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Topic: Bleiburg massacre

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Bleiburg

Principles of the Ustase Movement

Operation Keelhaul

Maks Luburic

Vladimir Zerjavic

Pursuit of Nazi collaborators

Katyn Massacre

Ustase

Independent State of Croatia

Chetniks

Josip Broz Tito

Franjo Tudjman

Jasenovac concentration camp

History of Croatia

Marshal Tito

	Bleiburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bleiburg (Pliberk in Slovenian) is a small city in the state of Carinthia, Austria, south-east of Klagenfurt, in the district of Völkermarkt, near the Slovenian border.
		Bleiburg was elevated to the status of a city in 1370.
		In May 1945, Bleiburg was the initial location of the so-called Bleiburg massacre, in the course of which Yugoslav partisans killed thousands of Croatian Ustashe and their supporters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bleiburg (275 words)

	Bleiburg massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is named after the village of Bleiburg on the Austrian-Slovenian border, near where the massacre began.
		The victims were Croatian soldiers and civilians, executed without trial as an act of vengeance for the crimes committed by the Ustaše regime in Croatian-controlled territories during World War II — frequently in overtly gruesome manner (mass rape and subsequent killing by stoning of women; beheading of disarmed Croatian soldiers).
		Murder continued in nearby Slovenia, and it is hard to estimate the number of victims in Bleiburg field, compared to those later found in the trenches in the Maribor area and other numerous pits in Slovenia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bleiburg_massacre (686 words)

	List of Massacres Encyclopedia Articles @ Karrnet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Massacre has a number of meanings, but most commonly refers to individual events of deliberate and direct mass murder, especially of noncombatant civilians without any reasonable means of defense, that would qualify as war crimes or atrocities.
		Massacres in this sense do not typically apply to combatants, except figuratively, although the deliberate mass killings of prisoners of war are often considered massacres.
		Additionally, the word massacre is often used for political or propaganda purposes, and the choice of whether to label an event a massacre may become a sensitive one; see, for example, the Kent State shootings.
	www.karrnet.com /encyclopedia/List_of_massacres (4410 words)

	Bleiburg massacre - TheBestLinks.com - Austria, Croatia, Josip Broz Tito, May, ...
		The Bleiburg massacre was a massacre that happened near the end of World War II, during May 1945, near the village of Bleiburg on the Austrian-Slovenian border.
		It involved mass murder of Croatian soldiers and civilians who were fleeing from the defeated Independent State of Croatia, at the hand of the Yugoslav partisan army, under the orders from their supreme commander Josip Broz Tito.
		While the upper limit is almost certainly false, the lower one has gained credibility in recent years, when Slovene authorities have estimated, in 1999 and 2000 that mass excavations in wider Maribor area have found ca.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Bleiburg_massacre.html (530 words)

	Croatian Radio Melbourne Bleiburg 1945.-2006. - u sjecanje - Remember Lest we forget
		Bleiburg is a model for all the forced repatriations in post-war Europe.
		The mere recognition that Bleiburg did occur, that ques-tions exist, and that in all things there are causes, actions, and effects, is a giant first step toward understanding the tragedy and healing the wounds still felt by so many.
		The Bleiburg-Maribor massacres have been documented in such works as Operation Slaughterhouse by John Prcela and Stanko Guldescu, In Tito's Death Marches and Extermination Camps by Joseph Hecimovic, Operation Keelhaul by Julius Epstein, Bleiburg by Vinko Nikolic, and perhaps best known, The Minister and the Massacres by Count Nikolai Tolstoy.
	www.croradio.net /bleiburg.htm (5343 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Bleiburg massacre
		It involved mass murder of Croatian soldiers and civilians who were fleeing from the defeated fascist puppet state of Croatia.
		One operates with big numbers, and their contention is that somewhere between 250,000 and 600,000 Croats had been executed in Bleiburg, Slovenia and northern Croatia.
		While the upper limit is almost certainly false, the lower one has gained credibility in recent years, when Slovene authorities have estimated, in 1999 and 2000, that mass excavations in wider Maribor area have found cca.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Bleiburg_massacre (698 words)

