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Topic: Blanket bog

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	Ireland's Peat Bogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Blanket bogs are found wherever there is high rainfall, which is typically in western Ireland and also in mountainous areas.
		They are called blanket bogs because of their appearance - from a distance they appear homogeneous and they hug the topography like a blanket.
		However, the turf from blanket bogs is not as good quality as that from raised bogs, and thus blanket bogs have escaped the wholesale destruction inflicted on the latter.
	www.wesleyjohnston.com /users/ireland/geography/bogs.html (1669 words)

	GORP - Outdoor Ireland - Wild Boglands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		On the western blanket bogs, in particular, the tawny grasses and bog-cotton of the turf shimmer in the Atlantic wind, lifting the eye to wide horizons and arching rainbows.
		The raised bogs of the midlands and the blanket bogs of the west and the mountains have different structures and surfaces.
		The raised bogs are made of the dead parts of sphagnum moss, while the blanket bog consists of the remains of grasses and sedges.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/location/europe/ireland/bog_ire.html (1650 words)

	Blanket Bog (University of Paisley: Biodiversity Reference) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Elsewhere, blanket bog seems often to be persisting in regions where rainfall is lower than when the bogs were first initiated, which has important implications for their potential recovery from damage and for their conservation.
		Blanket bog is continuous over extensive areas, masking the underlying topography and also cutting the surface vegetation off from minerals in the underlying soil or bedrock.
		In general, however, blanket bogs have a surface pH of around 3.8-4.0 and they are a hostile environment for all but a few species which are acid tolerant and able to conserve such minerals as they can acquire.
	www.cce.paisley.ac.uk /bioref/Habitats/BlanketBog.html (3552 words)

	Bord na Mona Group - Conservation and Afteruse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Blanket bogs occur in cool wet climates, with annual rainfall of over 1250mm and where rain falls on more than 250 days each year.
		Blanket bogs are much younger than Midland raised bogs and the history of their development is distinctly different.
		Blanket bogs do not have the same diversity of bird life as do other habitats such as woodland, but they are home to a number of species which depend on these bogs for their survival.
	www.bnm.ie /group/conservation_and_afteruse/conservationinaction/sheskin.htm (649 words)

	IPCC information sheets - What bogs have been conserved
		Overgrazing has led to erosion and habitat loss of 7% of the area of blanket bog in the last ten years and a further 7% is threatened by this activity.
		Although 2% of the midland raised bogs have been afforested, large scale afforestation schemes have had the greatest impact in the blanket bog areas with planting on 27% of the area of blanket bogs.
		Although the Wildlife Service indicated that 500,000ha of blanket bog remained with a potential conservation value (out of an original 774,990ha of blanket bog in Ireland), the completed NHA surveys have found that only 143,248ha is of European conservation importance indicating a loss of 82% of blanket bog habitat in Ireland.
	www.ipcc.ie /bogsconserved.html (1409 words)

	Blanket bog - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Active blanket bog is a globally rare habitat for which the UK holds an international responsibility.
		Blanket bog has its 'type' location in the UK and is recognised as a priority habitat for nature conservation action under European law (EC Habitats Directive) and a number of world-wide environmental conventions (Bern Convention, Ramsar Convention).
		Blanket bog requires specific climatic conditions - persistently wet and cool in order to allow the growth of Sphagnum mosses, the driving force behind peat formation.
	www.rspb.org.uk /biodiversity/UKBAP/priority_habitats/blanket_bog.asp (416 words)

	Landscapes - Ballynahone Bog
		Blanket bog - these tend to be found in the wetter parts of Ireland and form directly onto the soil or bedrock.
		Blanket bogs cover about 750,000 hectares of Ireland, much of it on uplands and mountain ranges, where rainfall exceeds 1,250 mm per year.
		While both types of bog together make up 12% of the land area of Northern Ireland (about 170,000 hectares), there are only 25,000 hectares of lowland raised bog and much of this has been damaged by reclamation for agriculture and by turf extraction.
	www.geographyinaction.co.uk /Landscapes/Landscapes_bog.html (697 words)

