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Topic: Blowflies

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Calliphoridae

Forensic entomology

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	Decomposition: Blowflies - Family Calliphoridae
		Blowflies often are an attractive blue-green, metallic colour, leading to the common English names, blue-bottles and green-bottles - and the common Australian name, blue-arsed flies.
		Blowflies can pick up faint traces of the odour of decay and can fly up to 20 km from their birth-place in search of a suitable corpse in which to lay their eggs.
		Female blowflies will often use their tongue-like mouthparts to feed on the protein secretions oozing from a corpse, prior to laying their eggs through their pointy ovipositor.
	www.deathonline.net /decomposition/corpse_fauna/flies/blowfly_intro.htm (436 words)

	Blowflies are eating into the profits \| Australian Wool Innovation Limited
		Blowflies are eating into the profits of woolgrowers, and anything that helps get on top of the parasite is welcome.
		Mr Fisken and his farm apprentice are the only labour on the property so they have an acute understanding of the extra work and costs associated with managing blowfly strike.
		Sheep blowflies are estimated to cost woolgrowers more than $280 million a year in lost production and control costs.
	www.wool.com.au /Publications/Beyond_the_Bale/Battling_the_Blowfly_supplement/page__7316.aspx (555 words)

	Stinking Flowers
		The actual triggering mechanism that excites female flesh flies and blowflies (families Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae) to lay their eggs in damp, putrid places, such as fresh feces and carrion, is probably a lot more complicated.
		Generally, blowflies are not as strongly attracted to a carcass that has mummified due to prolonged desiccation in dry weather.
		Depending on the precise stages of blowflies that are found on a carcass or during an autopsy, the forensic entomologist can simply count back to determine the approximate date when the deceased body was available to egg-laying flies.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /ww0602.htm (4997 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Mortimer Abramowitz Gallery of Photomicrography - Blowfly Mouth Parts
		Blowflies belong to the insect family Calliphoridae and resemble the size and appearance of houseflies.
		A variety of sterile blowfly larvae, referred to as surgical maggots, were utilized in World War I to help treat the wounds of injured soldiers and prevent the spread of bacteria.
		A large blowfly larvae infestation in a living host is known as myiasis and may lead to the death of the animal.
	www.olympusmicro.com /galleries/abramowitz/pages/blowflymouthpartssmall.html (196 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Blow-fly
		Blowflies have caught the interest of researchers in a variety of fields, although the large body of literature on calliphorids has been concentrated on solving the problem of myiasis in livestock.
		Most species of blowflies studied thus far are anautogenous; a female requires a substantial amount of protein to develop mature eggs within her ovaries (about 800 µg per pair of ovaries in Phormia regina).
		Blowflies are poikilothermic, which is to say that the rate at which they grow and develop is highly dependent on temperature and species.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Blowfly (852 words)

	Blowfly (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Blowflies are members of the family Calliphoridae of flies.
		The name blowfly comes from the fact that meat infested by their larvae becomes " flyblown ".
		Adult blowflies are occasional pollinator s, being attracted to flower s with a strong odor resembling rotting meat, such as the American pawpaw.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Blowfly.html (163 words)

	blowfly. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Blowflies are about the same size as, and resemble, the housefly; because they are usually metallic blue or green they are also called bluebottle or greenbottle flies.
		The larvae of certain species of blowfly, raised under germ-free conditions and known as surgical, or medicinal, maggots, are used to consume dead and dying tissue and thus promote healing.
		Blowflies are classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Diptera, family Calliphoridae.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bl/blowfly.html (193 words)

	Blowflies (Part 1)
		When an insert is not in place, the blowfly pupae, having made their way to the floor of the house, underneath the nest, would promptly fall through the screen and out of the house.
		If the blowfly have the parasitic wasps then they will have their life cycle in the dying blowfly and will hatch at a later date and these if found will be forwarded on to John Werren in New York for his work with them.
		Blowflies are a type of fly that lay their eggs in birds nests.
	www.bestofbbml.audubon-omaha.org /blowflies.htm (12309 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		In the case of maggots, their location on the body can provide important information because on an uninjured body, blowfly eggs are usually laid at the openings of body orifices and it is in those areas that the emerging maggots start to feed.
		For example, the lack of blowfly larvae on a week-old corpse found outside during the summer months would indicate that the body had been shielded from insect activity for several days and therefore that it had possibly been dumped at that site only recently.
		Although much is already known about the life cycle of the blowfly, there is considerable scope for future morphological, biochemical and molecular research to improve identification and refine estimates of the post mortem interval.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122347 (1617 words)

