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Topic: Blood proteins

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Blood

Serum

Protein electrophoresis

Nutrient

	Proteins Sugars Nucleotides
		Proteins are one of the three macronutrients, along with fats and carbohydrates, which we get in large amounts from the foods we eat.
		Proteins are large molecules which are made from a chain of amino acids.
		Proteins are sometimes referred to as macromolecular polypeptides because they are very large molecules and because the amino acids of which they are composed are joined by peptide bonds.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /proteins-sugars-nucleotides (1601 words)

	Blood
		Transportation: Blood is responsible for the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
		Blood is also responsible for transporting hormones (which are produced in endocrine glands) to the cells.
		Blood also help to protect against foreign microbes through the action of white blood cells and special blood proteins such as antibodies, interferon, and complement.
	www.etsu.edu /cpah/hsci/forsman/webBLOOD.htm (2728 words)

	Blood Work: Science News Online, March 15, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Spin a vial of blood in a centrifuge, and the red and white blood cells, as well as the disklike platelets responsible for normal clotting, sink to the bottom.
		Blood comes into contact with almost all tissues in the body, and damaged or dying cells regularly dump their contents into the bloodstream.
		One protein that was missing was C-reactive protein, whose elevated presence in the blood may serve as a predictor of heart attacks (SN: 12/7/02, p.
	www.sciencenews.org /20030315/bob9.asp (1776 words)

	Blood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Blood is a highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.
		The cellular constituents are: red blood cells, which carry respiratory gases and give it its red color, white blood cells (leukocytes), which fight disease, and platelets, cell fragments which play an important part in the clotting of the blood.
		Blood (the blood of a lamb) was also the means for antonement of sins for the Jews.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blood (2723 words)

	Proteins Stop Blood-Vessel and Tumor Growth in Mice - National Jewish Medical and Research Center
		Researchers at National Jewish Medical and Research Center report in the March issue of Cancer Research that a pair of promising proteins, known as fibulins 3 and 5, slow the growth of cancer tumors in mice by preventing blood vessels from sprouting.
		The proteins are promising candidates for use in cancer therapy.
		In the past, we have seen that they are depleted in numerous metastatic cancers, and that they inhibit the formation of new blood vessels in cell culture," said William Schiemann, Ph.D., Assistant Professor in the Program in Cell Biology at National Jewish.
	nationaljewish.org /news/y2006/fibulin-mice.aspx (657 words)

	Dracula' Pharmacopeia Harvesting Drug from Blood
		Antibodies are protein molecules that specifically bind to foreign proteins and to microbial and viral invaders; at their best, antibodies deactivate and hold invaders in place, providing a lure to the white blood cells.
		If the protein of interest is a component of the cells (such as hemoglobin from the red blood cells or various clotting proteins from the platelets), then the cells must first be broken up to release the proteins and centrifuged free of debris.
		Protein A, for example, is a bacterially derived protein that binds preferentially to gamma globulin (IgG antibody molecules) and is ideal for use in column chromatographic purification.
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/tcaw/99/sep/dracula.html (2662 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Mass. / Blood proteins might be early warning signs of diabetes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Blood proteins suggesting early artery damage might also be early warning signs of diabetes, researchers say.
		E-selectin is produced by vessel-lining cells, sometimes in response to inflammation, while the two other proteins are produced by those cells and by white blood cells in response to inflammation, said lead author Dr. James Meigs of Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital.
		Blood vessel linings are supposed to be slippery to allow blood to flow smoothly.
	www.boston.com /news/local/massachusetts/articles/2004/04/27/blood_proteins_might_be_early_warning_signs_of_diabetes (518 words)

	Blood
		When a person has an infection, his or her white cell count (the number of cells in a given amount of blood) often is higher than when he or she is well because more white blood cells are being produced or are entering the bloodstream to battle the infection.
		Blood is essential for good health because the body depends on a steady supply of fuel and oxygen to reach its billions of cells.
		Blood also carries carbon dioxide and other waste materials to the lungs, kidneys, and digestive system; from there they are removed from the body.
	kidshealth.org /teen/your_body/body_basics/blood.html (2105 words)

	(Assay Development) Array analyses of human whole blood changes in protein fractions (IVDT archive, Nov 05)
		Since blood proteins are complex and may contain proteins at very low levels, antibody arrays were used in the study to look for the presence of intercellular proteins in blood protein.
		In vitro whole-blood protein changes were studied by comparing samples before and after an overnight incubation at 37°C. While many sample iterations could be and have been compared, we arbitrarily selected these conditions as they might be expected to generate the greatest amount of blood alteration from cell changes and proteases.
		Because of the importance of novel biomarkers to clinical diagnostics and medicine, blood proteins remain at the forefront of human proteomics.
	www.devicelink.com /ivdt/archive/05/11/013.html (3100 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In a systematic search to find the most promising blood proteins for their test, the Hopkins scientists conducted a multicenter study and screened a total of 195 blood samples from two groups of ovarian cancer patients, healthy people, and patients with benign ovarian tumors.
		Then, researchers compared protein profile results in these two groups and ultimately narrowed the search for potential marker candidates to the three proteins, one of which (ITIH4) is commonly found at high levels in ovarian cancer and the other two at lower levels.
		Breast, colon and prostate cancer samples exhibited levels of the three proteins closer to those of normal patients, indicating that the markers are exclusive to ovarian cancer.
	www.medlockconsulting.com /images/Ovarian_Cancer.doc (793 words)

