
	Where results make sense

Topic: Blastema

	muscle-cord
		The blastema, from the outset of its history as a discrete entity, failed to behave as though ontologically neutral or developmentally indifferent.
		The term blastema is used here to denote the cone of new tissue, observed under the dissecting microscope, growing distal to the plane of amputation between the fifth and sixteen days following limb amputation.
		Transplanting the 6-day blastema along with spinal cord resulted in the differentiation of mature skeletal muscle fibers in approximately one-third of the cases (see the table).
	www.indiana.edu /~pietsch/muscle-cord.html (2612 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| An Ambystoma mexicanumEST sequencing project: analysis of 17,352 expressed sequence tags ...
		Considering the biological properties of the blastema tissue versus the neural tube tissue, we were particularly interested in differential display results of gene sequences that had been assigned to the biological functions of RNA metabolism (as an indicator of an high proliferation index), cell cycle and proliferation and differentiation.
		The blastema library was produced from tail tissue that was in the process of forming the blastema progenitor cells for regeneration.
		The blastema library is particularly enriched in cell-cycle genes and RNA metabolism genes, presumably reflecting the high proliferative index of the early regenerating blastema.
	genomebiology.com /2004/5/9/R67 (7172 words)

	blastema-zook.html
		The skeletal elements are visible soon after the cone is recognizable, varying in detail with the age of the animals and the ambient temperature.
		The source of the blastema is not used up by successive bouts of regeneration, which is a crucial point and one of the major attributes of limb regeneration, as we know it today.
		ZOOK: The new skeletal elements differentiate from the blastema cells, even the blastema, isolated from the stump.
	www.indiana.edu /~pietsch/blastema-zook.html (2563 words)

	Boock Review: STOCUM, D.L. Wound Repair, Regeneration and Artificial Tissues
		The blastema is characterized by the presence of wound epidermis and interaction with the latter determines the blastema growth.
		It was expected that the differences of the blastema cells in the type of recognition determined by the level of their formation should have been expressed in distal displacement ("sorting") of the transplants to the corresponding level of the recipient regenerate.
		The regenerates from the carpus blastema were displaced to the level of malleolus, those from the antebrachium blastema to the level of tibia, while those from the upper arm blastema remained at the level of grafting, at the middle of femur.
	uni-koeln.de /math-nat-fak/zoologie/reg-vertebrates/IntAIR/wound.htm (2778 words)

	eMedicine - Multicystic Renal Dysplasia : Article Excerpt by: Wm Lane M Robson, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The metanephric blastema forms the proximal components of the nephron from the glomerulus to the distal convoluted tubule.
		The metanephric blastema is generally accepted to differentiate into the renal parenchyma under the influence of the ampulla of the ureteric bud.
		This abnormal induction might be due to a problem with the formation of the mesonephric duct, malformation of the ureteral bud, or degeneration of the ureteral bud at an early stage.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/multicystic-renal-dysplasia.htm (616 words)

	Chapter 2: Growth Control
		On the basis of these observations we theoretically divided regeneration into two separate but sequential phases; the first being the formation of a blastema in response to a signal that is stimulating to the local cells and through their dedifferentiation produces the blastema.
		Since it is common knowledge that nonregenerating animals fail in the first phase and do not produce blastemas, and in view of our finding of the polarity differences between regenerators and nonregenerators in the first phase, we postulated that the initial stimulating signal was missing in the nonregenerating animals.
		In regenerative growth, for example, the blastema is formed by the dedifferentiation of mature specialized cells at the injury site into primitive, possibly totipotent cells; a profound alteration in both function and morphology.
	www.ortho.lsuhsc.edu /Faculty/Marino/EL/EL2/Growth.html (4235 words)

	Hedgehog signaling controls dorsoventral patterning, blastema cell proliferation and cartilage induction during axolotl ...
		The blastema cells are surrounding the ependymal tube at 4 dpa (A).
		Note that the Pax7 expression persists in the lateral blastema cells in C. Pax7 staining is in red and nuclear Hoechst staining in blue.
		Note that the staining in the blastema is strongest in the cells surrounding the ventral spinal cord.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/132/14/3243 (7053 words)

	Boock Review: Tsonis, P. A. "Limb Regeneration"
		It follows from experiments on transplantation of the blastemas at different levels of differentiation into various regions of the animals that the blastema is either an undetermined or determined st ucture.
		According to the first variant, the pattern of blastema differentiation is determined by inductive interactions with the cells of adjacent differentiated tissues.
		However, discovery of several RAR isoforms in the blastema suggests that the three dimensional structure of the limb based on the RA and CRABOP gradients is a simplified scheme.
	www.uni-koeln.de /math-nat-fak/zoologie/reg-vertebrates/IntAIR/limb.htm (2400 words)

