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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Blasphemy
		blasphemy is set down as a word, for ordinarily it is expressed in speech, though it may be committed in thought or in act.
		Blasphemy, by reason of the significance of the words with which it is expressed, may be of three kinds.
		Blasphemy cognizable by common law is defined by Blackstone to be "denying the being or providence of God, contumelious reproaches of our Saviour Jesus Christ, profane scoffing at the Holy Scripture, or exposing it to contempt or ridicule".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02595a.htm (1305 words)

	Blasphemy law in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 17th century, blasphemy was declared a common law offence by the Court of King's Bench, punishable by the common law courts.
		All blasphemies against God, including denying His being or providence, all contumelious reproaches of Jesus Christ, all profane scoffing at the Holy Scriptures, and exposing any part thereof to contempt or ridicule, were punishable by the temporal courts with fine, imprisonment, and corporal punishment.
		By the law of Scotland, as it originally stood, the punishment of blasphemy was death, a penalty last imposed on Thomas Aikenhead in Edinburgh in 1697.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blasphemy_law_in_the_United_Kingdom (1657 words)

	Blasphemy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The history of Maryland's blasphemy statutes suggests that even into the 1930s, the First Amendment was not recognized as preventing states from passing such laws.
		The last person to be jailed in the United States for blasphemy was Abner Kneeland in 1838, as decided by the Massachusetts case Commonwealth v.
		Christian theology may condemn blasphemy, as in the Luke 12:10, where blaspheming the Holy Spirit is spoken of as unforgivable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blasphemy (1083 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BLASPHEMY:
		Even in taking testimony during the trial of a blasphemer, the witnesses who heard the blasphemy were not permitted to repeat the very words, but an arbitrary phrase was adopted to indicate the blasphemy.
		Talmudic tradition states that blasphemy was one of the seven crimes prohibited to the Noahides (Sanh.
		It is not necessary that the blasphemy be in Hebrew, and it makes no difference whether the Ineffable Name or the attributes of God be mentioned, whether the offender be a Jew or a non-Jew, whether the language be Hebrew or any other.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1119&letter=B (1020 words)

	Blasphemy - LoveToKnow 1911
		All blasphemies against God, as denying His being, or providence, all contumelious reproaches of Jesus Christ, all profane scoffing at the Holy Scriptures, or exposing any part thereof to contempt or ridicule, are punishable by the temporal courts with fine, imprisonment and also infamous corporal punishment.
		By the law of Scotland, as it originally stood, the punishment of blasphemy was death, but by an act of 1825, amended in 1837, blasphemy was made punishable by fine or imprisonment or both.
		In Germany, the punishment for blasphemy is imprisonment varying from one day to three years, according to the gravity of the offence.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Blasphemy (702 words)

	America Responds to Terrorism -- Blasphemy Salman Rushdie
		Blasphemy refers to the act of offending deeply held religious beliefs.
		Perhaps the earliest prohibition against blasphemy appeared in the Ten Commandments, which declared, "You shall not revile God." In the Jewish tradition, this meant that no one could verbally abuse God or publicly reject belief in him.
		Although very few persons were prosecuted, blasphemy remained a crime in several states well into the 20th century.
	www.crf-usa.org /terror/rushdie.htm (1882 words)

	Blasphemy: Overview
		Outside the West blasphemy has continued to attract exemplary and severe punishments, whether under law (eg long term imprisonment and even execution) or action by vigilantes (eg stoning or burning of offenders, burning of texts and images, violence against representatives of nations that are considered to condone blasphemy).
		Blasphemy is not an offence against a person, a race or a religious group, nor even against 'the Christian religion', as some have said.
		Blasphemy was the chameleon phrase which meant the criticism of whatever the ruling authority of the moment established as orthodox religious doctrine
	www.caslon.com.au /blasphemyprofile.htm (2097 words)

	The Creed of Noah: Blasphemy (Moshiach.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Blasphemy is the only means by which one transgresses the Seven Universal Commandments through the faculty of speech alone.
		Upon hearing the blasphemy, the judges rent their garments as one does for the death of a parent or any other tragedy that elicits grief.
		Blasphemy as an expression of an incomplete faith in God is epitomized by the false notion that there are two powers and two kingdoms, God's and Satan's.
	www.moshiach.com /action/morality/blasphemy.php (1598 words)

	"Blasphemy" Defined
		BLASPHEMY - To attribute to God that which is contrary to his nature and does not belong to him, and to deny what does or is a false reflection uttered with a malicious design of reviling God.
		In England all blasphemies against God, the Christian religion, the Holy Scriptures, and malicious revilings of the established church are punishable by indictment.
		The law relating to blasphemy in that country was totally repealed by the code of 25th of September, 1791, and its present penal code, art.
	www.lectlaw.com /def/b106.htm (249 words)