	Record: Researchers find multiple proteins that stick to medical device surfaces
		WUSTL biomedical engineers have found a new role for the blood protein serum amyloid P in the body's response to medical materials, which may help to explain a variety of problems associated with heart-lung bypass, hemodialysis and the use of artificial vascular grafts.
		Blood proteins that adsorb to the surfaces of materials unfold and can be recognized by the body, which then mounts a response against the device.
		Previously, the study of blood proteins on the surfaces of medical devices had been limited by the large number of unique proteins in the blood — greater than 150 — as well as the extremely small amounts of proteins adsorbed on the materials.
	record.wustl.edu /news/page/normal/6035.html (694 words)

	HOPKINS SCIENTISTS USE BLOOD PROTEINS TO DETECT OVARIAN CANCER
		In a systematic search to find the most promising blood proteins for their test, the Hopkins scientists conducted a multicenter study and used protein chip technology to screen a total of 195 blood samples from two groups of ovarian cancer patients, healthy people, and patients with benign ovarian tumors.
		Then, researchers compared protein profile results in these two groups and ultimately narrowed the search for potential marker candidates to the three proteins, one of which (ITIH4) is commonly found at high levels in ovarian cancer and the other two at lower levels.
		Breast, colon and prostate cancer samples exhibited levels of the three proteins closer to those of normal patients, indicating that the markers may be exclusive to ovarian cancer.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /Press_releases/2004/08_15_04.html (922 words)

	Blood
		Two types of blood vessels carry blood throughout our bodies: The arteries carry oxygenated blood (blood that has received oxygen from the lungs) from the heart to the rest of the body.
		Blood also carries carbon dioxide and other waste materials to the lungs, kidneys, and digestive system, from where they are removed from the body.
		In more severe cases of chronic anemia, as well as when a large amount of blood is lost, a child or teen may need a transfusion of red blood cells or whole blood.
	kidshealth.org /parent/general/body_basics/blood.html (2203 words)

	CODE23:Science:Human Blood:SERUM PROTEINS
		Human serum, the fluid portion of the blood that remains after clotting, contains various proteins that have been shown to be under genetic control.
		Many of the serum proteins are polymorphic, occurring as two or more variants with a frequency of not less than 1 percent each in a population.
		Patterns of polymorphic serum protein variants have been used to determine whether twins are identical (as in assessing compatibility for organ transplants) or whether two individuals are related (as in resolving paternity suits).
	www.artcenter.edu /mdp/code23/science/science_hblood_serum.htm (231 words)

	USATODAY.com - Blood proteins might be early warning signs of diabetes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The results stem from blood tests given to 32,826 women who participated in a study of U.S. nurses that began in 1976.
		E-selectin is produced by vessel-lining cells, sometimes in response to inflammation, while the two other proteins are produced by those cells and by white blood cells in response to inflammation, said lead author Dr. James Meigs of Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital.
		Blood vessel linings are supposed to be slippery to allow blood to flow smoothly.
	www.usatoday.com /news/health/2004-04-27-diabetes-research_x.htm (560 words)

	Multi-dimensional Mapping of Human Blood Proteins
		In human blood especially, manyfunctional important peptides are present of which only a fraction has been identified in their primary structure.
		This is mainly due to the unfavourable protein-to-peptide ratio and the short half-life of peptide hormones in the blood.
		In the near future, information about all precursor proteins will be available as a result of the human genome project and the important task will be to identify the processed forms present in blood.
	www.abrf.org /JBT/1998/December98/dec98rcjurgens.html (3401 words)

	How kidneys retain proteins, discard waste
		Normally a small amount of blood protein leaks into the urine via this process and can be resorbed by the kidneys; however, when protein leakage levels go too high, scientists suspect this triggers a series of chain reactions that lead to kidney failure.
		Scientists gave the mice ferritin, a protein often used as an imaging agent because it is easily detected by electron microscopes.
		Miner and others are now working to determine how leakage of blood proteins through the GBM may lead to damage in structures beyond the membrane, potentially initiating a series of chain reactions that lead to kidney failure.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=19184 (765 words)

	New Method to Identify Blood Proteins - National Cancer Institute
		Working at the Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies at NCI-Frederick, Md., the researchers crafted a multi-step procedure for separating blood proteins derived from serum, which is the clear, yellowish liquid that separates out from blood after clotting and does not contain any cells.
		Prior efforts to identify low-abundance proteins were not as successful mainly because separation steps to reduce amounts of large, high-abundance proteins caused a simultaneous loss of the smaller, low-abundance proteins.
		These samples were then injected onto a mass spectrometer to acquire the raw sequence data that was subsequently linked to a human proteomic database to identify the observed molecules.
	www.cancer.gov /newscenter/pressreleases/serumproteome (567 words)