	Expression of Sonic hedgehog gene in regenerating newt limb blastemas recapitulates that in developing limb buds -- ...
		in the limb blastema is not a recapitulation of that in the limb
		ZPA in the regeneration blastema of newt limbs.
		The pattern of shh expression in grafted blastemas was determined by the whole-mount in situ hybridization.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/17/9159 (3775 words)

	Caudata Culture - Limb Regeneration Photo Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The bone near the tip has begun to be degraded (white arrows), and cells are now present between the bone and the epidermis.
		The blastema is a mass of undifferentiated (i.e., nondescript) cells that will later rebuild all the limb tissues.
		Note dedifferentiating bone, dedifferentiating muscle (white arrow), sparce scattered blastema cells, and the restriction of blood cells to vessels.
	www.caudata.org /cc/articles/series_limb_histology.shtml (571 words)

	Amphibian Limb Regeneration
		In the blastema, mitosis occurs rapidly and the combination of migration of dedifferentiated cells and the proliferation of these cells results in a large mass of morphologically undifferentiated cells.
		The blastema is now as long as it is wide, forming a cone shaped structure.
		As the cone elongates, cartilage (C) begins to differentiate within the blastema around the ends of the transected bones at the level of amputation (arrow).
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/regen1.html (800 words)

	Developmental Biology Online: The Polar Coordinate Model of The Polar Coordinate Model of Positional Information in the ...
		When a newly emerged limb bud (or regeneration blastema) is severed at its base and rotated 180 degrees on its stump, the result is a limb with three areas of outgrowth.
		When axolotl limb buds were transferred to regenerating axolotl blastema stumps, in a way that maintained the original polarity with respect to the stump, normal limbs developed.
		Because the basis of regeneration appears to be the recognition of differences between adjacent tissues, it is probable that epimorphic pattern formation during regeneration and normal pattern formation during embryonic limb development are the result of the proximate interactions between adjacent cells rather than the result of long-range gradients (Bryant et al., 1981).
	7e.devbio.com /article.php?ch=18&id=184 (1760 words)

	Key to zebrafish heart regeneration uncovered
		This mass of undifferentiated cells is known as a blastema.
		The precursor cells within the blastema begin to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells and proliferate within the first three to four days after injury, the researchers found in their experiments.
		The researchers found that biochemical signaling between the blastema and the epicardium is controlled in part by proteins called fibroblast growth factors, which are involved in wound healing and embryonic development.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-11/dumc-ktz103006.php (773 words)

	4um: Regrow Your Own (Limb Regeneration)
		Initiation of a blastema and the formation of the embryo are obviously separate biological programs, but "the processes must converge at some point," says Jeremy Brockes, a leading regeneration researcher at University College London.
		The blastema seems to derive its instructions from the wound-site cells from which it was formed, and is quite impervious to cues from new surrounding tissue if it is transplanted.
		If a blastema made by sectioning a salamander's limb at the wrist is transplanted elsewhere in the body it will still grow just a wrist and paw, while a shoulder blastema will regrow the whole limb.
	freedom4um.com /cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=23813 (1835 words)

	IPLab
		The basophilic cellular component termed "blastema" (1) can be distinguished from less cellular eosinophilic areas with fibroblast-like cells (2).
		There are regions within the blastema where the cells form glands or "tubules" (arrows).
		This high-power photomicrograph shows the differences in cell morphology between the blastema (1) and the fibroblast type cells (2).
	peir.path.uab.edu /iplab/messages/598/538.html?1002837589 (814 words)

	Metanephrogenic mesenchyme-to-epithelium transition induces profound expression changes of ion channels -- Huber et al. ...
		ureteric branch with its buds and the adherent blastema, was dissected
		Induced cells of the mesenchymal blastema (b) condense (cm, far left) to a globular aggregate (a, middle left) and convert to comma- (cb, middle right) and S-shaped body (sb, far right) on top of the ureteric bud cell monolayer.
		In some fluorescence images, the outline of the developmental stages was redrawn from the light micrograph; a, globular aggregate; b, mesenchymal blastema; cb, comma-shaped body; cm, condensed mesenchyme; sb, S-shaped body; ub, ureteric bud.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/1/F65 (5697 words)

	Heat-shock protein 60 is required for blastema formation and maintenance during regeneration -- Makino et al. 102 (41): ...
		Heat-shock protein 60 is required for blastema formation and maintenance during regeneration -- Makino et al.
		No blastema is observed in nbl regenerates at 33°C. However, mesenchymal cell proliferation in nbl is slightly increased.
		Failed blastema maintenance in nbl.(A) Whole-mount in situ hybridization of msxb in WT and nbl fin regenerates.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/102/41/14599 (3897 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		Following amputation of a urodele limb or teleost fin, the formation of a blastema is a crucial step in facilitating subsequent regeneration.
		Using the zebrafish caudal fin regeneration model, the hypothesis that fibroblast growth factors initiate blastema formation from fin mesenchyme was examined.
		At the epidermal-mesenchymal junction, Fgf molecules synthesized in the wound epidermis bind to mesenchymal Fgfr1.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/dbzhnsky/brncls2m.htm (4662 words)