	Peatlands \| Formation \| Northern Ireland peatlands
		The largest areas of raised bog are in the lowland corridor extending from the Lough Neagh Basin north along the Bann Valley in the east.
		In the first half of the 20th century a large proportion of raised bogs were lost due to hand-cutting for fuel, and this has become increasingly mechanised during the second half of the century.
		Blanket bogs have been used as a source of fuel and for rough grazing in Ireland for centuries, with organised reclamation of accessible areas of blanket bogs starting in the early 19th century.
	www.peatlandsni.gov.uk /formation/nipeatlnds.htm (667 words)

	The Life Peatlands Project 2001-2005 - Restoring Active Blanket Bog of European Importance in North Scotland - Blanket ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Blanket bog is a globally rare habitat and the UK has an international responsibility to safeguard this special habitat.
		Blanket bog is also recognised as a priority habitat for nature conservation action under EC Habitats Directive and large areas (143,539 hectares have been put forward as candidate Special Area of Conservation.
		Blanket bog is restricted to a few parts of the world.
	www.lifepeatlandsproject.com /htm/peatlands/blanket.asp (1035 words)

	HESS - Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A multinomial logit (MNL) model of the probability of bog occurrence was constructed in terms of relevant topographic characteristics.
		The resulting model was then used to investigate the probabilistic boundary conditions of bog occurrence within the landscape.
		However, steeper slopes could, theoretically, be occupied by blanked bog where water is concentrated by convergent curvatures or large contributing areas.
	www.copernicus.org /EGU/hess/hs3/3-223.htm (207 words)

	Press release
		The original extent of blanket bog on a global scale was in the region of 10 million hectares (ha).
		Within the European Union, Ireland and the UK have a unique obligation to protect active blanket bogs because of the occurrence of 8% of the original world distribution of this habitat in the Republic of Ireland and 16% of the original world distribution of the habitat in the UK (Scotland, England, Wales and N. Ireland).
		Blanket bogs undergo a range of deleterious effects from grazing and trampling by excessive sheep stocking, peat extraction, afforestation, and agricultural reclamation.
	www.ipcc.ie /prbbsac.html (460 words)

	Irish Wetlands Geology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bogs are acidic with a pH of 3.2 to 4.2.
		Blanket bogs are categorized into Atlantic and Mountain blanket bogs depending on the altitude at which they are found.
		In the western portion of the island the blanket bog covers the still discernable stumps of pine trees that once occupied the area, as well as farmland that was under cultivation in the Neolithic era.
	www.uvm.edu /~ppare/Irish_Wetlands_Formation.html (1006 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Distribution of bog and heath in a Newfoundland blanket bog complex: topographic limits on the hydrological processes governing blanket bog development
		This research quantified the role of topography and hydrological processes within and, hence, the development of, blanket bogs.
		Topographic characteristics were derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) developed for the surface and underlying substrate at three blanket bog sites on the southeastern lobe of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland.
	www.copernicus.org /EGS/hess/hs3/3-223.htm (189 words)

	Forestry Commission - Wild Woods - Upland Bog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Upland bogs are also known as peat bogs (peatlands, mires, peat moss or peat flows).
		Blanket bog accumulates because of the very slow rate at which plant material decomposes in areas that are waterlogged.
		Upland blanket bogs, like lowland raised bogs, are now protected through their designation as Special Areas for Conservation.
	forestry.gov.uk /website/oldsite.nsf/byunique/Uplandbog?Open&... (542 words)

	Millions of Trees to Be Sacrificed for Rare Scottish Bog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The blanket bog is home to many declining species including tiny insect-devouring sundew plants, primitive liverworts, and rare bog orchids, as well as many endangered insects and birds, said Russell.
		Blanket bog is also found in Argentina's Tierra del Fuego, New Zealand's South Island, and across the world at similar latitudes.
		"The Scottish blanket bogs are widely regarded as the [model example] for a habitat that is internationally rare," she said.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2003/02/0207_030207_scotbog_2.html (724 words)

