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Topic: Blockade runners

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	Blockade! The Blockading of the Southern Seaports in the Civil War
		The inception of the blockade was somewhat irregular.
		With a blockade that is purely de facto, on the other hand, knowledge must be obtained on the station, and neutrals have a right to sail for the port and to be warned off on their arrival.
		Whether a blockade is initiated as a blockade by notification or as a blockade de facto, the indispensable condition of its establishment is the presence of a force at the blockaded port.
	www.civilwarhome.com /blockade.htm (5564 words)

	The Blockade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The blockade of Southern ports as first established in the summer of 1861 was full of holes and largely ineffectual.
		Blockade runners countered Northern improvements with innovations of their own, most notably in utilizing specially designed sleek, fast ships that could slip past and outrun the blockaders.
		The blockaders stationed off a certain port would be arrayed in two lines, one close in to the shore and the other several miles out to sea.
	civilwar.bluegrass.net /ShipsBlockadesAndRaiders/theblockade2.html (374 words)

	Blockade
		Originally a blockade by sea was probably nothing more than the equivalent in maritime warfare of a blockade or siege on land in which the army investing the blockaded or besieged place is in actual physical possession of a zone through which it can prevent and forbid ingress and egress.
		Since a blockade is a very serious limitation upon the rights and interests of neutral states, the neutral has a right to demand a certain efficiency in its operations, and a due notice of their beginning and end, before he is bound to recognize it as valid.
		When during the war of secession certain northern officers paroled the crews of blockade runners not to serve again during the war, they were unauthorized, and their prisoners were discharged without condition.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/blockade.htm (3026 words)

	Union blockade Summary
		The Union blockade refers to the naval actions between 1861 and 1865, during the American Civil War, in which the United States Navy maintained a massive effort on the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the Confederate States of America designed to prevent the passage of trade goods, supplies, and arms to and from the Confederacy.
		Blockade runners faced an increasing risk of capture--in 1861 and 1862, one sortie in 9 ended in capture; in 1863 and 1864, one in 3.
		The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron was based at Hampton Roads, Virginia and was tasked with coverage of Virginia and North Carolina.
	www.bookrags.com /Union_blockade (3074 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / THE BLOCKADE THAT FAILED
		Blockade running had become big business and the majority of the contraband was carried in swift iron steamers designed and built in England especially lor the purpose.
		Although the blockade failed in its purpose, which was to prevent matériel of war from reaching the southern Confederates, the Confederate government, from the very first, had reason to be agitated by it—for both the French and British recognized the “legality” of Lincoln’s blockade in October, 1861.
		Such were the men that ran the blockade, and they sailed, appropriately enough, from the ports of the Spanish Main: from Nassau, from Bermuda, from Havana with its moated castle, from steaming Belize in British Honduras, from Tampico on the coastal plain of Mexico, and from Belem and Bahia in Brazil.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1955/5/1955_5_38.shtml (2649 words)

	NCHS - Fort Fisher: Running the Blockade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Blockaders engaging a suspicious vessel had to give proper signals as to the direction of the chase, in order to ensure the vessel's capture.
		For example, if a runner eluded the bar tending line of blockaders, the middle line was to be notified so that it could either stop the runner, or notify the cruiser line of the runner's approach.
		The runner surrendered after a brief chase of ten minutes, during which 13 shots were fired from the Federal gunboats.
	www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us /sections/hs/fisher/blockade.htm (602 words)

	Sabine Pass and Galveston Were Successful Blockade-Running Ports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thereafter, the Sabine blockaders, never more than two ships at a time, were usually of such deep draft that they were forced to anchor five miles beyond the bar.
		During December, 1863, an incoming vessel, the schooner "Rosalee," was trapped by a blockader, and during a 24-hour chase, jettisoned 180 forty-pound kegs of gunpowder overboard in an effort to outdistance its pursuer.
		Marchand, chief of the Galveston blockade fleet, immediately dispatched two gunboats to the Mexican coast with orders to await the return voyage of the "Clarinda" and recapture her.
	www.wtblock.com /wtblockjr/blockade.htm (2343 words)

