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Topic: Blastpipe

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	Device for injecting preheated air into a shaft furnace - Patent 4940005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In certain high temperature furnaces, blastpipe holders are arranged in a relatively high number round the base of the furnace, for example a blast furnace, for the purpose of injecting hot air into it in order to maintain the combustion and reduction process in the furnace.
		Because of this high temperature of the air passing through the blastpipe holders, conventional blastpipe holders have a thick inner refractory lining, on the one hand to prevent heat losses and on the other hand to protect the outer metal casing against thermal radiation and the high temperature of the air.
		All the elements of the blastpipe holder have an inner refractory lining 30 which is laid onto the inner surface of an outer metal casing 32.
	www.freepatentsonline.com:9003 /4940005.html (1340 words)

	a4 pacific (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The A4 pacifics were designed for low consumption of coal and water on all kinds of services; passenger and freight.
		With the introduction of the double-exhaust Kylchap blastpipe, the consumption levels of the above dropped even more, gaining more revenue to their operators.
		On July 3 1938 the Mallard, newly fitted with the Kylchap exhaust, set a world speed record of 125 mph (201.2 km/h), pulling six cars plus a dynamometer car.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /A4_Pacific.html (222 words)

	NOTTINGHAM VICTORIA - Steam Locomotive Design Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The chimney and blastpipe arrangement not only exausts waste steam, but also, by venturi effect, draws air through the fire grate and smoke along the flue tubes, thus also ensuring good and regular combustion in the firebox, regular heating of the boiler and function of the superheaters, if fitted.
		The Kylchap blastpipe and chimney is a variation of the double chimney, having a number of petticoat rings between the blastpipe and chimney.
		The multiple-jet blastpipe was applied to Bulleid's MN, WC and BB class pacifics, the Q1, and it was retro-fitted during the war years to Schools, Lord Nelson and King Arthur classes.
	timothyplatypus.tripod.com /NottinghamVictoria/SLDT.html (2343 words)

	Steam locomotive basics - section 9, blastpipes
		The used steam from the cylinders is ejected from the blastpipe, which is a nozzle at the bottom of the smokebox facing the chimney mouth.
		Up to a point, the smaller the nozzle the greater the speed of the steam and the stronger the draught, however, this creates a draught that is uneven and tends to draw out pieces of half-burned coal with the smoke from the fire.
		This had two blastpipes, but each nozzle formed a cross-section of four circles joining in the centre, so that the steam emerged as four jets that met in the middle.
	www.greatwestern.org.uk /basic9.htm (409 words)

	Converters for refining metals - Patent 4106758
		The blastpipe means preferably includes a plurality of blastpipes each provided with means for admission of a peripheral protective agent for protection against wear during the course of blowing in.
		The blastpipes may be arranged in a removable refractory block extending along an elongated circular sector of the body, for example, as in traditional converters with removable bottoms.
		The walls of the converter are formed of metal defining a cylinder 1 of 7.5 meters in diameter by 4.25 meters in length, and two domed end members of 7.50 meters in diameter with a bow of 2.10 meters, with the result that the overall length of the converter is 8.45 meters.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4106758.html (2992 words)

	The Modifications - Restoration & Mainline Running
		Because the five nozzles of the Bulleid blastpipe were angled outwards it was felt that this might not be typical, but the ‘A2’ Kylchap choke area was found to be half as big again as that of the Duke.
		Blastpipe and nozzles were cast by Fletcher and Stewart of Derby.
		The other main differences were in the distance between blastpipe nozzle and chimney flue choke, and chimney taper.
	www.dukeofgloucester.cwc.net /modify.htm (1575 words)

	Mallet locomotive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Steam was fed from the steam dome down to the aft, high-pressure cylinders - the exhaust steam from those being fed forwards in a pipe with a swivelling joint - to the forward, low-pressure cylinders.
		The exhaust steam from the larger low-pressure cylinders is exhausted through a slit in the sliding bearing in the top of the swivelling truck and thus to the smokebox above, and the blastpipe (US: exhaust nozzle) and chimney (US: stack).
		Purists consider only compound locomotives to be true Mallets, but especially in the United States many non-compound ('simple') locomotives of a similar pattern were built.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mallet_locomotive (390 words)

