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Blepharospasm Blepharospasm may vary from only a slightly annoying condition to a disabling disorder which interferes with daily activities such a reading, watching television, and driving, Up to two thirds of patients are rendered functionally blind by their blepharospasm. In addition to the frequent coexistence of blepharospasm and dystonia in other body segments, the relatively frequent occurrence of family history of dystonia, essential-type tremor, or both supports the hypothesis that blepharospasm and other forms of dystonia may be genetically related. This is probably due to a reduction in the tonic inhibition of the trigeminal reflex blink circuits as a result of a mild striatal dopamine depletion coupled with an adaptive increase in the drive on the trigeminal sensory-motor blink circuit in response to the facial nerve lesion. www.blepharospasm.org /1999jankovic.html   (4029 words)

Blepharospasm Resource Guide [NEI Health Information] Blepharospasm is an abnormal, involuntary blinking or spasm of the eyelids. Blepharospasm is associated with an abnormal function of the basal ganglion from an unknown cause. Blepharospasm may decrease or cease while a person is sleeping or concentrating on a specific task. www.nei.nih.gov /health/blepha/index.asp   (869 words)

The Neurotoxin Institute Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by excessive involuntary contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscles, leading to repetitive blinking or sustained closure of the eyelids. Blepharospasm may occur alone or it may be accompanied by dystonia of the lower face and jaw (Meige syndrome) or other focal dystonias such as cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (Hallett, 2002). Blepharospasm is chronic, progressive, and frequently disabling, with age of onset typically in the fifth or sixth decade (Hallett, 2002; Defazio and Livrea, 2004). www.neurotoxininstitute.com /chapter_blepharospasm.asp   (3155 words)

Blepharospasm Information on Healthline Blepharospasm is an involuntary closure of the eyelids. Blepharospasm is not caused by a problem with the eyes themselves, but rather with the brain regions controlling the muscles of the eyelids. Blepharospasm often begins with increased frequency of blinking, which may be accompanied by a feeling of irritation in the eyes or "dry eye." It progresses to intermittent, and then sustained, forceful closure of the eyelids. www.healthline.com /galecontent/blepharospasm   (698 words)

Ipsen Limited UK - blepharospasm - your questions answered Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia of the muscles around the eyes and typically affects people aged between 50 and 70. When blepharospasm is associated with spasm of the jaw and mouth (oromandibular dystonia) it is referred to as cranial dystonia (or Meige's syndrome). Blepharospasm is believed to be the result of abnormal functioning of the basal ganglia, deep brain structures involved in the control of movement. www.ipsen.ltd.uk /ipsen_blepharospasm.php   (753 words)

Allergan :: At a Glance Blepharospasm is a localized movement disorder (focal dystonia) that affects the muscles that control eyelid movement. Blepharospasm usually affects both eyelids and can progress to functional blindness (i.e., an inability to open the eyelids for any significant period of time). Approximately 75% of patients with blepharospasm are female and the average age at onset is 56 years.1 Although the exact cause of this disorder is unknown, experts believe that it may be caused by a defect in the basal ganglia-a group of nerve cells in the central nervous system.2 www.allergan.com /site/treat/treat.asp?id=blepharospasm&largeText=   (360 words)

BOTOX® > Consumer Connection > Approved Uses > Blepharospasm   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) Blepharospasm is a disorder of the muscles that control eyelid movement. Approximately 75% of patients with blepharospasm are female and the average age at onset is 56 years.1 Although the exact cause of this disorder is unknown, experts believe that it may be caused by an inappropriate signal in the part of the brain known as the basal ganglia.2 In the early stages of blepharospasm, patients may complain of irritation and discomfort of the eyelids as well as an increase in blinking. www.botox.com /site/consumers/approved_uses/blepharospasm.asp   (415 words)

UNC Ophthalmology - Ocular Oncology Blepharospasm is classified as a localized form of dystonia, or movement disorders. Unlike blepharospasm, which involves only the closing muscles of the eyes, Meige Syndrome may also involve muscle spasms of the mid and lower face, mouth, tongue, throat, neck and sometimes the respiratory system, anyone of which may affect the voice. Early symptoms of blepharospasm may be occasional increased winking, blinking or squinting of one or both eyes, or simply an increasing difficulty in keeping the eyes open. www.med.unc.edu /ophth/Blepharospasm.shtml   (634 words)

North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society-Committees Often blepharospasm begins with excessive reflex blinking and is worsened by bright lights, fatigue, or emotional tension. A blepharospasm patient with apraxia will typically have spasms closing the eyelids and then, after the spasm stops, still have difficulty re-opening the eyelids. Just as blepharospasm reflects a problem in the part of the brain responsible for closing the eyelids, apraxia is caused by a problem with the part of the brain responsible for opening the eyelids. www.nanosweb.org /patient_info/brochures/beb.asp   (675 words)