	Flystrike
		Blowflies can strike wet dirty areas on animals such as dogs, pet rabbits and even cats, especially if they are weak or have dirty matted hair.
		Blowflies favour sheltered areas so move sheep to open more exposed paddocks during high risk periods.
		Blowflies breed in dead carcases as well as on live flesh, so it is very important that all dead animals on the farm are buried or incinerated.
	www.lifestyleblock.co.nz /articles/sheep/19_fly_strike.htm (695 words)

	Sheep blowflies of Victoria
		Calliphora stygia is a large native Australian blowfly with a grey thorax and yellow-brown mottled abdomen.
		It is a "secondary" blowfly which does not initiate strikes.
		This fly is a miniature of Chrysomya rufifacies and is of similar habits; it is rarely involved in flystrike in Victoria.
	www.dpi.vic.gov.au /dpi/nreninf.nsf/LinkView/185D6A4F9AC329C4CA256BCF000BBE895FA46B2D7E0F5E9E4A256DEA00274704 (1435 words)

	PestWeb \| Sheep blowflies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is a yellowish blowfly with a purplish stripe on its abdomen.
		The sheep blowfly problem is a result of the sheep's fleece providing a suitable environment for the blowflies to lay their eggs and complete the larval stages of their life cycle.
		Blowfly maggots developing on sheep can cause a reduced wool clip and a general loss of condition sometimes resulting in the death of the sheep.
	agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au /ento/pestweb/Query1_1.idc?ID=-1234648503 (612 words)

	Nocturnal Oviposition of Blowflies: Julie Spencer @ benecke.com (2003)
		Blowflies are ubiquitous insects and have an ability to disperse, are small in size and have short generation times, therefore, it is hardly surprising that corpses are readily found colonised by insects and that as a corpse ages and the decomposition processes proceed, a different fauna will invade the body.
		Blowflies will lay their eggs in almost any orifice and it has been estimated that as many as 40,000 eggs may be laid on any adult body (Greenberg 1991:566; Sharp 1996:9).
		Blowflies, such as Calliphora, owe their forensic importance to their ability to locate human remains within seconds of death and to oviposit within an hour in favourable conditions (Pounder 1991:469; VanLaerhoven and Anderson 1996; Haskell et al.
	www.benecke.com /julie.html (4616 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Blowflies are detritivore, even necrophagous, because they feed on dead animals.
		The large blue blowflies (or bluebottle flies) in the Calliphoridae family are called " brummer " in German, which means " hummer " for the sound they produce by rapidly beating their wings.
		The presence of blowflies, at a particular stage of their life cycle, on a corpse provides forensics entomologists with valuable clues as to the time of death of the individual.
	www.insectia.com /beta/e/iv_c202036.html (238 words)

	Revista Brasileira de Entomologia - Study of the combined radial post-feeding dispersion of the blowflies Chrysomya ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Blowflies use discrete and ephemeral substrates to feed their larvae.
		The substrates in which blowflies develop are called discrete and ephemeral because they are units separated in space and last a short period of time due to the rapid and successive changes they undergo (Atkinson and Shorrocks 1981).
		Average and standard deviation for burial depth, distance from the arena center and weight of the larvae in all four quadrants of the arena are represented on Table I.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262005000300011&lng=es&nrm=iso (3078 words)

	Australia.Merial.com : Producers : Sheep : Disease Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Areas of skin with constant moisture; the breech and tail areas are most commonly affected, after lesions have been established by primary blowflies.
		blowflies may weaken and kill sheep, reducing the return from sheep raising.
		Blowflies cause parasite worry, weakness, and extensive lesions with bacterial infection.
	au.merial.com /producers/sheep/disease/chrysomyla.html (210 words)

	Blowflies - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Blowflies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bluebottles Calliphora vicina, commonly known as blowfly, lay eggs on rotting flesh.
		Any fly of the genus Calliphora, also known as bluebottle, or of the related genus Lucilia, when it is greenbottle.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Blowflies (96 words)

	Blowflies develop resistance to insecticides \| COSMOS magazine
		In this case, it was found that blowflies had a pre-existing gene, which gave them an inadvertent resistance to a particular insecticide.
		The study, a joint venture of Australian, New Zealand and British researchers, examined blowfly resistance to the insecticides malathion and diazinon.
		Not just a summer annoyance, blowflies are also a serious health problem for sheep, which costs the Australian sheep industry over A$100 million in treatment and loss of stock.
	www.cosmosmagazine.com /node/298 (353 words)

