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Topic: Blown flap

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	Blown flap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Blown flaps are a powered aerodynamic high-lift device the wings of certain aircraft to improve the low-speed lift during takeoff and landing.
		Even huge flaps could not offset this to any large degree, and as a result many aircraft landed at fairly high speeds, and were noted for accidents as a result.
		Rather than have large flaps, many fighter aircraft of the era used blown flaps, including the F-4 Phantom, some versions of the F-104 and most other aircraft designed in the later half of the 1950s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blown_flaps (954 words)

	Blown flap - TheBestLinks.com - Boeing 767, Fighter aircraft, F-16, Jet engine, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Blown flaps are a type of powered high-lift device used on some aircraft to improve the low-speed lift during takeoff and landing.
		There are ways to improve this through better flap design, modern airliners use complex multi-part flaps for instance, but they tend to add considerable complexity and take up room on the outside of the wing, making them too difficult to use on a fighter.
		Whereas a complex tripple-slotted flap system on a Boeing 767 deliveres a coefficient of lift of about 2.8, external blowing improves this to about 7, an internal blowing to 9.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Blown_flap.html (786 words)

	Venik's Aviation - Aerospace Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The simplest leading-edge flap and so-called plain (trailing-edge) flap is formed by hinging the entire edge of the wing.
		A slotted flap is a hinged trailing-edge which moves aft as well as down on tracks to leave a narrow slot ahead of it; hence double- and triple-slotted.
		A Fowler flap is a complete auxiliary aerofoil mounted on tracks under a fixed trailing-edge; initially it moves aft, to emerge behind the fixed part of the wing, and at the end of its travel it rotates down.
	www.aeronautics.ru /archive/reference/Aerospace_Glossary.htm (2430 words)

	Partners in Freedom
		Unfortunately, Lockheed changed the trailing-edge flap system of the C-5 from a double-slotted configuration to a Fowler flap configuration, and the tests had to be conducted with an outdated flap system.
		In 1967, a full-span 0.057-scale model of the C-5 was tested in the Full-Scale Tunnel to determine the effect of the externally blown flap concept on the aircraft.
		Subsequent work was done with a new flap system that was designed specifically for the blown flap concept by the Langley staff under the leadership of Joseph L. Johnson, Jr.
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /PAIS/Partners/C_5.html (2741 words)

	The Austin Chronicle Features: Snot Flap Manifesto
		It's when one of your nostrils is inhabited by a hard little flap of snot, a relatively wide micro-sheet of half-dried mucous that's joined to the inside of your nose by a bit of softer, wetter, more pliable snot that forms a sort of hinge there.
		And you sniff in, and The Flap flaps in.
		And, after about a dozen attempts at this sniffing-and-blowing combination, during which attempts you've increased the action's force steadily and drastically, trying to dislodge the unwanted obstruction, and which action you can't seem to simply stop because it's gotten, by this point, to be a sort of personal challenge, nothing's changed.
	www.austinchronicle.com /issues/dispatch/2000-06-30/xtra_feature.html (689 words)

	A Pair of Most Unusual Transports : Edwards Air Force Base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		During takeoff and landing, the flaps were extended directly into the engine exhaust, deflecting the jet blast downward for additional lift.
		The flaps were made largely of titanium to resist the intense heat of the jet exhaust, which was also mixed with ambient air to reduce its temperature and load intensities at the flap surfaces.
		When the large, compound flaps were lowered, the jet exhaust would cling to the surface and be deflected downward — the Coanda effect again — in much the same way that water from a faucet follows the curve of a spoon.
	www.edwards.af.mil /moments/docs_html/75-08-26.html (737 words)

	Feasibility Study :: Power-Wing(TM) Comfort-Ride(TM) :: Kenneth Razak
		The blown flap, as a high lift device, has been the subject of research for several decades.
		He, and subsequently N. Akesson and W. Yates considered blown flaps as a means of uniformly dispensing herbicide, insecticide, and fertilizers in agricultural operations.
		Despite all of the promising aspects of blown flaps, these devices have not been employed in practical cases for a variety of reasons.
	www.razak.com /pwcr/feasibility.shtml (939 words)

	Partners in Freedom
		As a result of Langley research on powered high-lift systems for over 35 years, the innovative externally blown flap (EBF) concept had matured to the point that it could be incorporated in the C-17 transport.
		However, no serious consideration was given to the EBF concept initially because of the severe high-temperature impingement on the wing and flap surfaces from the turbojet (no bypass or fan flow) engines used at that time.
		Several major components of the C-17 are made of advanced composites (ailerons, rudders, elevators, vertical and horizontal stabilizers, flap hinge fairings, main landing gear pod panels, and winglets).
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /PAIS/Partners/C_17.html (2742 words)