Blepharospasm Her condition may be blepharospasm, a progressive neurological disorder characterized by contractions and spasms of the eyelid muscles. Blepharospasm is thought to be a result of miscommunication between the brain and the eyelid muscles. Blepharospasm usually begins with occasional eye blinking and twitching, and progresses into recurrent forceful closure of the eyelids. www.midwesteyecare.com /talkinghealth/owhq&a24.htm   (271 words)

Patient Education: Blepharospasm Blepharospasm is seldom an isolated condition; this form of dystonia is often associated with dystonia in other facial, jaw, or neck muscles leading to "cranial-cervical dystonia". Blepharospasm may vary in severity from only a slightly annoying or embarrassing condition to a disabling disorder that may render the patient functionally blind and interfere with daily activities such as reading, watching television, and driving. Familial blepharospasm is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and relates to a novel unassigned gene. www.bcm.edu /neurol/jankovic/educ_blepharospasm.htm   (755 words)

Blepharospasm Blepharospasm is a common term for conditions that are medically known as Benign Essential Blepharospasm and Essential Blepharospasm. A blepharospasm is defined as "a chronic, unremitting, bilateral, variably progressive dysfunction of the nerve that controls the muscles around the eye." It manifests itself as an uncontrollable, forcible closure of the eyelids. Yes, blepharospasms are classified by their severity and the extent of the face that is affected. www.steen-hall.com /bspasm.html   (523 words)

Blepharospasm: That Blinkety-Blink Movement Disorder Blepharospasm and Meige syndrome are forms of dystonia, a sub-grouping within the overall range of Blepharospasm does not appear to be an insurmountable barrier for people whose job is to appear in public, The diagnosis of blepharospasm is based mainly on its appearance. www.cordingleyneurology.com /blepharospasm.html   (707 words)

BEBRF Blepharospasm Pages - dystonia, blepharospasm, Meige syndrome, publications, botulinum toxin, dry eye, blefro, ... The term blepharospasm ['blef-a-ro-spaz-m] can be applied to any abnormal blinking or eyelid tic or twitch resulting from any cause, ranging from dry eyes to Tourette's syndrome to tardive dyskinesia. Blepharospasm is thought to be due to abnormal functioning of the basal ganglia which are situated at the base of the brain. Functionally impaired patients with blepharospasm who have not tolerated or responded well to medication or botulinum toxin are candidates for surgical therapy. www.blepharospasm.org   (1226 words)

Encyclopedia - Blepharospasm A blepharospasm is a chronic, continuous, involuntary blinking or forcible closure of the eyelids. Blepharospasm should not be confused with ptosis, which is drooping of the eyelids caused by weakness or paralysis of a muscle in the upper eyelid. Mild cases of blepharospasm are sometimes treated with medications. www.visionrx.com /library/enc/enc_blepharospasm.asp   (357 words)

The Dystonia Society - About Dystonia - Types of dystonia - Blepharospasm Blepharospasm is believed to be the result of abnormal functioning of the basal ganglia, a small area deep within the brain which is involved in the control of movement. Learning about blepharospasm and talking to others who have the condition may help you come to terms with it and find the best way to manage your condition. A brief explanation of blepharospasm to others may not only help them to understand your condition, but also, in turn, help you to cope with it. www.dystonia.org.uk /about-dystonia-page7536.html   (739 words)

blepharospasm Blepharospasm is also called “benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm”. In the United States and Canada, the injection of Oculinum (botulinum toxin, or Botox¨) into the muscles of the eyelids is an approved treatment for blepharospasm. Myectomy, a surgical procedure to remove some of the muscles and nerves of the eyelids, is also a possible treatment option. www.caridon.com /blepharospasm.html   (285 words)

Genetics of blepharospasm First of all, it has to be accepted that blepharospasm is a form of focal dystonia. For example, a patient with blepharospasm might well have another relative with blepharospasm or a relative with a different focal dystonia such as spasmodic torticollis. Hence, should you have blepharospasm, there is only a 1 in 20 chance for each of your children that they will have a focal dystonia like blepharospasm. www.blepharospasm.org /genetics.html   (507 words)

eMedicine - Blepharospasm, Benign Essential : Article by Robert H Graham, MD   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) Little progress was made in the diagnosis or treatment of blepharospasm until the early 20th century, when Henry Meige (pronounced "mehzh"), a French neurologist, described a patient with eyelid and midface spasms, spasm facial median, a disorder now known as Meige syndrome. The prevalence of blepharospasm in the general population is approximately 5 in 100,000. Ortisi E, Henderson HW, Bunce C: Blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: a protocol for titration of botulinum toxin dose to the individual patient and for the management of refractory cases. www.emedicine.com /OPH/topic202.htm   (3553 words)