	Johnston's Pest Solutions - The Usual Suspects
		Blowflies and bottle flies are very common and can be found virtually everywhere, including in homes and buildings, especially during the warm summer months.
		Blowflies and bottle flies are scavengers that feed off food, garbage, decaying vegetable matter and dead carcasses.
		Blow flies and bottle flies breed in garbage containers, dumpsters and in feces, and are part of the decomposition process that recycles nutrients back into the soil.
	www.theyrtoast.com /usualsuspects/viewpest.php?id=41 (225 words)

	Hawk Talk
		Blowfly larva= e are obligatory blood-sucking parasites; they rely on blood meals to develop=.
		These blowflies overwinter as adults outside the nest box and lay their eggs in the spring, starting the cycle all over again.
		Blowfly larva= e are obligatory blood-sucking parasites; they rely on blood meals to develo= p.
	www.raptorrep.com /HTArchive/listmsgs02q2/1027619815.html (1195 words)

	Blowflies And Infertility at Health & Wellness
		Our blowflies and infertility web site is expanding quickly so we have not yet managed to give lots of info, but what we have done so far is researched the very best blowflies and infertility sites on the net.
		The cumulative results of our extensive research about blowflies and infertility is accurate as we back it with credible research.
		Secondary, or hairy maggot blowflies (Chrysomyia spp.) are unable to initiate a...
	www.gday-mate.com /infertility/blowflies_and_infertility.htm (336 words)

	Report and papers presented at the seventh FAO Expert Consultation on Fish Technology in Africa. Saly-Mbour, Republic ...
		The losses are mainly due to blowfly and beetle infestation, moulds, bacterial spoilage and fragmentation.
		The observed differences in blowfly oviposition behaviour and larval salt tolerance between those from Africa and the ones from S.E. Asia could be due to the S.E. Asian blowflies having evolved a tolerance to relatively high salt concentration found in S.E. Asian cured fish, which are salted before drying.
		It is worthy noting here that although the blowflies during these trials oviposited in high salt concentrations in the absence of choice, there was total or very high larval mortality in even the lowest salt concentration (6.4% wwb).
	www.fao.org /docrep/008/y9155b/y9155b0a.htm (3834 words)

	Calendrier : Laboratoire de mathématiques appliquées
		Blowflies are a most important parasite of the sheep industry in countries like Australia.
		For the purpose of prevention, control and elimination, it is of interest to investigate both temporal and spatial variations of the blowflies population using mathematical models.
		This talk is concerned with the so-called Nicholson\'s blowflies equations with diffusion.
	www.crm.umontreal.ca /labs/mathappli/fr/sem2005112.html (134 words)

	Control of flies on dairy farms
		The blowfly is a larger fly, and the various species of blowfly have distinctive colouring ranging from green to blue to brown.
		Decaying animal matter is a source of blowflies and it often lies unseen about the farm, either inside buildings or in paddocks or near-by bush.
		Electrified grid traps incorporating an artificial light can trap blowflies, but their ability to lure houseflies and reduce their numbers is limited and depends on location, the size of room, temperature, and other factors.
	www.land.vic.gov.au /dpi/nreninf.nsf/LinkView/7DE0EB86CE9938B8CA256BCF000BBF38B494B54DA7CA01F94A256DEA002753B4 (1287 words)

	The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour - ASAB - Practicals
		For each pair of students, a supply of two or three different insects such as blowflies, cockroaches or cottonstainers; petri dishes each containing one insect to serve as observation chambers; stopwatch; chalk dust.
		Take three or four blowflies in their observation chambers and watch for one to start grooming.
		Return to a blowfly, watch it for 15 min and record the total time it spends grooming.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /~plzasab/pubs/practicals.php (1318 words)

	Common blowflies that strike sheep in NSW, Australia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Calliphora stygia - the Eastern Golden Haired Blowfly - is a native brown blowfly that prefers cooler conditions.
		Calliphora augur, the lesser brown, or blue bodied blowfly is another mostly brown species.
		Chrysomya rufifacies, the green hairy maggot blowfly, is a secondary blowfly species.
	www.agric.nsw.gov.au /reader/sheep-external/dai152.htm (539 words)

	Warning: mysql_query(): Access denied for user: 'nobody@localhost' (Using password: NO) in ...
		Without the early invasion of carrion by blowflies and their preparation of it for the arrival of other arthropods, the processes of putrefaction and decay of corpses would be limited.
		The use of blowfly maggots for the healing of osteomyelitis wounds has been superseded by antibiotics but, when surgical maggots were in vogue, they helped heal large numbers of otherwise intractable lesions.
		Blowflies are also of religious value or recreational use to some races of man.
	www.ento.org.nz /nzentomologist/abstract.php?volume_issue=j7_3&first_page=343 (232 words)

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