	Blockade, Civil War History \| aaw_02_package.xml
		With these ideas in mind, the main objectives of the blockade were to prevent desperately needed goods—including war material, manufactured goods, and luxury items—from reaching the South and to stop the exportation of raw cotton to foreign manufacturers.
		Although at first the blockade proved to be porous, it soon began to affect the South.
		The Civil War blockade demonstrated that war was no longer a matter only for soldiers, and that the effects of the war were no longer confined to the battlefield.
	www.bookrags.com /history/blockade-civil-war-aaw-02 (695 words)

	Home Page
		This is a brief overview of the blockade running industry that could be found in Wilmington throughout the course of the war.
		The blockade runners also brought despair to the minds of the residents of the city.
		It was said that 1504 blockade running vessels were captured, stranded or destroyed in the course of the war.
	www.fortunecity.com /millennium/hollyoaks/410/history/blockade.htm (956 words)

	Union blockade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ships that tried to evade the blockade, known as blockade runners, were mostly newly built, high-speed ships with small cargo capacity.
		Blockade station service was the most boring job in the war but also the most attractive in terms of potential financial gain.
		The Gulf Blockading Squadron was a squadron of the United States Navy in the early part of the War, patrolling from Key West to the Mexican border.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Union_blockade (2760 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| America's Civil War \| Father John B. Tabb: Aboard Confederate Blockade Runners
		As she neared the blockading fleet, the fire room hatch was covered, all lights were extinguished, and even the compass was hooded except for a small hole for the helmsman to see through.
		All other blockade runners were privately owned and were so profitable that often one successful trip would more than pay for the loss of a ship.
		She ran the blockade 21 times, with 6,000 to 7,000 cotton bales worth $2 million in gold, and she brought back cargos of equal value.
	historynet.com /acw/blfathertabb (1314 words)

	Blockade runs at Sabine Pass commonplace in Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For the first 18 months of the war, there was no permanent blockade at Sabine Pass, and blockade-runners could set sail in broad daylight with little risk of being captured.
		After the blockade began, blockade-runners sailed after midnight of a moonless, foggy night, but the risk of striking a reef was greatly increased.
		Two Beaumonters who ran the blockade were Otto and Charles H. Ruff, before the war Otto owned a sawmill and a grocery, and Charles was a cotton buyer and owned a saloon.
	www.wtblock.com /WtblockJr/blockade1.htm (613 words)

	Blockade runner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A blockade runner is a ship designed to provide vital supplies to countries or areas blockaded by enemy forces during wartime.
		Notable users of blockade runners include the Confederate States of America and Nazi Germany.
		The term "blockade runner" has also been used by science fiction and fantasy writers for spaceships serving a similar purpose.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blockade_runners (113 words)

	SB Blockade Runners\| The Insiders' Guide® to Wilmington & North Carolina's Southern Coast
		The purpose of the blockade was to cut off supplies to the Confederacy, principally from Great Britain, and curtail the export of cotton to finance the war.
		The blockade, coupled with the Confederacy’s distinct geographical area and organized government, gave basis for Queen Victoria of England to issue a proclamation of neutrality concerning the hostilities between the Government of the United States and the Confederate States of America.
		Because of the blockade, Union ships were allowed to board merchant ships bound for the South and seize the vessels and their cargos as prizes.
	www.insiders.com /wilmington/sb-overview3.htm (839 words)

	North Carolina Office of State Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The wreck of a British bark attempting to run the blockade is also a part of this group.
		Two bar tenders, an ex-blockade runner and an ironclad are part of the military wreck assemblage.
		The majority of the blockade runners were lost when they were stranded along the beach or on inlet shoals and sank in shallow waters.
	www.arch.dcr.state.nc.us /sites/capefear.htm (597 words)