	Action plan for Blanket bog
		The term blanket 'bog' strictly applies only to that portion of a blanket 'mire' which is exclusively rain-fed. However, for the purposes of this plan the terms 'bog' and 'mire' will be regarded as more or less synonymous.
		Studies of the invertebrate fauna of blanket bogs are extremely patchy and merit collation and synthesis.
		Blanket bogs also fulfil an important role as repositories of archaeological and palaeoecological material and have functional values as agricultural rough grazing, sporting estate and water catchments.
	www.ukbap.org.uk /UKPlans.aspx?ID=21 (4284 words)

	Blanket Bog LBAP - Exmoor
		Blanket bog is a globally rare habitat, for which Britain has international responsibilities.
		Though insignificant in comparison to the large areas that occur in Scotland, northern England and Wales, Exmoor’s blanket bogs are still of much interest by virtue of their occurrence at the southern range limit of the habitat.
		Seek to ensure all areas of high quality and degraded blanket bog are identified as non-burning areas in ELMS (ongoing).
	www.swbiodiversity.org.uk /Habitats/Blanket_bog/Blanket_bog_exmr.htm (508 words)

	IPCC information sheets - Blanket Bogs
		Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic or rain fed, and as a result their pH lies between 3.5 and 4.2.
		Today in the west of Ireland the blanket bog rests directly on the stumps of Scot's Pine trees that were once part of extensive woodlands in the area and also covers large areas of land that were cultivated by farmers, 5,000 years ago.
		From the air blanket bog surfaces are highly patterned because of the presence of a variety of habitats in the peatland including flat and sloped areas, flushed fens, swallow holes, pools, lakes, hummocks and ridges.
	www.ipcc.ie /infoblanketbogfs.html (2444 words)

	Abstract 40(1-2), no. 69 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The fields, enclosed by an integrated system of stone walls, have been preserved intact by a cover of blanket bog that is >4 m deep in places.
		The pine roots in most cases are either on the surface of the mineral soil under the peat or at an intermediate level in the peat itself.
		The age of the trees in the bog overlying Céide Fields is therefore of great significance for the dating of the fields, as the trees must be younger than the bog in which they are growing, which in turn must be younger than the field system beneath it.
	www.radiocarbon.org /Journal/v40n1-2/Abstracts/69.html (283 words)

	Ecology of Fire on Blanket Bog in North West Scotland
		Blanket bog is of high conservation value, but of poor agricultural quality.
		Along with wet heath, it is used as extensive grazing for sheep and deer and, over these large unfenced areas, fire is one of the few viable management options available to estate managers and crofters.
		The considerations for and against burning blanket bog are reviewed, and recommendations for management of prescribed burning given.
	www.geos.ed.ac.uk /abs/research/plants/alistairhamilton.html (708 words)

	Ardmore Guesthouse, Bed & Breakfast, Kinnitty, Birr, Co. Offaly, Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Today peat in the Slieve Blooms blanket bogs reaches depths of up to 2m in parts and incorporates the stumps of pine trees that were once part of the woodlands of the area.
		Many of our mountain blanket bogs are seriously damaged by erosion, overgrazing and peat cutting which are accelerating the decline in the extent of this bog type.
		The Slieve Blooms is one of the least grazed and burned blanket bog areas in the country and the vegitation growth is luxuriant as a result.
	www.kinnitty.net /mountains/bog.htm (390 words)

	Peatland refs
		Doyle, G.J. McNally, A. and O'Connell, C.A. Subfossil pinewoodlands on Irish raised bogs.
		Doyle, G.J. The effect of sheep grazing and tourism on lowland blanket bog in the west of Ireland.
		Doyle, G.J. Effects of grazing by Kerry Cattle on the vegetation and soil nutrients of a Molinia-dominated blanket bog in Killarney, County Kerry.
	www.ucd.ie /botany/doyle/Peatlandrefs.html (795 words)

