcinoma

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	eMedicine - Bladder Cancer : Article by Gary David Steinberg, MD
		Bladder cancer is often described as a polyclonal field change defect with frequent recurrences due to a heightened potential for malignant transformation.
		Primary bladder lymphomas arise in the submucosa of the bladder and are treated with radiation therapy.
		Bladder cancer is associated with increased expression of the epidermal growth factor gene and the erb-b2 oncogene, and mutations of the oncogenes p21 ras, c-myc, and c-jun.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2344.htm (5721 words)

	eMedicine - Urachal Carcinoma : Article Excerpt by: Robert L Cirillo, Jr, MD, MBA
		Commonly, urachal carcinoma arises in the dome of the urinary bladder at the vesicourachal junction.
		Approximately 70% of urachal carcinomas are mucin-producing adenocarcinomas, and 15% are non—mucin-producing adenocarcinomas.
		This band extends from the bladder dome to the umbilicus; in the fetus, it is contiguous with the allantois.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/byname/urachal-carcinoma.htm (483 words)

	Bladder Carcinoma
		Whether such neoplasms 1) arise from mullerian elements in the bladder and are histogenetically identical to the female genital tract cancer, 2) are a peculiar variant of vesical adenocarcinoma of nonmullerian derivation, or 3) represent a peculiar morphologic expression of transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma with gland differentiation is often uncertain.
		Twelve carcinomas of the urinary bladder with a prominent component of spindle-shaped cells (sarcomatoid carcinomas) that arose in patients from 60 to 83 (average, 71.5 years) years of age are reported.
		Expression of c-erbB-2 and cytokeratins 7 and 20 in urothelial carcinoma with gland-like lumina.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/bladder_ca.htm (11991 words)

	Bladder Cancer File: Latest Research
		The bladder as a confined compartment, in which high local concentrations of the immunotherapy agent and effective recruitment of immune cells can be achieved, serves as an ideal target organ for this type of immunotherapy approach.
		Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary tumour and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
		Phase II studies are needed to assess the antitumor activity of suramin in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
	ssl.adgrafix.com /users/lifestag/bladdercancer/latest.html (16991 words)

	What Is Bladder Cancer
		Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder.
		When the bladder is emptied during urination, the urine goes from the bladder to the outside of the body through another tube called the urethra.
		After bladder cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the bladder or to other parts of the body.
	cancer.uchc.edu /patients_families/treatment_types/bladder (2710 words)

	Bladder Cancer: Free Medical and Health Information on Bladder Cancer Research and Treatment
		Radiation therapy has a multifaceted role in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, from being a component of bladder sparing regimens to adjuvant therapy for patients after partial cystectomy, to palliative treatment in patients with metastatic disease.
		Given the lethality of recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, perioperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy should be considered a standard of care.
		Bladder preservation is also discussed, as is chemotherapy for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer.
	www.lifestages.com /health/bladderc.html (2206 words)

	Bladder Cancer Risk Factors, Prevalence and Types
		Thanks in large part to its good long term survival rates, bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, surpassing lung cancer survivors in number, as well as one of the most expensive cancers for the health industry.
		Bladder cancer is one of the most preventable cancers; Smoking is the greatest risk factor for bladder cancer, with smokers experiencing twice the risk of nonsmokers for developing the disease.
		Because bladder cancer most often occurs in people over age 60, a major determinant of the future cancer burden is the aging of baby-boomers and increasing size of the U.S. population.
	blcwebcafe.org /blcatypes.asp (976 words)

	Bladder Cancer
		Bladder cancer is an abnormal growth or tumor arising from the lining of the bladder.
		Smoking is a well known risk factor in causing bladder cancer because the carcinogens in cigarette smoke pass from the lungs into the blood stream, and are concentrated by the kidneys into the urine.
		The pathology results from the transurethral resection of the bladder tumor may reveal that the tumor is either high grade (fast growing) or that its stage is "invasive." In this situation, the tumor is considerably more dangerous and potentially life threatening because it has the biological potential to spread to other areas of the body.
	www.med.wayne.edu /urology/DISEASES/bladdercancer.html (1430 words)

	Sloan-Kettering - Bladder Cancer
		Of the three main types of bladder cancers, the most common is transitional cell carcinoma.
		The most common symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine, which is usually painless, and is not always visible to the naked eye.
		Bladder cancer is most often diagnosed by examining cells in the urine under a microscope and by inspecting the bladder with a cystoscope.
	www.mskcc.org /document/WICBLAD.htm (261 words)