	Kylchap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kylchap steam locomotive exhaust system was designed and patented by the famous French steam engineer André Chapelon, using a second-stage nozzle designed by the Finnish engineer Kylälä and known as the Kylälä spreader; thus the name KylChap for this design.
		The Kylchap exhaust consists of four stacked nozzles, the first exhaust nozzle (UK: blastpipe) blowing exhaust steam only and known as the primary nozzle, this being a Chapelon design using four triangular jets.
		This exhausts into the second stage, the Kylälä spreader, which mixes the exhaust steam with some of the smokebox gases; this then exhausts into a third stage, designed by Chapelon, that mixes the resulting steam/smokebox gases mixture with yet more smokebox gases.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kylchap (447 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mallard (locomotive) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The record was achieved on July 3, 1938 on the slight downwards grade of Stoke Bank south of Grantham on the East Coast Main Line, and the highest speed was recorded at milepost 90¼, between the towns of Little Bytham and Essendine.
		Mallard was the perfect vehicle for such an endeavor; one of a class of streamlined locomotives designed for sustained 100+ mph (160 km/h) running, it was one of a small number equipped with a double chimney and double Kylchap blastpipe, which made for improved draughting and better exhaust flow at speed.
		The A4's three-cylinder design made for better stability at speed, and the large 6 ft 8 in (2032 mm) driving wheels meant that the maximum revolutions per minute was within the capabilities of the technology of the day.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mallard-(locomotive) (648 words)

	The Gresley P2 Passenger 2-8-2 (Mikado) Locomotives
		Associated Locomotive Equipment Ltd also provided the Kylchap double blastpipe, which was designed to take different blastpipe tops, and taper blocks allowing different blastpipe cross-sectional areas to be tried.
		The latter appear to have been due to the relative lack of vibration on the test station, leading to occasional breaks in the lubrication films failing to seal immediately.
		Blastpipe trials at Vitry found the best combination to be a 6in diameter blastpipe top with No. 1 taper blocks fitted.
	www.lner.info /locos/P/p2.shtml (1692 words)

	William Adams
		The 'Vortex' blastpipe associated with the name of Adams was invented largely by his nephew Henry Adams.
		The history of locomotive draughting is complex and unclear, but the two Adams can be considered pioneers in the scientific quest for a blast which would provide a good steady draught, by means of the exhaust steam, without tearing up the fire and without entailing excessive back-pressure in the cylinders.
		The 'Vortex' blastpipe, which Adams first fitted to LSWR locomotives in 1885, had an outer ring-shaped steam exit inside which was a central aperture leading from a bell-mouthed scoop placed to receive firebox gases from the lower tubes.
	www.steamindex.com /people/adams.htm (1316 words)

	Bluebell Railway Villa Team - Fenchurch's cylinders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The first problem with Fenchurch's cylinders was found whilst preparing to remove the boiler from the frames, during removal of the some of the concrete which forms the floor of the smokebox, in order to get at the bolts holding the smokebox to the frames.
		The way in which this was done suggests that it had been a poor casting when first made, and the present problem is due to the manifold wall having been too thin.
		The second problem is with the flange where the main steam pipe fixes to the cylinders, at the rear of the left casting.
	www.rhbnc.ac.uk /~uhaa009/bb/vt/72/cylinders.html (974 words)

	The Gresley K3 and Thompson K5 2-6-0 Moguls
		This was eventually solved in 1929 by fitting a blastpipe which was 4in shorter.
		The improvement was so significant that the blastpipe orifice was opened out to 5.5in.
		This was a parabolic cone resembling many modern power station cooling towers, significantly different to the GNR-style liner and cowl used on the early K3s.
	www.lner.info /locos/K/k3k5.shtml (1787 words)

	Timothy Hackworth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The engine was however subsequently used on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and can still be seen in action at the Timothy Hackworth Museum.
		His design in 1827 for the Royal George used a steam blastpipe in the chimney to draw the fire, and he is usually acknowledged as the inventor of this concept.
		However, Sir Goldsworthy Gurney claimed prior art, having used a similar steam blast as early as 1822.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timothy_Hackworth (351 words)