	Times & Seasons » The Puzzle of Blasphemy
		The purest form of blasphemy is the original meaning of the commandment not to take the Lord’s name in vain, which literally meant that one should never vocalize the Tetragramaton of God’s name, except in special ritual contexts.
		Also, the changing standards of blasphemy over time seem to indicate that it is on a level with a dietary code; i.e., it’s an elastic standard that is not on the level of eternal truth.
		Blasphemy is explicit disrespect or ridicule of God or something else held to be similarly sacred, more often used in a sardonic sense with respect to non-religious concepts of questionable sanctity than anything else these day.
	www.timesandseasons.org /?p=3113 (4545 words)

	blasphemy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Blasphemy is regarded as an offense against the community to varying degrees, depending on the extent of the identification of a religion with the society at large or the government.
		Socrates was prosecuted for blasphemy, and Mosaic law prescribed death for cursing the name of God.
		In countries governed under Islamic law, the concept of blasphemy is broad, embracing many kinds of disrespect or denial of religion; the condemnation (1988) of the author Salman Rushdie by Iranian clerics is a recent example of theocratic action.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bl/blasphemy.html (295 words)

	Blasphemy: European Law and Cases
		Because blasphemy as an offence could not be abolished without a constitutional referendum the Commission recommended creation of a new statutory offence of blasphemous libel, which would cover matter "the sole effect of which is likely to cause outrage to a substantial number of adherents concerning a matter or matters held sacred" by a religion.
		That intent requirement was confirmed in the last major blasphemy case in the Netherlands, regarding Nader tot U [Nearer to Thee], a novel in which Gerard van het Reve (1924-2006) depicted God as a donkey and then further outraged the faithful by discussing intercourse with the beast.
		In Sweden a general crime of blasphemy was abolished in 1949, with abolition of a narrower offence of religious insult in 1970.
	www.caslon.com.au /blasphemyprofile5.htm (3239 words)

	United Kingdom's Blasphemy Laws
		In the seventeenth century, blasphemy was declared a common law offence by the Court of the King's Bench[...].
		From the 16th century to the mid 19th century, blasphemy against the Christian religion was held as an offence against common law.
		Blasphemy is required to weed out people who would restrict our speech, not for fear of us insulting people, but for us questioning concepts.
	www.vexen.co.uk /religion/blasphemy.html (1656 words)

	blasphemy
		Section 295/C of the Pakistan Penal Code (blasphemy law) imposes death penalty on anyone found to have "by words or visible representation or by an imputation or insinuation, directly or indirectly, defiled the name of the Prophet Mohammad of Islam".
		But, after the introduction of blasphemy law in 1985, hundreds of non-Muslims, mostly Christians, have either been killed by the Muslim fanatics or made to flee from the country or put in jails where they face inhumane treatment both at the hands of the Muslim Jail authorities and the Muslim inmates.
		He declared that anybody blamed with blasphemy charges, should be instantly killed on the spot by Muslims as a religious obligation.
	www.religiousfreedom.com /articles/blasphemy.htm (2234 words)

	What is the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit?
		The case of "blasphemy against the Spirit" in the New Testament is mentioned in Mark 3:22-30 and in Matthew 12:22-32.
		The term blasphemy may be generally defined as "defiant irreverence." We would apply the term to such sins as cursing God, or willfully degrading things relating to God.
		This case of blasphemy, however, is a specific one, called "THE blasphemy against the Holy Spirit" in Matthew 12:31.
	www.gotquestions.org /blasphemy-Holy-Spirit.html (382 words)

	Blasphemy - My Journey through Hell- Statement by Dr M. Younus Shaikh:
		In another famous case, a Christian, Ayub Masih was condemned to death for blasphemy on the unsupported evidence of a neighbour, Muhammad Akram who was involved with him in a land dispute and who was awarded property belonging to the accused after the case was decided.
		Others accused of blasphemy have been murdered in jail while awaiting trial and even a High Court judge was murdered after finding one prisoner not guilty.
		Since the introduction of Sharia law in Pakistan in 1986, the blasphemy law has been used on hundreds of occasions by fundamentalists to silence moderate opponents, to intimidate non-Muslims and to settle personal scores.
	www.mukto-mona.com /Articles/Younus_Sheikh/blasphemy.htm (1616 words)

	www.asknoah.org - Explaining the prohibition of blasphemy
		Blasphemy is an acknowledgment of His existence but a denial of His greatness or His goodness.
		The prohibition of blasphemy is transgressed even if one uses another term for G-d, for example, an attribute or epithet such as the Merciful One, the Father, or any other descriptive term.
		In other types of cases, circumstantial evidence may be brought in Noahide courts, as it is in all functioning courts today, and of course that evidence must be examined to determine its validity.
	www.asknoah.org /HTML/blasphemy.html (1161 words)

