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Topic: Blind mole rat

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	Rat Radar - Rodent Uses Natural 'GPS'
		In a second rectangular maze, the mole rats were tested on their ability to use their internal map along with the magnetic compass to find new shortcuts to a food reward.
		The mole rats lost their way less often under the altered magnetic field when they only had to travel short distances, noted Kimchi, suggesting that they switch to using the Earth's magnetic field as a reference point when navigating over long distances.
		Though she says that the idea that mole rats switch from an internal map to an external reference such as the Earth's magnetic field has been suggested before but not tested.
	www.rense.com /general48/radar.htm (881 words)

	Skadi Forum - Evolving backward (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The blind mole rat -- a fat, furry sausage of a rodent with tiny legs and no eyes visible -- is helping evolutionary biologists figure out how the human lost his tail.
		The blind mole rats use their sharp, protruding incisor teeth to excavate tunnels and to bite off edible plant parts which they store in pantry chambers.
		Blind mole rats are not entirely eyeless, although they certainly look that way from the outside.
	forum.skadi.net /printthread.php?t=30005 (3474 words)

	Naked Mole Rat -- Pictures, Animal Facts, Habitats, Video, Sound, Wallpaper -- National Geographic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Blind mole rats do have tiny eyes, but they are located beneath their skin and fur.
		Though mole rats spend most of their time excavating and foraging in their burrows, they occasionally emerge to search for seeds or other plants.
		Blind mole rats are found primarily in southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and Mediterranean North Africa.
	www3.nationalgeographic.com /animals/mammals/naked-mole-rat.html (359 words)

	Exploring News & Features - Scientist studies bizarre mammals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		More recently he has begun studying the naked mole rat, an animal famous in animal behavior circles because it lives in insect-like colonies organized around single breeding females, or queens.
		When one detects something of potential interest, such as an unfortunate earthworm, then the mole moves its nose quickly to bring one of the central rays into contact, giving it a superior tactile image of the object so it can determine whether it is something good to eat.
		By looking at the development of the mole's nose and brain, he was able to determine that the central appendages get a head start in the development process.
	exploration.vanderbilt.edu /news/news_mammals.htm (1421 words)

	Nevo, E. et al.: Adaptive Radiation of Blind Subterranean Mole Rats: Naming and...
		This volume concerns the evolutionary biology, ecology and systematics of blind subterranean mole rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel, as an evolutionary model of adaptation and speciation.
		The East Mediterranean blind mole-rat is one of about 300 species of mammals that have occupied the unique underground ecotope where they are safe but have to cope with a dark, moist, oxygen-poor and carbon-dioxide-rich atmosphere, where movement is costly, and partners and food are not so easy to be found.
		The authors use the case of the blind mole-rat as a fundamental case study of evolutionary theory to highlight some of the important patterns of adaptive speciation.
	www.euronet.nl /users/backhuys/nead.htm (1180 words)

	Information about Moles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Moles are members of a family of small burrowing insectivores found in Europe, Asia and North and Central America.
		Golden moles are blind, with eyes that remain closed all their lives and which are later covered by fur.
		All moles (other than desmans) use their back paws to push them along, while the forelimbs are digging.
	tim.rawle.org /moles (933 words)

	[No title]
		The mole rats were found to be active less than 25% of the day and exhibited a multiphasic mode of activity, both diurnally and nocturnally.
		TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: The mole rat, Spalax ehrenberghi, is an extreme example of natural visual degeneration in mammals: visual pathways are regressed and incomplete, and the absence of visual cortical potentials or an overt behavioural response to light have led to the conclusion that Spalax is completely blind.
		Considering that the retinogeniculate and retinotectal projections are vestigial, it is highly probable that the optic pathway in moles primarily consists of retinohypothalamic projections, which are devoted to the entrainment of circadian and circannual rhythms.
	www.bioc.rice.edu /~lpsmith/blind.full.ref.txt (4122 words)

	Tsentralno Chernozemny Zapovednik
		Shimmering wisps of this rare feathergrass are punctured by bright purple blossoms of drooping wild sage.
		Blind mole-rats are well adapted for life underground.
		Earthen mounds dot the ground where the blind mole-rats are prevalent.
	www.wild-russia.org /bioregion3/tsent-chern/3_tsen-chern.htm (2824 words)

	How blind mole rats find their way home - Zoology - Brief Article Science News - Find Articles
		The blind mole rat is the first animal found to navigate by combining dead reckoning with a sense of Earth's magnetic field, researchers say.
		The blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi), native to eastern Mediterranean regions, can't rely on the sun.
		To see how mole rats actually use that innate magnetic compass, Kimchi and her colleagues tested the animals in different networks of tubes, one shaped like a wheel with eight spokes and another assembled as a grid.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_7_165/ai_113896711 (366 words)

