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Topic: Bloc voting

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	Bloc voting - Electowiki
		Bloc voting (or block voting) (also called Plurality-at-large) refers to a class of voting systems which can be used to elect several representatives from a single constituency.
		In first past the post bloc voting, each voter places n Xs on the ballot paper, where n is the number of candidates to be elected.
		It was used in the Australian Senate from 1901 to 1948 (from 1918, this was preferential bloc voting), is widely used for local elections in the United Kingdom and is often used to elect the boards of directors of corporations.
	wiki.electorama.com /wiki/Bloc_voting (473 words)

	IS I-VOTING I-LLEGAL?
		No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision in a manner which results in a denial or abridgement of the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color...
		Racial bloc voting: the minority group must be politically cohesive (tend to vote alike) and the white majority must usually vote as a bloc sufficient to defeat the minority's preferred candidate.
		Vote dilution requires evidence of compactness and racial bloc voting, which is not present in all jurisdictions.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/dltr/articles/2003dltr0013.html (2876 words)

	Table of voting systems by nation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All candidates run on a single ballot in the general election; if a candidate receives a majority of the vote, he or she is automatically elected.
		Independent candidates need to gather votes equal to the total number of votes cast in the constituency divided by the number of local seats.
		Much of the data regarding which voting system is used is drawn from this 2002 report from the Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Table_of_voting_systems_by_nation (482 words)

	Derek Gatherer: Comparison of Eurovision Song Contest Simulation with Actual Results Reveals Shifting Patterns of ...
		If voting is really on the artistic merit of the song, then over a long period of time any country's vote should approximate to a random distribution among the other countries, as songs will vary in quality from year to year and country to country.
		In 1999 and 2002 the bloc vote of the Viking Empire contributed substantially to the victory of Viking Empire bloc members but, unlike in 2003 and 2005, was not the crucial factor.
		If the only criterion for voting was musical excellence, and each country was equally endowed with talented songwriters, and the voters of each country were not severely differentiated with respect to their judgement of quality, then over a sufficiently long period of time the results of the contest would approximate to random.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /9/2/1.html (7277 words)

	Prentice Hall Documents Library: Thornburg v. Gingles (1986)
		The relevance of the existence of racial bloc voting to a vote dilution claim is twofold: to ascertain whether minority group members constitute a politically cohesive unit and to determine whether whites vote sufficiently as a bloc usually to defeat the minority's preferred candidate.
		Because loss of political power through vote dilution is distinct from the mere inability to win a particular election, a pattern of racial bloc voting that extends over a period of time is more probative of a claim that a district experiences significant polarization than are the results of a single election.
		Bloc voting by fls tends to prove that the fl community is politically cohesive, that is, it shows that fls prefer certain candidates whom they could elect in a single-member, fl majority district.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/dye4/medialib/docs/thorn.htm (16144 words)

	AllRefer.com - bloc, parliamentary (Political Science: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		bloc, parliamentary [Fr.,=block], group of legislators formed to support special interests.
		A bloc may form because of a specific issue and dissolve when that issue has been resolved, or it may have a more permanent character, based on a more general interest.
		saw the development of bloc voting by groups of states in the General Assembly of the United Nations.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/bloc-par.html (190 words)

	Southern Regional Council - Voting Rights HelpNet - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A minority vote dilution practice that diminishes the ability of minority voters to elect representatives of their choice to office by separating the minority population in the redistricting process into two or more districts each with insufficient minority population to constitute an electoral majority.
		A form of modified at-large voting in which each voter gets fewer votes to cast than there are seats to be filled; the effect is to prevent the majority from capturing all the seats and to allow the minority to elect some of its candidates.
		Also called "single transferable vote," preference voting is a form of limited voting in which voters have one vote, but can maximize the strenght of their vote by ranking candidates in order of preference.
	www.southerncouncil.org /helpnet/glossary (1794 words)

	Bloc voting for Alberta Tory leader threatens grassroots power: expert
		Unions, a coalition of First Nations groups, and even another provincial party are encouraging members to vote for their preferred candidate in the Progressive Conservative leadership race to replace Ralph Klein, who retired in August.
		Alberta's Aboriginal Affairs Minister Pearl Calahasen says voting as a bloc is important for the province's First Nations community.
		Some unions are also encouraging bloc voting as well, even though the Tories have often been criticized by some in the labour movement.
	www.cbc.ca /canada/calgary/story/2006/10/11/blockvoting-election.html (1429 words)

	parliamentary bloc - Encyclopedia.com
		A bloc may form because of a specific issue and dissolve when that issue has been resolved, or it may have a more permanent character, based on a more general interest.
		saw the development of bloc voting by groups of states in the General Assembly of the United Nations.
		Analysis: Reformist candidates in Iran hoping to be victorious in parliamentary elections; younger Iranians are key voting bloc
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-bloc-par.html (445 words)