	DOCTRINE OF BLASPHEMY AGAINST THE HOLY SPIRIT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		They were guilty of blasphemy against the Son in charging Christ with an untruth, vss.31,32.
		Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit shall not be forgiven, v.31.
		The false views confuse blasphemy against the Son with blasphemy against the Holy Spirit.
	www.versebyverse.org /doctrine/blasphemy-HS.html (281 words)

	Blasphemy, Questioning Religion - The Peace Encyclopedia
		Blasphemy can include doubting the existence of a god, to questioning the word of a sacred text, to criticizing laws, statements, figures, actions within that text.
		Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, a professor of literature who wrote that certain references in the Qur'an to supernatural phenomena should be read as meta phors, found his marriage dissolved by an Egyptian court on the grounds that his writings proved him an apostate.
		At the United Nations, the decidedly non diplomatic epithets "blasphemy" and "defamation of Islam" have become part of normal discourse, serving as convenient instruments for shutting off discussion of such unpleasant matters as slavery in Sudan or Muslim anti-Semitism.
	peace.heebz.com /blasphemy.html (8627 words)

	The death penalty under the blasphemy law - Amnesty International Report ASA 33/10/96
		The available evidence indicates that charges were brought as a measure to intimidate and punish members of minority religious communities or non-conforming members of the majority community and that the hostility towards minority groups appeared in many cases compounded by personal enmity, professional envy or economic rivalry or a desire to gain political advantage.
		A common feature of accusations of blasphemy in Pakistan is the manner in which they are uncritically accepted by the prosecuting authorities who themselves may face intimidation and threats should they fail to accept them.
		Besides, the false allegation of blasphemy would itself be made a criminal offence to be punished with up to seven years' imprisonment.
	www.thepersecution.org /ai/amnst196.html (1404 words)

	Pakistan's Blasphemy Law (death sentence): used for personal rivalry, hostility toward minorities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		He is one of perhaps dozens of educators accused by their students of a crime that doesn't exist in many countries: blasphemy.
		In his letter, Sheikh called the blasphemy law "wide open to abuse, through and by the miscreant mullahs for political, repressive and vindictive purposes.
		Anyone who questions the blasphemy law's power may be seen as challenging Islam -- and therefore suspect under the very law he or she questions.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~stwright/rel/islam/pakistan-blasphemy-law.html (1651 words)

	ofwblasphemy
		He said that this form of blasphemy would not be forgiven in this world age or the next one.
		Blasphemy is anything said, or done, that is insulting or contemptuous of God.
		The greatest blasphemy of all is committed by false prophets and especially the Antichrist.
	ourfathersword.org /ofwblasphemy.htm (3542 words)

	blasphemy
		The first time we hear the term "blasphemy against the Holy Ghost" is when Jesus in Matthew 12:31 confronts the Pharisees for their wickedness.
		This is treading under foot the Son of God; this is counting his blood an unholy thing; this is doing despite unto the Spirit of grace—in short, this is the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, and it cannot occur apart from the willful denigration of the person of Jesus Christ.
		It was blasphemy, for Jesus Christ had boldly, confidently, and without apology asserted his equality with God.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Bluffs/7954/blasphemy.html (3554 words)

	Blasphemy Law calls for Death Penalty in Muslim Country
		During 2000, numerous protests were organized throughout the national territory, and organizations like the Justitia et Pax Commission, Caritas-Pakistan and the National Christian Action Forum collected signatures protesting the electoral law, Eglises d'Asie reported on June 16, 2000.
		The most troubling issue in regard to religious liberty is the blasphemy law, according to which anyone accused by a witness of insulting Mohammed or Islam can be arrested and condemned to death.
		Rasheed and Saleem Masih, two Christian brothers from the province of Punjab, were sentenced on May 11, 2000, to 35 years in prison, accused of blasphemy by a Muslim ice-cream vendor.
	www.trosch.org /bks/islm/blasphemy.html?_ptr.html (722 words)

	Blasphemy
		The blasphemy laws are used to stifle artistic expression and free speech, such as in R. v Lemon 1979 when a poem about Jesus was published in a gay magazine.
		For a Christian, blasphemy is against the trinity or their own doctrines, for Muslims blasphemy is against Muhammad or their religion.
		Opposing the blasphemy laws is in the interest of the global community, of tolerance and of the advancement of critical thought and compassion.
	www.dpjs.co.uk /blasphemy.html (1707 words)

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