	Adaptive evolution of small heat shock protein/ alpha B-crystallin promoter activity of the blind subterranean mole ...
		Soluble (lanes 2 and 3) and insoluble (lanes 4 and 5) proteins of the adult mole rat eye; soluble (lanes 6 and 7) and insoluble (lanes 8 and 9) proteins of the newborn mole rat eye.
		The highest activity using the mole rat construct (muscle) and the highest activity using the mouse construct (lens) were given a value of 100.
		Setting the mole rat muscle activity to 100 lowered the heart activity relative to the mouse even though the average luciferase activity of the mole rat construct was actually higher than that of the mouse.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/12/8145 (3205 words)

	Magnetic compass orientation in the blind mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi -- Kimchi and Terkel 204 (4): 751 -- Journal of ...
		Magnetic compass orientation in the blind mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi -- Kimchi and Terkel 204 (4): 751 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		Magnetic compass orientation in the blind mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi
		The blind mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi is a solitary, subterranean rodent
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/204/4/751 (513 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Foul moles and pleasing blots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mole is "a small burrowing mammal with dark velvety fur, a long muzzle, and very small eyes, feeding mainly on worms and grubs," says Concise Oxford English Dictionary.
		Surprisingly, "the blind mole rat is the first animal discovered to navigate by combining dead reckoning with a magnetic compass," one learns from www.sciencenews.org.
		Mole is "a benign growth on the skin that is formed by a cluster of melanocytes (cells that make the pigment melanin)," reassures Dictionary of Cancer Terms on www.cancer.gov.
	www.blonnet.com /2006/08/04/stories/2006080401551100.htm (1088 words)

	Mole rat's magnetic magic revealed - 19 January 2004 - New Scientist
		Blind mole rats have no eyes and spend most of their time burrowing in subterranean tunnels.
		Kimchi, with colleagues at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, revealed the mole rat's abilities by tracking their progress through laboratory mazes while using magnets to vary the external magnetic field.
		And while these creatures simply use the magnetic field to check their direction before setting off on a journey, the mole rat is unique in using it to continually check its progress.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4579 (369 words)

	[No title]
		Zuri, I and Terkel, J. Ontogeny of agonistic behaviour in dispersing blind mole rats (Spalax ehrenbergi).
		Zuri, I., Fishelson, L. and Terkel, J. The morphology and cytology of the nasal cavity and vomeronasal organ of the blind mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi.
		Gazit, I., Terkel, A. and Terkel, J. Breeding and husbandry of the blind mole rat at the Zoology Department, Tel Aviv University.
	www.tau.ac.il /lifesci/departments/zoology/members/terkel/terkel.html (448 words)

	[No title]
		Particular attention is focused on the loss of sight due to life underground and compensation by other communication modalities, and to respiratory adaptations to life in the hypoxic- hypercapnic underground environment.
		Mole rats become a promising genetic resource for hypoxic genes and biological clock genes (see list of publications of Prof.
		Circadian genes in a blind subterranean mammal II: conservation and uniqueness of the three Period homologs in the blind subterranean mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies.
	research.haifa.ac.il /~evolut/html/html_eng/3-1.html (361 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although as their name indicates, Naked Mole Rat do not have fur, they are not completely hairless.
		When a group of mole rats find a large tuber (sometimes more than a foot in diameter) in the wild, they generally bore through it, eating mainly the interior flesh while leaving the thin epidermis intact.
		Naked Mole Rats live in an extensive and complex burrow system which is organized a lot like termite mounds.
	www.szgdocent.org /tt/notes/NakedMoleRats_InfoA.doc (963 words)

	Working underground: Respiratory adaptations in the blind mole rat -- Widmer et al. 94 (5): 2062 -- Proceedings of ...
		suborder as the mole rat (Myomorpha) and is relatively tolerant
		To compare mole rats to white rats, the latter were diet-controlled to ensure that all animals were of similar body mass during
		rats are reported in the mole rat graph as a dashed line.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/5/2062 (3920 words)

	Blind, naked mole-rats not the inbreeders biologists once thought
		At face value, blind naked mole-rats appear to be poster rodents for generations of inbreeding.
		The findings strongly indicate that blind naked mole-rats leave their natal, or birth, colony, and seek new partners with whom to breed.
		Braude's discovery is all the more interesting because blind naked mole-rats are eusocial -- they are the only vertebrate species known to have, like bees,ants wasps and termites, a queen, worker-breeder hierarchy.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-06/WUiS-Bnmn-0506100.php (848 words)

	ScienceDaily: Mole-Rat Methuselahs Push Evolutionary Theory Of Aging
		Blind, Naked Mole-Rats Not The Inbreeders Biologists Once Thought (June 8, 2000) -- At face value, blind naked mole-rats appear to be poster rodents for generations of inbreeding.
		Mole (animal) -- Moles are members of the family (Talpidae) of mammals in the order Insectivora that live underground, burrowing holes.
		Brown Rat -- The Brown Rat or Norway Rat is one of the best-known and common rats, and also one of the largest.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/11/021107074111.htm (2254 words)