	Operation Keelhaul - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Many of the refugees were summarily executed (as revenge for the crimes committed by fascists during the war), sometimes within earshot of the British.
		The killings at the hand of the Yugoslav forces are known as the Bleiburg massacre.
		Alexander Solzhenitsyn called this operation "the last secret of World War II." He contributed to a legal defence fund set up to help Nikolai Tolstoy, who was charged with libel in a 1989 case brought up by Lord Aldington over war crimes allegations made by Tolstoy related to this operation.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Operation_Keelhaul (301 words)

	Historijski mitovi u zemljama nasljednicama Jugoslavije
		It is symptomatic that by 2001 Croatian history textbooks for high school pupils hardly mentioned the terrors of the Ustasha rule but elaborated on Chetnik atrocities and the Bleiburg massacres, while Serbian schoolbooks from 2002 carefully described cruelties of the Ustasha-regime and paid only little attention to the crimes of the Chetniks.
		The focusing on the history of wartime massacres and atrocities was made more powerful by the claim that this history had been kept secret by communist politicians and national opponents.
		Though the issues of wartime massacres and genocide had been present within history, literature and politics through the Titoist period, they became the focus of much larger interest from the beginning of the 1980s, initially mainly in Serbia.
	www.iis.unsa.ba /institut/du_tea.htm (2051 words)

	(E) Why are we Croatians so afraid of the Bleiburg truth ?, May 18, 2006
		The Bleiburg Way of the Cross was never "The punishment death march for the war criminal Nazis, Ustasas and Cetniks" as propagandized by the Communists to justify it.
		Rafael Boban and his parts of Black Legion Ustasas at Bleiburg on the other hand had already a plan B as an exit strategy if they would not be let through into Austria and started moving right away towards the south into Istria and to Italy via Trieste.
		Still so afraid of truth, that even the grandchildren of the Partizans would rather cover up something so gruesome as the Bleiburg tragedy, then admitting it fully and freeing them selves and their subconscious from crimes that were done two generations before them by somebody else.
	www.croatianworld.net /Letters/6203.htm (2691 words)

	Franjo Tudjman Encyclopedia Articles @ Karrnet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The highest figures appear to have been propagated and used for various reasons: a general exaggeration of the Yugoslavian death toll was likely motivated by the desire of the new government to receive larger war reparations, and later on the same numbers were used to portray the Ustaše as ultimately negative.
		Tuđman has later, emulating Francisco Franco, expressed a desire to disinter the remains of Ustaše, regular Croatian Army and civilians murdered in the Bleiburg massacre and place them in Jasenovac.
		This attempt at disinterment met fierce opposition from what could be termed, loosely, the left and/or non-nationalist part of the political spectrum, including independent satirical newspaper Feral Tribune.
	www.karrnet.com /encyclopedia/Franjo_Tudjman (1882 words)

	Count Nikolai Tolstoy: The Bleiburg Massacres
		Fearful massacres were being perpetrated behind the Yugoslav lines, and there were few who did not anticipate a ghastly fate in the event of capture, regardless of their actions during the chaotic years of occupation and war.
		My impression is that the number of fatalities at Bleiburg itself was not great by comparison with what was happening elsewhere at the time, and may not have amounted to more than a few score.
		However I believe that as historical awareness advances, it will be increasingly appreciated that the annual obsequies are observed in memory of all those Croatian victims who died at the hands of the British and their Communist allies during the dark days of 1945, and not just those who fell in the immediate vicinity.
	www.serendipity.li /hr/bleiburg_massacres.htm (7864 words)