	HyperWar: ULTRA in the Atlantic: U-Boat Operations [Chapter 13]
		With the decryption of the German naval ENIGMA cipher late in 1942, the most reliable and important source of information on blockade runners became available, and by the early part of 1943, when the cipher was read almost currently, decryption intelligence could contribute to the closing of the Atlantic to enemy blockade runners.
		With the approach of the winter season of 1942-1943, an increased tempo of movements by blockade runners, both inbound and outbound, was anticipated.
		The blockade runner's skipper, Captain Hellman, was promptly awarded the Knight's Cross to the Iron Cross, and the arrival of the Osorno with her valuable war cargo was proclaimed throughout the fleet as a great victory.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/ETO/Ultra/SRH-008/SRH008-13.html (7823 words)

	Wrightsville Beach Hotels, The Blockade Runner Beach Resort
		The Blockade Runner is uniquely located on Wrightsville Beach Island, North Carolina's accessible outer-bank.
		The Blockade Runner's Oceanfront offers our guests a "SeaEscape" beach bar with outdoor pool, beach volleyball, sunbathing, surfing, swimming and our oceanfront dining patio.
		The Blockade Runner has 150 smoke-free luxury rooms, 90 on the Oceanfront and 60 on the harbor side.
	www.blockade-runner.com (254 words)

	Fort Morgan and the Battle of Mobile Bay--Reading 1
		The blockade was a crucial part of what the North called the "Anaconda Plan." As its name suggests, this strategy intended to squeeze the Confederacy until it surrendered.
		Blockade running became so important to the South that one historian called it "the lifeline of the Confederacy." Successful blockade-runners helped the South receive much-needed goods, while the ships' crews and owners received rich rewards to compensate for the risks taken.
		It was so vital to the Confederacy that while most of the vessels were privately owned at first, later in the war the state and Confederate governments became co- or full owners of the ships.
	www.cr.nps.gov /NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/73morgan/73facts1.htm (903 words)

	[No title]
		The blockade of open N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) channels by tetrapentylammonium (TPentA) in acutely isolated rat hippocampal neurons was studied using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques.
		The slight drops in RBF in the present control and ETA blockade protocols (Table 2) are in agreement with those previously found for RBF in a control group without any intervention (7).
		The physiological significance of CNG channel blockade by polyamines remains to be determined.
	www.lycos.com /info/blockade.html (662 words)

	Paxman History Pages - The Blockade Runners (World War 2)
		All five blockade runners were completed in 1943 - three conversions being done by Camper and Nicholson and two by Amos and Smith, of Hull - but the operations did not commence until September 1943 when adequate hours of darkness were available.
		The blockade runners proved overall to be successful with their low silhouette and relatively high speeds (certainly amongst the fastest merchant coasters ever built) and if Paxmans had had more time to test and develop their VRB engines, in excess of 400 tons could have been shipped.
		The VRBs fitted in the gunboats, five of which operated as merchant blockade runners, were similar to those in "TARRET" other than they had water cooled exhaust manifolds, manufactured in cupro-nickel.
	www.nelmes.fsnet.co.uk /paxman/blockade.htm (2527 words)

	North Carolina and the Civil War : About - Breaking the Blockade
		With the outbreak of hostilities in 1861, the Federal government placed Union ships, called blockaders, along the east coast to prevent ships from bringing supplies into Confederate ports.
		Four Federal ships blockaded the harbor, but on September 3, 1862, Maffitt charged straight into the port at full steam.
		Her body was recovered the next day, wrapped in a Confederate flag, and buried in Wilmington with full military honors.
	www.ncmuseumofhistory.org /exhibits/civilwar/about_section6b.html (425 words)

	Sandbar spells end of blockade runner
		Confederate blockade runners and federal ships played a game of cat and mouse during the Civil War as the Union attempted to put a stranglehold on exports and imports in the South.
		The Acadia, a blockade runner, was on its way to the mouth of the Brazos River on Feb. 5, 1865, when it hit a sand bar about 10 miles northeast of present day Surfside Beach.
		When Lincoln first declared the blockade, the Union was ill equipped to police ships in and out of ports.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/937995/posts (719 words)