	Stephenson's Rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Previous boilers consisted of a single pipe surrounded by water.
		Rocket also used a blastpipe for the first time - using the blast of exhaust steam to induce a partial vacuum to pull air through the fire.
		Nearly all steam locomotives built since have been based upon Rocket's basic design.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Rocket (546 words)

	Improving the Fleet - Front End Redesigns On the Welshpool & Llanfair Railway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		They studied the problems described with 'Monarch' and came to various solutions, not least of which was replacement and redesign of the blastpipe and the fitting of a liner to the chimney.
		Using the existing blastpipe base the top was modified to a 4 nozzle pattern similar in external appearance to No.14 but differing internally.
		It soon became apparent that the ejector exhaust was obstructing one of the nozzles and that there was an alignment problem with the blastpipe itself.
	www.messiaen.demon.co.uk /trains/newsteam/modern07.htm (2473 words)

	Great Western Railway Manor class
		Modifications to the blastpipe and firebars in 1952 gave a greatly improved performance, while experiments with the smokebox on No. 7818 led to improved steaming.
		Modifications included reducing the blastpipe jumper ring and nozzle diameter from 5 1/8 inches to 4 5/8 inches and together increased the steam rate from 10,000 pounds per hour to 20,400 pounds per hour.
		Amazingly from a class of just 30 locomotives, 9 'Manor' class engines were saved for preservation and these are numbers 7802, 7808, 7812, 7819, 7820, 7821, 7822, 7827 and 7828.
	www.greatwestern.org.uk /m_in_man.htm (217 words)

	NOTTINGHAM VICTORIA - Steam Locomotives
		This is positioned in the smokebox, below the chimney, and the exhaust steam rushes out of the blastpipe, through the chimney.
		Another important control is the blower, which is a way of creating a draught for the fire without the locomotive running.
		Steam is taken from the boiler, through a valve, and into the smokebox, where is is fired by jets up from the blastpipe to the chimney, thus creating a draught for the fire.
	timothyplatypus.tripod.com /NottinghamVictoria/steam1.html (1545 words)

	Glossary
		One or more pipes which are situated in the smokebox underneath the chimney, designed to eject the exhaust steam, thereby creating a vacuum and draught on the fire.
		Device around the top of the blastpipe that uses steam to increase the draught on the fire when stationary, the counteract back draught, or to clear smoke from the driver's field of vision.
		An arrangement of wheels, usually at the front of a locomotive, helping both to lead a locomotive into curves and to support some of the weight.
	www.mixedtraffic.net /downloads/glossary.htm (925 words)

	CR Loco 828 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		When introduced 828 and the 4-4-0 Dunalistair locos had a special form of exhaust steam 'annular' blastpipe which was intended to improve the loco's efficiency by reducing the 'back pressure' of the blast while maintaining the draught to draw the hot gases through the tubes.
		A new blastpipe of this type will be made and the results in service should be fascinating.
		It is expected that with the fabrication of a new smokebox a return to the Caledonian specification of flush countersunk riveting will be made giving a neater and authentic appearance to the front of the loco.
	www.mackaymodels.co.uk /cr828.htm (854 words)

	LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It broke the German 1936 record of 200.4 km/h.
		Mallard was the perfect vehicle for such an endeavour; one of a class of streamlined locomotives designed for sustained 100+ mph (160 km/h) running, it was one of a small number equipped with a double chimney and double Kylchap blastpipe, which made for improved draughting and better exhaust flow at speed.
		The A4's three-cylinder design made for better stability at speed, and the large 6 ft 8 in (2.032 m) driving wheels meant that the maximum revolutions per minute was within the capabilities of the technology of the day.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/LNER_A4_class_4468_Mallard (662 words)

	Technical
		a system of plates which require the gases from the flue tubes to be sucked forward along the lower part of the box before reversing direction to mix with the exhaust steam being ejected from the blastpipe, and which help shatter the ash into smaller pieces; and
		forcing them to pass under the horizontal plate surrounding the blastpipe.
		The short sloping plate 3 prevents the gases taking a direct route into the base of the chimney and give a further shattering opportunity.
	www.railwayanapage.com /technical.htm (374 words)