	Croatian View Point, Justice, Peace, Honour, History
		Croatian survivors from 'Bleiburg' expect and deserve an official Allied acknowledgement of the Bleiburg massacres, so that Yugoslav aggression towards Croats in the early 1990s can be interpreted in a just manner.
		In lieu of any official Allied or UN statements about the Bleiburg massacres, it is time that you learned from the history of duplicity perpetrated against your leaders across the socio/political spectrum.
		Cowgill's book is an alleged "private" response to, and denial of, issues raised by Tolstoy's publication entitled, "The Minister and the Massacres" regarding the massacre of Croats on Austrian soil.
	www.croatianviewpoint.com /printables/v_ha_lfb_prn.htm (961 words)

	VoiceofCroatia.net
		Meanwhile, in the southern Austrian town of Bleiburg, thousands of Croats gathered as they do every year to mark one of the atrocities of the last months of the war that is all but forgotten outside Croatia.
		It is a story that ought also to be well known in Britain, because it was largely due to British policies that the terrible events occurred.
		The Croatians gathered at Bleiburg were duly sent back across the border by British forces, on foot or by train.
	voiceofcroatia.net /Bleiburg.htm (654 words)

	The educational encyclopedia, world war II, history of the holocaust: non German crualties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bleiburg massacres as soon as Tito was in power, he set up concentration and slave labor camps throughout the country.
		Katyn forest massacre Polish POWs were shot by the Soviet NKVD on Stalin's orders in May 1940
		Kolyma, the land of gold and death Stalin's prisoners, or "lagerniks" as they were commonly called, referred to the frozen land of Kolyma as a planet, although it physically remained part of Mother Earth
	users.telenet.be /educypedia/education/holocaustnongerman.htm (883 words)

	Studia Croatica: La Tragedia de Bleiburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Both the Croats and the foreign authors have designated these crimes: The Tragedy of Bleiburg, since the chief killings were carried out among the mass of the soldiers and civilian Croat refugees massed outside the city of that name in Austria and on the Slovenian frontier.
		In that place, on the 15th of May, 1945, the British Eighth Army declined the surrender of some 120.000 Croat soldiers, as well as political asylum to an equal number of civilian refugees fleeing from the communists.
		This is signed by the LATIN AMERICAN CROAT INSTITUTE OF CULTURE, which organized this edition in cooperation with the editors and staff of STUDIA CROATICA, a quarterly magazine devoted to political and cultural topics and under the patronage of the same.
	www.studiacroatica.com /libros/tragedia/tb080401.htm (525 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Chetniks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To this end, ÄujiÄ's troops collaborated with Italians, who had an sizeable population in Dalmatia, which was later expelled by Tito's Partisans in the Foibe massacres.
		It is also worth noting that Partisans too were involved in numerous war crimes, like the executions of thousands of UstaÅ¡e and Domobran fighters in the Bleiburg massacre, as well as many others.
		This includes the indiscriminate execution of large groups of people in the aftermath of the War, including native Germans from Vojvodina, Italians from Istria, ideological and political opponents, as well as anybody suspected of collaboration with Germans, often without producing any proof.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Chetniks (2841 words)

	End of World War II in Europe - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In May and June 1945 thousands of refugees from Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union were rounded up by the Western Allies in Austria and handed over to the Soviets and the Yugoslavs in Operation Keelhaul.
		The Soviets and the Yugoslavs executed or deported many of them (an example being the Bleiburg massacre).
		Also defeated Finland and neutral Sweden felt compelled to extradite Ingrian and Baltic refugees in a similar manner, some of whom committed suicide before the extradition.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe (1573 words)

	Katyn Forest Massacre: Links page for Katyn on the Web
		The Katyn Memorial Wall at the Electronic Museum- their listing of the Katyn Massacre names now includes the names of victims from the three camps: Kozielsk, Ostaszkow and Starobielsk.
		Louis R Coatney's, MA thesis; "The Katyn Massacre: an assessment of its significance as a public and historical issue in the United States and Great Britain, 1940-1993"
		Not just a link to the Katyn Massacre in Swedish, but also old maps and prints from VOBAM in Stockholm.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Troy/1791/contacts.html (2132 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Bleiburg massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Bleiburg massacre; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Bleiburg_massacre (812 words)