	Dashing Blockade Runner: Captain Thomas J. Lockwood Military Images - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		His brother Robert was also a successful blockade runner in his own right.
		On July 15, 1861, Lockwood received a commission as a Confederate privateer and was given command of the Theodora (formerly Gordon), a sister to the Carolina.
		Once a runner's cargo was unloaded there were a few days' delay while the return cargo was assembled and loaded.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3905/is_200405/ai_n9455551 (939 words)

	Columbiad Press Presents the Dramatic Story of a Union Warship, "Circle of Fire -- The Story of the USS ...
		"Circle of Fire" -- this is the story of the Union Naval blockade of the the South, as witnessed by the officers and crew of the sloop of war, Susquehanna.
		Apart from writing articles and lecturing on the Civil War to various historical groups and societies, he was historical/technical adviser on a CD-rom history of the conflict.
		This is his first book and is the fruit of several years’ research on the steamship Susquehanna and her part in the Union naval blockade of the Southern coast and the various actions the Susquehanna fought in.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2006/7/prweb409857.htm (513 words)

	When Liverpool Was Dixie
		"Blockade Runner" A phrase that lights up the imagination, with visions of tiny merchant vessels creeping past heavily armed gunboats on moonless nights.
		The true blockade runners are the brave men, who, time and again, made the journey through the blockading Northern fleet.
		A great number of the vessels that actually "ran the blockade" were produced here in England.
	www.csa-dixie.com /liverpool_dixie/blockade.htm (609 words)

	Bermuda becomes port of choice for Southern blockade runners - Civil War - The Washington Times, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The rationale was simple: Blockade the ports and strangle the South's economy.
		The Union Navy had fewer than 50 warships and was unable to adequately patrol 3,500 miles of shoreline stretching from the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia all the way to Mexico.
		The solution seemed to be finding neutral ports in the Caribbean, Mexico and the Atlantic as temporary places where these "blockade runners" could be equipped and loaded with goods brought in from Europe and Canada.
	washingtontimes.com /civilwar/20051230-095927-3239r.htm (698 words)

	Shipwrecks of Cape Fear (Tom's Divepage)
		Confederate Blockade Runners (side-paddlewheel steam vessels) ran past the union armada blockading the southern coast during the war.
		When the blockade runners returned to the Cape Fear River area, they were usually carrying arms, boots, clothing, ammunition, and other war essentials for the south.
		After seizing the Peterhoff, the US converted her with gun and cannon, and sent her to blockade duty in the south (from blockade runner to blockade enforcer).
	members.aol.com /fpsndiver/FPSN3.html (4065 words)

	The Blockade Runners by Jules Verne: THINGS ARE NOT WHAT THEY SEEM
		Soon she passed the limit of British seas; there was not a ship in sight; the great ocean route was free; besides, no ship of the Federal marine would have a right to attack her beneath the English flag.
		Followed she might be, and prevented from forcing the blockade, and precisely for this reason had James Playfair sacrificed everything to the speed of his ship, in order not to be pursued.
		Howbeit a careful watch was kept on board, and, in spite of the extreme cold, a man was always in the rigging ready to signal the smallest sail that appeared on the horizon.
	www.classicauthors.net /Classics/Verne/Blockade/Blockade3.html (1768 words)

	Alibris: Blockade
		From her own experience of the blockade and using facts, conversations and impressions collected over many years, Lidiya Ginzburg has created a remarkable...
		In this third book of the six book the Blue and the Gray Series, the presence of spies onboard ship complicates matters for Christy Passford as he attempts to intercept new Confederate gunboats on their way from England to service in the South.
		Next, Christy is sent to investigate Southern blockade runners in Florida's Cedar Keys.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Blockade (848 words)

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