	Abstracts for Dr. Mann's Publications
		The pattern of growth in Allied rats is similar to that of laboratory rats and probably to those in other murids.
		Summary: The hypothesis that the somatosensory system in the naturally blind subterranean rodent Spalax ehrenbergi (=mole rat) is enlarged was tested by measuring the volume of somatosensory cortex and somatosensory thalamic nuclei (Nuclei ventalis posteromedialis and posterolateralis).
		On average, the somatosensory cortex is 1.7 times larger and the thalamic nuclei are 1.3 times largers in the blind mole rat than in the sighted laboratory rat if different body weights are taken into consideration.
	www.unmc.edu /dept/physiology/index.cfm?CONREF=18 (966 words)

	Synthstuff - music, photography and more...: Mole Rats
		Now some other people have found that the Mole Rat has a remarkable way to navigate through its tunnel warrens — the Earth's Magnetic Field.
		The blind mole rat continually monitors its direction using the Earth's magnetic field when it makes long underground journeys, new research has revealed.
		We found that the mole rats used the external reference of the Earth's magnetic field as an additional tool,” says Tali Kimchi, at Tel Aviv University, Israel.
	www.synthstuff.com /mt/archives/individual/2006/01/mole_rats.html (336 words)

	Mole Mammal, Mole Mammal info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After 40 years' burrowing, Mole Man of Hackney is ordered to stop Paul Lewis, Tuesday August 8, 2006, The Guardian From the outside, the house that stands at 121 Mortimer Road in Hackney, east London, looks no different to the...
		Hum Mole Reproduction 7: 903-911 2002 Nicholson RH, Nicholson AW Molecular characterization of a mouse cDNA encoding Dicer, a ribonuclease III ortholog involved in RNA interference MAMM GENOME 13 (2...
		The mole is an insect-eating mammal, it does not eat roots or bulbs, although it is often blamed for that.
	www.findmole.com /molemammal (1125 words)

	Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: Internal Compass Helps Blind Mole Rat Find Its Way (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Blind mole rats have been observed using both their sense of smell and their balance to navigate over short distances.
		With the new work, the blind mole rat joins the small league of animals—including birds, fish and turtles—that uses an internal compass to read the earth’s magnetic field.
		The mole rat employs the ability only on treks far from home, the researchers note, and updates its position throughout its travels to avoid getting lost.
	www.sciam.com /article.cfm?articleID=000AED48-9301-100C-930183414B7F0000 (406 words)

	Rat Book Titles; "Rats", "Smudge", The Rat : A Perverse Miscellany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The photographs are also wonderfully done, showing the rats in all their playfulness and intelligence.
		Their ideas for training and playing with your pet rat are very inventive, and they definitely worked on my rats.
		A wonderfully informative look at the rodent families from the subterranean blind mole rat to the largest living rodent, the giant capybara of South America.
	www.planet-pets.com /bookrats.htm (1627 words)

	Morris the Tortoise's Wild World of Animals
		Moon rats are native to the lowland regions of Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula.
		Moon Rats look like a cross between an oppossum and a giant white rat, with long white guard hairs and thick ropelike tails.
		Adult Moon Rats may grow to be the size of a large house cat (16 inches long, with an eight inch tail).
	www.angelfire.com /punk2/walktheplank/zoo.html (489 words)

	CarlZimmer.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A striking example of this sort of adaptive conflict can be found in the blind mole rat (superspecies Spalax ehrenbergi), which lives in dark underground tunnels in the Middle East.
		As an embryo, a blind mole rat begins to develop eyes, but they quickly degenerate and get buried in the surrounding tissue.
		The crystallin produced in the blind mole rat’s eyes is still surprisingly similar to the crystallin found in the eyes of other rodents that can still see.
	www.carlzimmer.com /articles/2002/articles_2002_1.html (2689 words)

	Blind Mole Rat information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The trickster rat bastard, Peck Wilson, comes across as a high flying man was infiltrated by a Japanese mole, and that for $10 million, the...
		Blind Mole Rat, on the other hand, are a totally different experience.
		No matter what kind of Blind Mole Rat you are in the Blind Mole Rat for you can enjoy tremendous amount of Blind Mole Rat with very little time and effort compared to Blind Mole Rat.To find out more about Blind Mole Rat, click here.
	www.uy0.com /topics/mole/blind-mole-rat.html (245 words)

	REALITY Uncovered Article - The World Below
		To overcome the problems involved in navigation without landmarks, the blind mole rat has adapted to navigating by relying on the Earth’s geomagnetic field.
		The naked mole rats, also subterranean life forms, have adapted to such an environment in various way as well.
		Furthermore, as displayed by the blind mole rat, it is very possible that the evolutionary process could instill a much stronger sense in these life forms of the earth’s geomagnetic field.
	www.realityuncovered.com /world_below.shtml (2695 words)

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