	Federation of bladder cancer Patients - FbcP :: A global organization for patients with bladder cancer and support ...
		The bladder is a concave-organ, in which the urine transports from the kidney over the ureters and is stored until the secretion.
		The additional examination is the reflection of the bladder (cystoscopy), that is performed in an urological clinic or with the urologist.
		As soon as a deeply infiltrating carcinoma is diagnosed, the likelihood of a lymph node-affection is between 10 and 20 per cent even if this cannot be diagnosed with the MRT or CT. As soon as adjacent organs are concerned, it even is up to 45 per cent; therefore almost half of all patients.
	www.bladder-cancer.net /index.php?&catid=6&newlang=nld (6860 words)

	CytoJournal \| Full text \| Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder with coexisting high-grade ...
		Among neuroendocrine tumors of the urinary bladder, small cell carcinomas are most common with more than 100 cases having been described [2-4]; carcinoid tumors are much less common; and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are very rare with only 3 cases reported [5].
		Immunohistochemical stains were performed and the tumor cells of the small cell carcinoma component were positive selectively for synaptophysin (Figure 9) and chromogranin, whereas, the high-grade urothelial carcinoma stained selectively for CK7, and CK20.
		Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the bladder usually are at an advanced stage at presentation.
	www.cytojournal.com /content/2/1/18 (1441 words)

	Bladder Cancer Review
		When bladder cancer is found and treated early, the chances of survival are very good, with an approximate 95% five-year survival rate for early bladder cancer.
		Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking (causes one-third of bladder cancers), occupational exposure to carcinogens, age, race (Caucasians are at highest risk), age, chronic bladder problems and a history of bladder cancer.
		Only 5 to 8% of cases are squamous cell carcinomas that are likely to invade deeper layers, and only 2% are adenocarcinomas, which are very likely to invade deeper layers.
	www.cancergroup.com /em5.html (387 words)

	Bladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- Wong et al. 24 (3): 855 -- RadioGraphics
		from a tumor that arises from the bladder.
		Imaging in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of cancer of the urinary bladder.
		From the Archives of the AFIP: Neoplasms of the Urinary Bladder: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/24/3/855 (2322 words)

	Superficial Bladder Cancer
		Carcinoma in situ is considered a high risk form of bladder cancer with a widely variable outcome.
		Carcinoma in situ is a high-grade and aggressive manifestation of TCC that has a highly variable course.
		Whereas superficial bladder cancer has the appearance of a solid or papillary tumor, in carcinoma in situ, the involved mucosa is reddish and velvety to granular.
	blcwebcafe.org /superficialblca.asp (3285 words)

	Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
		Carcinoma of the bladder epithelium is the most common tumor of the genitourinary tract, with transitional cell carcinoma accounting for 90% of all bladder malignancies.
		Bladder carcinoma peaks in the seventh decade; males predominate by 3:1.
		Adenocarcinoma (2% of all epithelial bladder tumors) is the most common tumor found in the dome of the bladder in the region of the urachal remnant.
	brighamrad.harvard.edu /Cases/bwh/hcache/79/full.html (565 words)

	Carcinoma in Situ of the Penis in a 76-Year-Old Circumcised Man
		Significant past medical history included nonrecurrent bladder carcinoma, left hemicolectomy in 1964 for colon adenocarcinoma, excision of a rectal tubovillous adenoma in 1994, benign prostatic hypertrophy status post-transuretharl resection of prostate, prostatourethritis in 1965, and hepatitis A with jaundice in 1942.
		In a Danish study, men with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the penis were 7.81 times as likely to have been circumcised after the newborn period as the general population.
		Carcinoma in situ of the penis in a 76-year-old circumcised man. J Fam Pract 1997; 44:407-410.
	www.cirp.org /library/disease/cancer/vanhowe (1914 words)

	AllRefer Health - Bladder Cancer (Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bladder cancers usually arise from the transitional cells of the bladder (the cells lining the bladder).
		Chronic (long term) bladder infection or irritation may lead to the development of squamous cell bladder cancer, however, this cancer is very slow growing.
		Bladder cancers are classified or staged based on their aggressiveness and the degree that they are different from the surrounding bladder tissue (differentiation).
	health.allrefer.com /health/bladder-cancer-info.html (696 words)

	Bladder Cancer Treatment - National Cancer Institute
		Information on bladder cancer in children is available in the PDQ summary on Unusual Cancers of Childhood.
		The major prognostic factors in carcinoma of the bladder are the depth of invasion into the bladder wall and the degree of differentiation of the tumor.
		Invasive tumors that are confined to the bladder muscle on pathologic staging after radical cystectomy are associated with approximately a 75% 5-year progression-free survival rate.
	www.cancer.gov /cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/bladder/healthprofessional (624 words)