	Park Alumni Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The current temporary officers of the Park Alumni Society have decided the PAS Voting Board should be elected with a multi-winner bloc vote race.
		Bloc voting is a method of voting that allows each voter to vote for up to X number of candidates.
		Ranked voting is a method of voting that allows each voter to cast a more nuanced vote than simply voting for their ”top ranked” candidate, as is the case in most elections.
	www.parkscholars.org /voting.php (634 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : Statement of ACLU President Nadine Strossen Submitted to the Subcommittee on the ...
		Under the previous system, school board elections were non-partisan, multi-seat contests decided by plurality vote, which allowed minority voters the opportunity to "bullet vote," or concentrate their votes on one or two candidates and elect them to office.
		Although fls were a majority of the voting age population in all three districts, the district court held the state failed to carry its burden of proof that the reductions in fl voting age population from the benchmark plan would not "decrease minority voters' opportunities to elect candidates of choice."
		Litigating voting rights cases is particularly expensive because expert witnesses are needed to present demographic evidence, analyze and present statistical evidence of racial bloc voting, and testify about the "totality of circumstances" surrounding racial discrimination in the jurisdiction.
	www.aclu.org /votingrights/gen/24418leg20060308.html (5667 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : The Case for Extending and Amending the Voting Rights Act - Introduction and Summary
		The ACLU's Voting Rights Project has worked to protect the gains in political participation won by racial and language minorities since passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, and is working to renew and restore these rights in three crucial sections of the VRA set to expire in 2007.
		This report discusses the involvement of the ACLU Voting Rights Project in 293 cases brought in 31 states since June 1982, the date of the last extension of the special provisions of the Voting Rights Act, challenging discrimination in voting and failure to comply with federal and state election laws.
		Racially Polarized Voting in Tennessee: 1993-1994 A three-judge court found that in West Tennessee there is "a high level of white bloc voting which usually enables the majority to defeat the fl community's candidate of choice," and that racial polarization is so extreme that "fl candidates cannot expect to succeed in majority-white districts."(22)
	www.aclu.org /votingrights/gen/24393res20060306.html (1496 words)

	President's Book Part B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are two approved methods for voting on candidates: (l) The traditional procedure, where candidates are discussed and voted on individually and (2) the bloc-voting procedure where candidates are voted on in groups.
		All groups or individuals must be elected by at least a three-fourths affirmative vote of the active members present and voting affirmatively or negatively, so long as the affirmative vote is a majority of the total active membership of the chapter.
		Voting in order of class rank is the traditional method; however, other orders may be used.
	www.tbp.org /Chapters/Resources/PresidentsBook/PBB/PBBIII.cfm (647 words)

	[No title]
		The case at bar, for example, involves the voting patterns of the majority (loosely termed "white") and the specific minority symbolized by the plaintiffs (loosely termed "Hispanics").
		Concededly, this taxonomy is imprecise; for example, not all people who are considered "Hispanic" necessarily consider themselves "non-white." To that extent, then, the phrase "white bloc voting," though used repeatedly throughout the decided cases, may be somewhat inaccurate or even slightly misleading.
		But evidence exhumed from "white only" elections may still be relevant in assessing the totality of the circumstances in a vote dilution case, especially if it tends to rebut the evidence of cohesion or white bloc voting extracted from "mixed" elections.
	www.law.emory.edu /1circuit/dec95/95-1581.01a_fn.html (1098 words)

	dallasobserver.com \| \| News \| Cell-bloc Voting \| 2003-12-18 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Texas is one of five states now being targeted by the Right to Vote Campaign, a national collaboration of eight civil rights organizations that have come together to "end the disenfranchisement of felons," says its director, Robin Templeton.
		The legislation, however, died in the House Elections Committee, which was heavily dominated by Republicans, all of whom voted against the bill.
		But Unlock Your Vote's early emphasis, says campaign program coordinator Eva Owens, was directed at changing governmental policy that was seen as an impediment to voter education.
	www.dallasobserver.com /issues/2003-12-18/news.html (1241 words)

	Bloc Voting - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Bloc voting is one tactic that our enemies have used to get control of the United States.
		By bloc voting, I mean a group of people organized in voting together for their interests.
		Our voting should not be tied to one political party- we all know how the Republican Party has sold out whites because it is confident that they have nowhere else to go.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=61890 (495 words)

	DAILY BRUIN ONLINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A second vote could not be cast from a single computer until a five minute period had expired.
		Cohn believes bloc voting is not an issue to be concerned about and said instances of bloc voting have probably decreased because of online polling, which began at UCLA in the 2003 elections.
		When students voted at on-campus polling locations student groups could provide incentives, such as free pizza, in exchange for votes, he said.Another aspect of voting during the 2004 elections that was different in the previous elections was that students were not able to vote between midnight and 7 a.m.
	www.dailybruin.ucla.edu /news/printable.asp?id=30168&date=10/5/2004 (494 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Bloc Voting, Unity, Prayers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With a Catholic candidate for the presidency, the so-called Jewish vote was bound to attract the scrutiny of reporters and the attention of politicians.
		...A rousing vote in favor of something as tried and true as a representative organ for American Jewry was a painless way to affirm those loyalties...
		...In general, Jews will vote for a candidate because he is a Jew only when other things are equal-reputation, party affiliation, and the like-or when they feel they have been slighted politically...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V30I6P74-1.htm (1655 words)