Eye Advisor 2006.2: Blepharospasm Blepharospasm is forceful, uncontrollable closing of the eyelids. Blepharospasm is quite different from the mild spasms of the lid that sometimes occur with stress, use of caffeine, or insufficient sleep and do not affect vision. In the past, blepharospasm was thought to be a psychiatric problem, but now we know that is not true. www.fairview.org /healthlibrary/content/print_ea_blephspm_oph.htm   (503 words)

Eye Conditions > Blepharospasm -- EyeMDLink.com Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia, which indicates a sustained muscular contraction of an involuntary nature. Blepharospasm usually begins with a gradual onset, often precipitated by eye irritation or emotional stresses. Treatment of blepharospasm usually entails botulinum toxin injections as first line therapy, followed by surgery for only the most intractable cases. www.eyemdlink.com /Condition.asp?ConditionID=77   (427 words)

Blepharospasm, Benign Essential Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a form of dystonia, which is a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by muscle spasms. Benign Essential Blepharospasm is characterized in the early stages by an unusually frequent or forceful blinking of the eyes, as well as occasional short episodes of involuntary eye closure. Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a subtype of dystonia which is a group of neurological disorders characterized by muscle spasms. hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord17.htm   (1564 words)

Blepharospasm, a Treatment Guide for Botulinum Toxin Use - Associated Content   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) Blepharospasms, also known as an uncontrollable eye twitches, are commonly the result of a lack of sleep, excessive caffeine intake or even lack of eye lubrication. Blepharospasms, when left untreated, can result in severe, uncontrollable eye twitching leading to irritation of the cornea and membrane linings of the eyelids. With appropriate treatment, monitoring of symptoms and knowledge of side effects, botulinum toxin may be the ideal treatment in alleviating symptoms and curing the spasms. www.associatedcontent.com /article/32811/blepharospasm_a_treatment_guide_for.html   (512 words)

Facial dystonia, essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm American Family Physician - Find Articles Essential blepharospasm, also termed benign essential blepharospasm, is a progressively debilitating form of cranialcervical dystonia characterized by chronic, forceful spasm of the eyelid protractor muscles, principally the orbicularis oculi. The onset of essential blepharospasm is usually heralded by an increased frequency of blinking. The dystonia progresses to sustained and then forceful lid closure, culminating in uncontrollable eyelid spasm.(3) The course of the disorder fluctuates and is marked by spontaneous remissions and exacerbations. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n6_v43/ai_10996883   (801 words)

Blepharospasm The term blepharospasm, from 'blepharo' (eyelid) and 'spasm' (uncontrolled muscle contraction), is the bilateral, involuntary contractions or tic of the facial muscles. It is important to distinguish benign essential blepharospasm from hemifacial spasm. Benign essential blepharospasm is normally distinguished from less serious disorders and is a focal dystonia (a neurological movement disorder involving involuntary and sustained muscle contractions) of the muscles around the eyes. www.medrounds.org /blepharospasm   (259 words)

Blepharospasm: Eyelid Disorders: Merck Manual Professional Blepharospasm is spasm of muscles around the eye causing involuntary blinking and eye closing. Blepharospasm can occur as a result of other eye diseases, but its cause is most often unknown. Secondary blepharospasm may also occur in people with ocular irritation (eg, trichiasis, corneal foreign body, keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and with systemic neurologic diseases that cause spasm (eg, Parkinson's disease). www.merck.com /mmpe/print/sec09/ch100/ch100c.html   (162 words)

Blepharospasm I am suffering from blepharospasm, also referred to as Meige's syndrome. As a result, I am unable to look at people when they are speaking to me, watch TV or read. Blepharospasm is uncontrollable blinking of the eyelid which makes it appear as if the person is continually winking. healthlink.mcw.edu /article/880000031.html   (771 words)

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm Blepharospasm is a dysfunction of the eyelids showing as involuntary eyelid closure due to spasmodic contractions of eye muscles. Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by chronic intermittent or persistent involuntary eyelid closure due to spasmodic contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscles. Most cases are idiopathic and blepharospasm is generally a life-long disorder. www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab004900.html   (550 words)

BBC - Health - Conditions - Blepharospasm Blepharospasm is an involuntary contraction of one of the muscles that controls the eyelids, causing them to close. Blepharospasm often occurs out of the blue for no specific reason. Blepharospasm can be a side effect of some drugs. www.bbc.co.uk /health/conditions/blepharospasm1.shtml   (344 words)

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