	Amazon.com: "superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Adjuvant chemotherapy of superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma: long term results of an European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized trial comparing doxontbicin, ethoglucid and transurethral...
		Superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma (200) Metastatic breast cancer (12-25) Localized prostate cancer (60-70) Ketorolac rinse, 3 mo IIB 1998-2001 Celecoxib,...
		Bladder Cancer Sourcebook -- "The Official Patient's Sourcebook" on Bladder cancer.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/superficial-transitional-cell-bladder-carcinoma (333 words)

	Tumors blad5001
		Bladder cancer : gross pathology : the bladder wall is massively infiltered by an ulcerated and hemorragic tumor.
		Patients with superficial bladder cancer (pTa and pTis) are frequently evaluated by cystoscopy to allow early detection of a possible recurrence and to prevent disease progression to invasive, potentially lethal, bladder cancer.
		Urinary bladder transitional cell carcinogenesis is associated with down-regulation of NF1 tumor suppressor gene in vivo and in vitro.
	www.infobiogen.fr /services/chromcancer/Tumors/blad5001.html (3856 words)

	Renal Pathology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This bladder was removed surgically from a male who had a long history of smoking.
		The opened bladder reveals masses of a neoplasm that histologically proved to be urothelial carcinoma (previously known as a transitional cell carcinoma).
		Urothelial carcinoma can arise anywhere in the urothelium lining the urinary tract from the urethra to the calyces, but is most common in bladder.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /WebPath/RENAHTML/BLAD060.html (84 words)

	Amazon.com: "recurrent superficial bladder cancer": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		malignant pleural effusions and ascites, in malignant (as opposed to benign) ovarian cysts,80,81 and in the urine of primary or recurrent superficial bladder cancer patients, where its sensitivity and specificity have been claimed to be superior to urinary cytology.
		Bladder Cancer -- Introduction to bladder cancer therapies, including neobladder construction, from New York-Presbyterian Hospital Cancer Centers.
		Bladder Cancer Info, Treatment Options -- Bladder Cancer information and cutting-edge treatment options.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/recurrent-superficial-bladder-cancer (351 words)

	Superficial Bladder Cancer Therapy
		Bladder cancer treatment remains a challenge despite significant improvements in preventing disease progression and improving survival.
		Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer among men and the eighth most common cancer among women.
		Bladder biopsies following BCG administration show increased expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Dr antigen on tumor cells and infiltration of tumor and stroma with lymphocytes, predominantly T helper cells, and macrophages.
	www.duj.com /Article/Schenkman.html (6457 words)

	Inhibition of Bladder Carcinoma Angiogenesis, Stromal Support, and Tumor Growth by Halofuginone -- Elkin et al. 59 ...
		H19 is regarded as an early marker of bladder carcinoma.
		invasion in vitro and lung colonization by bladder carcinoma
		Note the well established full-thickness invasive bladder carcinoma induced by BBN in mice that did not receive halofuginone (c, left), as compared with the nearly normal appearance of bladder from halofuginone-treated mice (c, right).
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/16/4111 (5294 words)

	News - False-Positive Urine Test Results For Bladder Carcinoma Do Not Predict Recurrence Or Progression Rates
		False-positive findings on non-invasive urine tests for bladder carcinoma do not predict recurrence of progression rates in patients with a history of bladder cancer or who had negative pathological findings following transurethral resection.
		Of these patients, 51 had a history of bladder cancer, and 10 underwent transurethral resection for the suspicion of bladder cancer but had negative pathological findings.
		The investigators tested the urine samples using non-invasive urine tests for the detection of bladder carcinoma (immunocytology on bladder washings as well as BTAstat and NMP22) in order to determine whether false-positive versus true-negative results correlated with outcomes in terms of recurrence or progression.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256CC5005CFDCB (534 words)

	Cancer Control Journal: Systemic Therapy for Invasive Bladder Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies in Western society.
		Methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium: efficacy and patterns of response and relapse.
		Neo-adjuvant (preemptive) cisplatin therapy in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
	www.moffitt.usf.edu /pubs/ccj/v3n6/a2.html (2364 words)

	MedlinePlus: Enzyme measure helps detect bladder cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The incidence of human bladder cancer has greatly increased, with more than 60,000 new cases diagnosed annually in just the United States, and now represents the 4th most common malignancy in men and the 10th most common in women.
		At present, about 20 percent of patients die each year, but when the disease is diagnosed and treated in its early stage, the chances of survival are good.
		Scientists said established approaches for detecting bladder cancer are either invasive or costly, or have limited sensitivity, highlighting the need for the development of a non-invasive, reliable test.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/news/fullstory_27672.html (212 words)

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