	Belgrade poised for Milosevic extradition [Free Republic]
		As I understand it, with the exception of the debunked (in my view) Racak massacre, all of the crimes he's charged with occured during NATO's attack, and would not have occured if the armed UN peacekeepers were in Kosovo in March rather than after NATO's attack.
		Of course, if the West had backed the Serbs instead of Slobodan "the Guarator of Stability in the Balkans" Milosevic in 1996, we might not even be having this discussion.
		General Mladich's entire family was massacred by the Ustashas, as he escaped through the windown as a little boy.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b339e2c5c77.htm (8903 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Speaking in Bleiburg, Austria, on 14 May, Ivica Racan honored the memory of and apologized to the thousands of victims of the Bleiburg massacre and subsequent killings at the end of World War II, RFE/RL's South Slavic and Albanian Languages Service reported.
		Under communist rule, the Bleiburg massacre and other atrocities committed by Tito's forces were passed over in silence.
		Coming to grips with the legacy of Bleiburg has been a major theme in postcommunist Croatia's efforts at dealing with the country's recent past.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2002/05/4-See/see-150502.asp (2431 words)

	Josip Broz Tito - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		All western forces were ordered off Yugoslav soil after the end of hostilities in Europe.
		The remaining fascist Ustaša and royalist Četnik troops and their supporters were subject to summary trials and execution en masse, particularly in the so-called Bleiburg massacre.
		Tito became the Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of post-war Yugoslavia.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Josip_Broz (1729 words)

	1999/10/25 11:20 REDISAIGNING THE CROATIAN HISTORY
		The Committee has also spent a considerable part of its budget on printing books about sufferings of Croatian soldiers during the Second World War.
		It is as well involved in keeping up the memory of Bleiburg massacre, by organizing lectures and round table discussions on this event, and an yearly celebration in the Bleiburg filed.
		When reproached for neglecting the research of crimes committed by Ustashas, the Committee answers that this topic has been covered enough during the past 50 years.
	www.aimpress.ch /dyn/trae/archive/data/199910/91025-004-trae-zag.htm (1096 words)

	Croatian World Congress
		The anniversary of the Bleiburg massacre which is on the 15th of May, and the killings of innocent Croatians that ensued after this date in 1945, was remembered on Sunday at the Bleiburg field in southern Austria.
		A commemoration service and wreaths were laid at the place on the Bleiburg field where the first killings were committed (by communist Yugoslav forces).
		The holy mass was led by Father Sebastian Golenic, from the Croatian Catholic Parish in Salzburg, Austria, while the Croatian parliaments lower house speaker Vlatko Pavletic, also addressed the gathering.
	www.crowc.org /english/news/article.asp?id=48 (100 words)

	Chetniks - Wikipedia Light!
		In NDH, Chetniks under comand of Voivoda Đujić in Serbian Krajina region were mostly fighting Ustashe who aimed to exterminate Serbs.
		To this end, his troups collaborated with Italians, who had an ingenious population in Dalmatia, that was later expelled by Tito's Partisans in foiba massacres.
		Still other Chetniks rallied behind Draža Mihailović, a 48 year-old Army officer who had been court-martialed by Nedić and was known to have close ties to Britain.
	godseye.com /wiki/index.php?title=Chetnik (2810 words)

	Wikipedia:Votes for deletion
		Should be deleted anyway because it is just a POV essay.
		Bleiburg massacre by the same user, probably copyright violation.
		While the article could be turned into a real one on the fictional entity from the television show, it probably shouldn't, as it appears only in one episode, and only in a peripheral usage.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/wi/Wikipedia_deletion.html (3117 words)

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