	Appendage Regeneration in Adult Vertebrates and Implications for Regenerative Medicine -- Brockes and Kumar 310 (5756): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		(A) A limb blastema from a salamander transplanted to the fin tunnel.
		The left limb blastema of a larval axolotl (upper) was electroporated so as to express red fluorescent protein, and after regeneration, the labeled cells contribute to the hand.
		The right blastema (lower) was electroporated to express green fluorescent protein and Prod 1, and cells contribute to proximal tissue after regeneration, even to tissue proximal to the amputation plane (dashed line).
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/310/5756/1919 (3416 words)

	Regeneration In Urodeles
		The ability of the cells in the limb to dedifferentiate, form a blastema and become blank slate cells again makes regeneration possible (1).
		The purpose for the involvement of the nerves is believed to be for the release of a neurotrophic factor that stimulates the reentry of blastema cells into the cell cycle (17).
		Both retinoic acid and sonic hedgehog protein have been shown to have a role in establishing the pattern formation of the dedifferentiated cells (1, 6, 10).
	www.bio.davidson.edu /Courses/anphys/2000/Grayson/Grayson9.htm (286 words)

	eMedicine - Multicystic Renal Dysplasia : Article by Wm Lane M Robson, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Nodular renal blastema is reported in 0.25-0.5% of the general population, 3-6.7% of individuals with MCDK, and 12-40% of patients with Wilms tumor.
		Beckwith noted that nodular renal blastema is present in up to 1% of the general population and that Wilms tumor develops in approximately 1 in 8000 children.
		The incidence of nodular renal blastema in MCDK is considered to be approximately 5%; therefore, 20 MCDK-affected kidneys would need to be removed to ablate one with nodular renal blastema and 1600 kidneys with MCDK would need to be removed to prevent one case of Wilms tumor.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1493.htm (5237 words)

	Science News Online - This Week - Feature Article - 11/1/97
		The resulting blastema, a mass of unspecialized cells, proliferates rapidly to form a limb bud.
		As a result, Sánchez is operating on the assumption that the regeneration strategy used by planaria resembles the one employed by urodeles and may provide insight into the human failure to regenerate.
		With a technique called subtractive hybridization, the researchers collected fragments of genes turned on in blastemas when a planarian regenerates its tail, its head, or both and compared them to genes normally active in the head and tail.
	www.sciencenews.org /pages/sn_arc97/11_1_97/bob1.htm (2017 words)

	biomorphic regeneration
		During the act of regeneration of the blastemas, the gradient of adhesive properties is established, and the cells naturally rearrange themselves into their most thermodynamically stable pattern.
		This mechanism of the higher adhesive affinity cell clusters migrating distally is the manner in which the regenerated blastema establishes the adhesive affinity gradient.
		The cells at the regenerated blastema should be tested for different adhesive properties at many stages of the limb regeneration.
	www.basilisk.com /B/biomorphic_regeneratio_252.html (1047 words)

	Hox11 paralogous genes are essential for metanephric kidney induction -- Wellik et al. 16 (11): 1423 -- Genes and ...
		Hox11 triple mutant blastemas undergo apoptosis in the absence of induction.
		The metanephric blastemas in control and mutant embryos are indicated by a white arrow; the Wolffian ducts are indicated by a white W.
		(C,D) Pax2 immunostaining in the blastema and Wolffian duct.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/16/11/1423 (5159 words)

	Jo Ann Cameron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		We are studying cellular features of blastemas at the developmental stages and amputation levels where there is predictably “good regeneration” and where there is predictably “poor” regeneration.
		Blastemas with cellular characteristics most closely resembling limb buds are more likely to regenerate successfully (Wolfe et al., 2000).
		Wolfe, A.D., Nye, H.L.D., and Cameron, J.A. Extent of ossification at the amputation plane is correlated with the decline of blastema formation and regeneration in Xenopus laevis hindlimbs.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /cdb/faculty/cameron.html (722 words)

	Max-Planck-Gesellschaft - Max-Planck Forschungsberichte (laufend) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Proliferation of tail blastema cells was severely impaired, resulting in an overall cessation of tail regeneration, and blastema cells no longer expressed the early cartilage marker Sox9.
		Spinal cord removal experiments revealed that hedgehog signaling, while required for blastema growth is not sufficient for tail regeneration in the absence of the spinal cord.
		Interestingly, although tail regeneration does not occur through the formation of somites, the Shh-dependent pathways that control embryonic somite patterning and proliferation may be utilized within the blastema, albeit with a different topography to mediate growth and patterning of tail tissues during regeneration.
	www.mpg.de /-snm-0135015080-1119965836-0000030431-0000004645-1120152369-enm-forschungsergebnisse/wissVeroeffentlichungen/forschungsberichte/EEB/200536_087.shtml (385 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)