	More about windmills and blanket bogs
		Besides being windy places, blanket bogs represent systems of high natural value and are listed as priority habitat under the EU Natura 2000 directives.
		Zalama blanket bog is located at the Easternmost end of the Cantabrian Range in Northern Spain (on the limits of the Basque Country with Burgos and Cantabria provinces) and this site constitutes the distributional limits of this type of habitat both to the East (in Spain) and South (in Europe).
		Besides the Zalama blanket bog, there are interesting “para-peaty habitats” or mire-like systems in the nearby site of Salduero, where typical mire plants thrive.
	www.imcg.net /imcgnl/nl0105/Kap10.htm (1242 words)

	IPCC information sheets - Raised Bogs
		The nutrient-demanding fen plants were replaced by bog mosses and plants which could survive on the few nutrients which were present in rainfall.
		At current rates of exploitation it has been estimated that all unprotected raised bogs and blanket bogs will be extinct early in the new century.
		The area of blanket bog protected is 35,397ha or 88% of the official blanket bog target.
	www.ipcc.ie /inforaisedbogfs.html (1885 words)

	:: Environment and Heritage Service - Natural Heritage :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Blanket bog is a globally restricted biotope for which is largely restricted the UK and Ireland within Europe.
		Bog vegetation is characterised by Sphagnum mosses notably Sphagnum imbricatum and Sphagnum fuscum.
		Vegetation on deeper waterlogged peat is characterised by the prominence of Cross-leaved heath Erica tetralix, Bog Asphodel Narthecium ossifragum and Cotton-grass Eriophorum angustifolium.
	www.ehsni.gov.uk /natural/designated/ramsar/ramsar_garron.shtml (572 words)

	County Clare Heritage: Site Brief
		Lowland blanket bog located 2 km south of Doo Lough and 11 km south-east of Quilty village in the townlands of Cahermurphy, Glenmore, and Doolough in west Co. Clare.
		Blanket bog with heath, scrub and woodland habitats.
		Upland blanket bog with a diverse range of species present including bog vegetation, bird species and a range of flora and fauna.
	www.clarelibrary.ie /eolas/coclare/heritage/site_brief.htm (2932 words)

	Coillte receives EU Funding to restore 14 blanket bog habitats. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The project 'Restoring Active Blanket Bog in Ireland' is focused on the restoration/conservation of over 1,200 hectares of blanket bog mainly along the western seaboard.
		In the past, the blanket boglands of Ireland were extensively afforested, with unfenced open areas often heavily overgrazed.
		Bog restoration techniques on afforested peatland pioneered in the LIFE funded "The Border Mires Active Blanket Bog Rehabilitation Project" (UK) will be developed on in this project.
	www.coillte.ie /publications/news8.htm (584 words)

	ABSTRACT: The importance of topographic factors on the distribution of bog and heath in a Newfoundland blanket bog ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		ABSTRACT: The importance of topographic factors on the distribution of bog and heath in a Newfoundland blanket bog complex.
		It is commonly assumed that the development of blanket bogs is governed more by climatic factors than by topography, but no quantitative studies have been undertaken.
		The primary aim of this research was to quantitatively assess the extent and nature of the topographic influence of both the surface and the underlying substrate on the distribution of bog and heath communities within a blanket bog complex.
	cgrg.geog.uvic.ca /abstracts/GranieroTheIt1999.html (251 words)

	Irish Peatlands
		Blanket Bogs, which consist of a carpet of peat extending over large areas of land.
		The blanket bogs which characterise the renowned scenery of the west of Ireland are also increasingly under threat.
		Although this leaves almost 500,000ha potentially suitable for conservation, ongoing surveys by the Wildlife Service to locate blanket bogs of conservation importance indicate that large areas of this are damaged by over-grazing and repeated burning.
	www.enfo.ie /leaflets/fs6.htm (1685 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - blanket bog
		Peatland, also mire, ecosystem in which organic matter is produced faster than it is decomposed, resulting in the accumulation of partially...
		Pimpernel, common name for about 20 mostly creeping but also erect herb species of the primrose family, and found nearly worldwide.
		Bog : plants and animals: sphagnum moss (picture)
	encarta.msn.com /blanket%2bbog.html (112 words)

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