	Al-Muhajabah's Islamic Blogs: the politics of bloc voting
		It should be beyond obvious that voting for the front-runner in a primary election because he's "electable" is not an effective bloc voting strategy.
		The bloc of votes becomes a bloc of delegates to be wooed by the other candidates and then delivered to one of them once that candidate has made the necessary concessions.
		A bloc vote for Howard Dean in the primaries is a one-way ticket to obscurity.
	www.muhajabah.com /islamicblog/archives/veiled4allah/007743.php (2490 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Racial bloc voting may not have dominated the contests of the redistricted Congressmen in 1996, but these elections were a special case.
		Loewen found that racial bloc voting among fls was on average 97% when a fl incumbent was challenged by a white, but only 72% if the incumbent was white and challenged by a fl.
		Racial bloc voting among whites was 93% on average when white incumbents were challenged by fls, but 85% when fl incumbents were challenged by whites.
	wso.williams.edu /~bthomas/thesis/CHAP4.HTM (4671 words)

	ASUCLA News Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A second vote could not be cast from a single computer until a five minute period had expired.
		Cohn believes bloc voting is not an issue to be concerned about and said instances of bloc voting have probably decreased because of online polling, which began at UCLA in the 2003 elections.
		When students voted at on-campus polling locations student groups could provide incentives, such as free pizza, in exchange for votes, he said.Another aspect of voting during the 2004 elections that was different in the previous elections was that students were not able to vote between midnight and 7 a.m.
	www.asucla.ucla.edu /press.asp?doc_id=63 (525 words)

	Young Adults Select 'Wired Networkers' as New Pop Culture Term to Define Their Generation
		With society and news reporters labeling voting blocs to characterize certain groups, Register and Vote 2004 encouraged young adults to get involved in the naming process and decide for themselves how they wanted to be known.
		Register and Vote 2004 seeks to show that interest of any level for an issue is enough of a reason for young people to engage in the political process and vote.
		The Federal Voting Assistance Program provides US citizens worldwide a broad range of non-partisan information and assistance to facilitate their participation in the democratic process, regardless of where they work or live.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105&STORY=/www/story/07-27-2004/0002218836 (700 words)

	ASUCLA News Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Bloc voting is the act of several students joining together to cast identical votes.
		The term usually implies that the votes are being cast by individuals for a certain group, at the same time and at the same voting station, while an individual supervises the votes of group members, preventing them from voting for anyone or anything other than selected candidates or referenda.
		Even with the voting delay policy not in place and the ability to vote at any time available, student groups have expressed little interest in bloc voting.
	www.asucla.ucla.edu /press.asp?doc_id=200 (766 words)

	EDGE - Curriculum - Biology
		In that election, 41 percent of voting-age Americans with disabilities voted, compared to 51 percent of all voting-age Americans.
		As we learned earlier, one factor which creates a voting bloc is that people's common circumstances ininfluence their political beliefs.
		This was the most important group with which people with disabilities said they identified when thinking about politics and voting — more important than their party identification, race or gender.
	www.disabilityhistory.org /dwa/edge/curriculum/gov_contenta6.htm (363 words)

	Sunni Sister: Blahg Blahg Blahg
		Or that voting as an individual would be dangerous to the Muslims, since bloc voting is the greatest thing since sliced bread.
		I do so not in the hope that I might become my own Bloc Vote Mafiosa, but in the hope that I might fill up some time and present you with information you were previously unaware of.
		All I care about when it comes to Muslims voting and who they're voting for is that you're informed about the various special interest groups, and wings, and candidates pandering for your vote.
	www.modernmuslima.com /2004/04/bloc-vote-mafia-and-who-are-your.htm (1086 words)

	Hip Hop Voting Bloc? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A year ago the press was heralding the possibility that a young, progressive and hip hop influenced voting bloc would decide the 2004 presidential election.
		The consensus among the behind the scenes hip hop activists is that, although John Kerry lost, youth voting drive efforts showed the potential of organizing young people around electoral goals and pointed the way forward to a time when the mobilization of new young voters could equal the Christian right’s grassroots efforts.
		If everything goes according to plan, a voting bloc as influential as the religious right, but progressive, could be firmly established.
	www.virtualboricua.org /Docs/vb75.htm (1418 words)

	Haaretz - Israel News - Anti-pullout Likud rebels agree on bloc voting in Knesset (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		MK Gilad Erdan said that the sweeping decision to reject any appointment offers stems from the fact that the members of the group have realized in recent days that the prime minister's associates are taking advantage of the rebels' willingness to iron things out in an effort to split the group up through the appointments.
		The rebels are also keeping their cards close to their chests when it comes to Knesset votes, and have decided that the group will convene and vote ad hoc on any issue on the agenda.
		The group is expected to vote in favor of the 2006 state budget and in support of Ehud Olmert's permanent appointment as finance minister.
	www.haaretzdaily.com /hasen/spages/633294.html (630 words)

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