	Advanced Medium STOL Transport (AMST) YC-14 and YC-15
		McDonnell Douglas used the externally blown flap (EBF) concept with a four-engine configuration and large double-slotted flaps that extended over 75 percent of the total span for the YC-15 proto-types.
		John P. Campbell of NASA Langley had conceived the innovative externally blown flap concept in the mid-1950’s as a relatively simple approach to augment wing lift for low-speed operations.
		Part of the exhaust was directed downward by the flaps while the rest passed through and then downward over the flaps by means of the "Coanda effect" (air turning on the convex side of an aerodynamic surface).
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/aircraft/amst.htm (1638 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		By directing engine exhaust onto large flaps extended into the exhaust stream, the C17 is capable of flying steep approaches at remarkably slow landing speeds.
		The "externally blown flap" or "powered-lift system" enables the airplane to make slow, steep approaches with heavy cargo loads.
		In the flap system, the engine exhaust from pod-mounted engines impinges directly on conventional slotted flaps and is deflected downward to augment the wing lift.
	www.elmendorf.af.mil /3Wing/units/pa/airshow/static_displays/C-17.html (1173 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Twenty-Fourth Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics (2003)
		Studies for BLC hydrofoil using a blown flap, however, have not been reported in the literature, to the authors' knowledge.
		For BLC hydrofoil using a blown flap, which is discussed in the present section, therefore, only k-w model is employed.
		Removing unsteadiness in the flow field is one of the advantages of using BLC for a flapped hydrofoil, because high frequency unsteadiness is a main cause of vibration, noise, and control problems.
	www.nap.edu /books/NI000511/html/698.html (5004 words)

	Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
		Powered Lift and STOL Capability - A key element of the C-17 is the special flap system, first developed by a team of researchers at NASA-Langley in the mid-1950s and later demonstrated on the YC-15 prototype.
		Short TakeOff and Landing (STOL) capability is achieved when the trailing-edge flaps are extended into the exhaust flow from the engines during takeoffs and landings.
		This allows aircraft with "blown flaps" to operate at roughly twice the lift coefficient of that of conventional jet transport aircraft.
	www.theaviationzone.com /factsheets/c17.asp (1705 words)

	High-Lift Aerodynamics, Lift Coefficients, Data
		The maximum lift coefficients of complex wing systems (wings with leading edge slats and one or more flaps), is strongly dependent on the configuration and the design.
		The data have been elaborated from Boeing Aircraft (1973), as reported by Kuethe-Chow (1998).
		Flap angles are in the range 30-60 degs.
	aerodyn.org /HighLift/tables.html (210 words)

	ch8
		The blown flap, which eventually saw application on operational aircraft, proved to be more effective than suction at the leading edge of the wing or flap for increasing lift since it increased circulation at the wing whereas suction just enabled the wing to approach its theoretical maximum lift.
		Contributions to this reduction in speed could be attributed to the addition of short-span trailing-edge flaps (15 knots), blowing on the leading-edge flaps (13 knots), and blowing on the trailing-edge flaps (7 knots).
		The experience gained from all this testing was utilized in designing the blown flap systems used on the F-104 Starfighter and the F-4 Phantom II and in designing the short takeoff and landing (STOL) transport aircraft to come.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-3300/ch8.htm (6963 words)

	NASA - Dryden Technical Report Server
		The wing sweep angle was fixed at e6 deg; and the angle of incidence between the engine and the wing was fixed at 3 deg; and the flap was in the retracted, deflected 35 deg, and deflected 60 deg positions.
		The pressure load obtained by integrating the local pressures on the undersurface of the flap, F sub p was approximately three times greater at the 60 deg flap position than at the 35 deg flap position.
		At the 60 deg flap position, F sub p was between 40 percent and 55 percent of the engine thrust over the measured range of thrust.
	www.nasa.gov /lb/centers/dryden/news/DTRS/1973 (5679 words)

	Powered Lift Systems, Propulsion Aerodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		This can be done through auxiliary pressure (internally or externally blown flaps, augmentor flaps), or by direct use of the jet thrust (vectored thrust), as in Fig.
		Circulation control can be achieved both at the leading edge (with a rotating cylinder) or ar the trailing edge with a similar device, using the so-called Coanda effect (not shown).
		Some current applications include the cargo aircraft C-17 Globemaster (design based on McDonnell-Douglas YC-15), which has externally blown flaps; the Antonov An 72/74 (various versions), that has over-the-wing blowing; the BAe Sea Harrier, that uses vectored thrust.
	aerodyn.org /HighLift/powered.html (221 words)

	Khaleej Times Online
		My wife -who prefers her fish packaged at fancy sushi bars, not flapping at the end of a bloody hook - declined.
		An over-blown flap occurred earlier in the week when she told a pesky reporter from a conservative newspaper to bug off and ‘shove it’.
		This was elevated to a major PR boo-boo by the news media, which is still licking its lips, waiting for the next Heinz spill, as with Nancy’s more than two decades ago.
	www.khaleejtimes.com /DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/opinion/2004/July/opinion_July24.xml§ion=opinion&col= (861 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Twenty-Fourth Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics (2003)
		The present study is concerned with experimental and computational investigation of a jet-controlled high-lift hydrofoil with a flap, i.e., BLC hydrofoil using a blown flap.
		Boundary Layer Control Flow around a Jet- Controlled Hydrofoil with a Flap Experimental and computational conditions, measured and computed Car and Cp, and flow field analysis using CFD results for BLC hydrofoil using a blown flap are described and discussed in this section.
		Flow field alteration is another advantage of employing BLC hydrofoil using a blown flap.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/NI000511/html/698.html (5004 words)