	Insect Salivary Proteins Prevent Blood Clotting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Still other salivary proteins inhibit pathogen-fighting cells like macrophages and lymphocytes, weakening an animal's ability to fight off the viruses.
		The next step, he says, is to develop vaccines against these insect proteins, to reduce the spread of bluetongue viruses.
		The researchers are also studying the role of insect salivary gland proteins from biting flies in spreading another important livestock disease, vesicular stomatitis.
	www.ars.usda.gov /ar/archive/mar98/sali0398.htm?pf=1 (392 words)

	Blood work: scientists seek to identify all the proteins in plasma Science News - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Blood work: scientists seek to identify all the proteins in plasma
		At the time of the book, a barrel of crude off sold for about $13, whereas Starr estimated that the same quantity of whole blood would fetch $20,000--and more than $67,000 if it were processed.
		TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING Spin a vial of blood in a centrifuge, and the red and white blood cells, as well as the disklike platelets responsible for normal clotting, sink to the bottom.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_11_163/ai_99187007 (910 words)

	05.25.2005 - New research provides evidence that Rh proteins act as CO2 gas channels
		Yet, despite the Rh protein's importance in blood transfusion and the problems it can cause between Rh negative mothers and their Rh positive fetuses, its biological role has remained largely unresolved since its discovery 65 years ago.
		Amt proteins are widespread among microbes and plants, which use ammonia as the preferred source of nitrogen, a critical nutrient.
		In addition to being present in red blood cells, Rh proteins are found in a variety of human organs including seminal vesicles and the kidney and brain.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2005/05/25_rhesus.shtml (1176 words)

	ScienceDaily: Hopkins Scientists Use Blood Proteins To Detect Ovarian Cancer
		Protein Patterns May Identify Ovarian Cancer (February 14, 2002) -- Scientists from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) report today, in a special fast-tracked release in The Lancet, that patterns of proteins* found in...
		Blood test -- Blood tests are laboratory tests done on blood to gain an appreciation of disease states and the function of...
		Heat shock protein -- Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a group of proteins the expression of which is increased when the cells are exposed to elevated...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/08/040816085905.htm (2156 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Eating veg 'cuts blood pressure' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Some types of amino acid have been shown to influence blood pressure, for instance arginine has been shown to dilate the blood vessels.
		High blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
		"Having proteins found in vegetables rather than those derived from animals may offer a number of natural benefits for people who are at a high risk of coronary heart disease, stroke or diabetes.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/4595332.stm (380 words)

	New method can detect 'mad cow' proteins in blood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It would also ensure that blood transfusions and organ transplants do not transmit vCJD, and would give researchers their first opportunity to work out how many people may be incubating the disease.
		UTMB neurology professor Claudio Soto, senior author of the study, says that the concentration of infectious prion protein in blood is far too small to be detected by the usual methods but is still enough to spread the disease.
		Successive rounds of PMCA led to the discovery of prions in the blood of 16 of 18 infected hamsters, while no prions were found in blood samples that were taken from 12 healthy control hamsters and subjected to the same treatment.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=12740 (550 words)

	Blood proteins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Blood proteins, also called serum proteins, are proteins found in blood plasma.
		Separating serum proteins by electrophoresis is a valuable diagnostic tool as well as a way to monitor clinical progress.
		60% of blood plasma is made up of the protein albumin, which are major contributors to osmotic pressure of plasma which assists in the transport of lipids and steroid hormones.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blood_proteins (225 words)

	Specific Proteins in Blood May Indicate Lung Cancer
		It has been recognized that specific proteins are often produced and released by cancer cells and/or other cells in the body of a patient who has cancer.
		Researchers recently identified protein “profiles”, or specific proteins, that appear to indicate the presence of lung cancer in patients, as well as distinguish between lung cancer and other conditions.
		The study included blood samples from 24 patients who were newly diagnosed with lung cancer, 24 healthy individuals, and 32 patients with a lung condition known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
	patient.cancerconsultants.com /news.aspx?id=34850 (523 words)

	Are variants in blood proteins in children of survivors indicators of the genetic effects of radiation? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Are variants in blood proteins in children of survivors indicators of the genetic effects of radiation?
		Because DNA mutations in a parental germ cell (egg or sperm) are transferred to all the cells derived from the fertilization involving that germ cell, mutational events that have occurred in parental germ cells can be detected by examining the DNA of children.
		A total of 24,000 children whose parents had been proximally or distally exposed to the A-bombs were examined regarding the rare electrophoretic variants of 30 blood proteins; 10,000 of these children were also screened for the enzyme-deficient variants of nine red cell enzymes.
	www.rerf.jp /eigo/radefx/genetics/bloodpro.htm (698 words)

	New Blood Protein Identification Method, June 4, 2004 Press Release - National Institutes of Health (NIH)
		Together, all of these proteins are known as the serum proteome.
		A wide range of proteins from different cellular compartments was identified.
		The researchers created a publicly available database of the newly identified human blood proteins.
	www.nih.gov /news/pr/jun2004/nci-04.htm (559 words)

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