	LNER A4 class (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The A4 pacifics were designed for low of coal and water on all kinds of services; passenger freight.
		With the introduction of the double-exhaust Kylchap blastpipe the consumption levels of the dropped even more gaining more revenue to operators.
		On July 3 1938 the Mallard newly fitted with the exhaust set a world speed record of mph (201.2 km/h) pulling six cars plus dynamometer car.
	www.freeglossary.com /LNER_A4_Pacific (403 words)

	LNER V2
		self-cleaning plates were introduced into the smokebox from 1946, which resulted in a deterioration in steaming capacity far below the previous standard, which could not be recovered in spite of a number of trial variations in the blastpipe and chimney proportions, including reduction of the blastpipe orifice from 5.1" to 5".
		Since similar trouble had been experienced elsewhere in applying self-cleaning plates to the smoke boxes of 3-cylinder as distinct from 2-cylinder engines, it was decided to send a representative engine to the Swindon Test Plant for steaming tests as then running and with such modification as would result in improved performance.
		As a result of relatively small modifications to blastpipe and chimney dimensions the rate of continuous evaporation which could be sustained was more than doubled and in its final condition opportunity was taken to carry out a series of full scale performance and efficiency test which were the subject of this Bulletin.
	www.traintesting.com /bulletin_8.htm (391 words)

	Steam locomotive basics - section 1, locomotive layout
		The gases from the fire, now much cooler after giving up much of their heat to the water and steam, are ejected through the chimney.
		This is greatly assisted by the exhaust steam from the cylinders passing through the reduced orifice of the blastpipe at high speed, and capturing the gases on the way.
		By this method the smokebox maintains a partial vacuum that provides a draw on the fire.
	www.greatwestern.org.uk /basic1.htm (601 words)

	Steam locomotive basics - section 7, compounding
		When the regulator is opened further however, the high-pressure steam from the boiler is fed only to the high-pressure cylinder.
		When the steam has completed its cycle here, it is then transferred to the two low-pressure cylinders before being exhausted towards the blastpipe.
		As developments in cylinders and boilers changed, so one design became popular before the other overtook it.
	www.greatwestern.org.uk /basic7.htm (403 words)

	diesel-electric locomotive - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about diesel-electric locomotive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In 1804 Cornish engineer Richard Trevithick built the first steam engine to run on rails.
		Locomotive design did not radically improve until English engineer George Stephenson built the Rocket in 1829, which featured a multitube boiler and blastpipe, standard in all following steam locomotives.
		Today most locomotives are diesel or electric: diesel locomotives have a powerful diesel engine, and electric locomotives draw their power from either an overhead cable or a third rail alongside the ordinary track.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /diesel-electric+locomotive (376 words)

	An essay on the front-end
		The flow from the blastpipe into the orifice should be very free and carefully guided with internal streamlining; sudden jumps in total area should be avoided.
		It has to be designed for the largest total orifice area (equal blastpipe?) and have the possibility to use smaller blast-caps.
		Giesl-Gieslingen has shown in his doctor’s thesis of 1929 that a chimney with its entrance very close to the orifices improves flow, the smokegas is forced to enter in the direction of the chimney.
	www.trainweb.org /tusp/koopmans/part_3.html (2207 words)

	How a steam railway loco works
		Blastpipe of a Bulleid West Country class loco has five nozzles directing exhaust up a wide chimney to produce draught for the fire (applying Bernoulli's Principle)
		Blastpipe for a Urie S15 is like an inverted 'Y' Main steampipe is to its left
		The exhaust beats of a steam loco depend on the 'timing' of the loco.
	www.watercressline.co.uk /tw/pages/howwork2.htm (637 words)

	Welshpool & Llanfair - Improving the Fleet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The reason for the front end redesign was to produce a reactive exhaust which drew evenly across the firebed and also to produce proportional high levels of turbulence, as primary air intake is limited to very low levels in the Gas Producer system.
		Using the existing blastpipe base, the top was modified to a four-nozzle pattern similar in external appearance to No 14's but differing internally, as all exhaust systems have to be tailored to the gas-free area of the boiler, which can be calculated only following a proper gas analysis survey.
		The new exhaust pipes (yet to be connected), blastpipe, nozzles and chimney liner are in place.
	www.martynbane.co.uk /modernsteam/nday/wllr/improving.htm (2231 words)

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