	Warmachines - C-17 Globemaster III
		Externally blown flap system based on McDonnell Douglas YC-15 medium STOL transport prototypes.
		Includes extended flaps in exhaust flow from engines during take-off and landing.
		Design of the C-17A has now become the classical airlifter concept, a large circular-section fuselage, accommodating the flightdeck and pressurized hold, retractable tricycle landing gear, and high-set flying surfaces.
	www.warmachines.50g.com /planes/c-17/c-17_info.htm (378 words)

	RV-List Archive Browser
		Bob, Sounds plausible when you are sitting on the ground engine off or idling, but why should the fuel decide to boil in the heat sleaved lines which are no where near the exhaust system when the fuel is under pressure in them and at maximum flow rate.
		Apply some resistive force to the flaps while they are running to see how quickly the current approaches the 5 amp rating of your fuse.
		Maybe you have a frayed wire that is shorting to ground or you stipped a few extra strands of the wires when stripping off the insulation.
	www.matronics.com /archive/archive-get.cgi?RV-Archive.digest.vol-eu (9162 words)

	POWERED LIFT RESEARCH NEEDS
		The switch from Externally Blown Flaps to more conventional slotted flaps on the C-17, with the attendant reduction in short take off and landing (STOL) performance, illustrates the conflict of varying mission objectives and budget constraints on obtaining that performance.
		The above is written from the background of operations of the Harrier and the development of the V/STOL versions of the Joint Strike Fighter.
		It is anticipated that V/STOL or SSTOL (super STOL) transports, probably using Externally Blown Flap (USB) or Upper Surface Blowing (USB) concepts, will be needed in the future.
	www.aiaa.org /tc/vstol/COE.htm (4025 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Engines on the C-17 are mounted under the wings and large flaps protrude down into the exhaust stream.
		The engine exhaust is forced through the flap and down both sides of the flap, creating significant added lift.
		The externally blown flap system and the full-span leading edge slats enable the C-17 to operate at low approach speeds for short-field landings and for airdrops (Henderson, 1990).
	www.dau.mil /pubs/arq/94arq/text/BATTERSH.TXT (7421 words)

	North American F-100B/F-107
		The nose radome and the chin intake of the interceptor version were, however, to be retained.
		In the meantime, NAA engineers had discovered that low-speed handling properties could be improved and landing speeds lowered by about 30 mph if an inboard blown flap were used for boundary layer control.
		The wing leading edge was similar to that of the F-100A and had automaticaly-actuated slats, but the wing trailing edge was made up entirely of tabbed and slotted flaps.
	home.att.net /~jbaugher1/f100_4.html (2240 words)

	AsiaMedia :: Why First Ladies Are Often First in the Limelight of Political Conventions
		Visiting the Bushes at their Kennebunkport, Me., retreat one summer, my wife and I were invited to go river fishing with Bush senior and an aide.
		My wife — who prefers her fish packaged at fancy sushi bars, not flapping at the end of a bloody hook -- declined.
		My affection for Barbara Bush takes nothing away from my fondness for Kitty Dukakis, whose husband’s White House aspirations were blown away by Barbara’s husband's superior 1988 campaign.
	www.asiamedia.ucla.edu /article.asp?parentid=13211 (1004 words)

	[No title]
		Re-posting, redistribution, inclusion in another work, or any other use of it is strictly prohibited without the express, written permission of the copyright holder, except that it may be posted as part of a review.
		Dave opened his tent flap not really sure what he would see.
		Sarah had taken off her sneakers and reached for the tent flap.
	www.asstr.org /~storyguy/playII5.html (2761 words)

	John Weber's UFO Autobiography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The TV station manager helped me compose a leader to the (video) where I invited those who view (it) to contact me with anything they might wish to share re: ufo sightings etc.
		After about 3 airings through the first week and 1/2 of Jan. '93 a full blown ufo flap unfolded and I monitored sightings reports covering an area ranging from Quesnel,(75 miles to the north), down to the Kamloops region, (180 miles to the south east)!
		I did my best to accomodate people who wanted to talk about things they were apparently witnessing in their own back yards!
	www.unexplainable.net /artman/publish/printer_1342.shtml (338 words)

	McDonnell Douglas: History -- Building for the Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The company continued to build military transports, including the C-17 Globemaster III, which first flew Sept. 15, 1991.
		It had been in development since 1981, and the externally blown flap systems for the C-17 were tested on the YC-15, a short takeoff and landing aircraft.
		The YC-15 had first flown in 1975, but the two models were placed in storage four years later.
	www.boeing.com /history/mdc/future.htm (337 words)

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