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Topic: Blue Nile, Sudan

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	Blue Nile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Blue Nile Falls fed by Lake Tana near the city of Bahar Dar, Ethiopia forms the upstream of the Blue Nile.
		The Blue Nile, along with that of the Atbara to the north, which also flows out of the Ethiopian highlands, were responsible for the annual Nile floods that contributed to the fertility of the Nile Valley and the consequent rise of ancient Egyptian civilization and Egyptian Mythology.
		The Blue Nile is vital to the livelihood of Egypt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blue_Nile (790 words)

	Sudan - MSN Encarta
		Sudan has designated 3.5 percent (2004) of its land as protected areas, but poaching threatens animal populations in these areas and throughout the country.
		The population of Sudan is composed principally of Arabs in the north and fl Africans in the south; many Arabs are of mixed ancestry.
		Sudan’s population is growing at a rate of 2.55 percent (2006) annually.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559614_2/Sudan.html (441 words)

	Sudan. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Nile system provides irrigation for strips of agricultural settlement for much of its course in Sudan and also for the Al Gezira plain, situated between the White Nile and the Blue Nile, just south of their confluence at Khartoum.
		Rainfall diminishes from south to north in Sudan; thus, the south is characterized by swampland (the Sudd region) and woodland, the center by savanna and grassland, and the north by desert and semidesert.
		Sudan was cited by the UN Human Rights Commission for human-rights violations (including alleged widespread slavery and forced labor), condemned for supporting terrorism abroad, and accused by human-rights groups of “ethnic cleansing” in its offensive against the south.
	www.bartleby.com /65/su/Sudan.html (2775 words)

	Sudan
		It is bounded on the north by Egypt; on the east by the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia; on the south by Kenya, Uganda, and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire); and on the west by the Central African Republic, Chad, and Libya.
		Large areas of cultivable land are situated in the region between the Blue Nile and the ‘Aţbarah and between the Blue Nile and the White Nile.
		Sudan’s main opposition parties boycotted December 2000 presidential and legislative elections, criticizing the ongoing state of emergency and the fact that voting would not be held in most southern constituencies.
	www.arab-world-information.com /sudan.htm (5092 words)

	BLUE NILE
		The Blue Nile and the Atbara are subject to heavy seasonal fluctuations in flow as a result of the seasonal rains of the Ethiopian highlands.
		Sudan is currently stymied in development efforts by an ongoing civil war in the South and its ostracism from the world community because of its support of terrorism.
		Sudan is suffering from the same explosive population growth and food needs of its neighbors, and may be expected to need as much as 33 bcm, or 13.5 bcm greater than its 1959 allocation, by 2025.
	www.american.edu /ted/ice/bluenile.htm (4285 words)

	[No title]
		Blue Nile and Nuba Mountains challenge many of the stereotypes of the fifteen year long war, which is typically described as a north-south war, pitting "Arab Muslim" against "the Christian-animist south".
		Blue Nile Province is also significant in that it is agriculturally and minerally rich.
		According to SPLA Commander Majak d'Agoot, Southern Blue Nile, there is an effort on the part of the SPLA to "raise a flag of truce to detractors in the south".
	members.tripod.com /~SudanInfonet/Sie22b98.txt (2876 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . Sudan - The Quick and the Terrible . Facts and Stats \| PBS
		Sudan is the largest country in Africa -- more than one-quarter the size of the United States -- and borders nine other countries, including Egypt, Chad, Kenya and Ethiopia.
		Sudan has an estimated population of 39 million, 52 percent of which are fl, and 39 percent Arab.
		In Sudan, "Arab" is an ethnic and cultural term, typically referring to those who can trace their ancestry to the original inhabitants of the Arabian peninsula and whose mother tongue is Arabic.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/sudan/facts.html (1344 words)

	Maps in the News > Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In ancient times, Sudan was actually a collection of small kingdoms and principalities—until neighboring Egypt invaded and unified the northern part of the country in 1820.
		Sudan has been embroiled in the war for all but ten years since, making it one of the longest-running wars in the world.
		Sudan is home to more than 40 million people—who collectively speak 177 different dialects or languages—living everywhere from cities to jungle tribes.
	utopia.utexas.edu /maps/sudan.html (441 words)

	SUDAN AND HER NEIGHBORS
		This analysis focuses on Sudan’s relations with her neighbors and the impact of those ties on the civil war and Sudan’s political and economic future.
		Sudan’s surprise signing in 2002 of the Machakos Protocol with the SPLA caused some minor irritation in Tripoli, which hoped the Joint Egyptian-Libyan Initiative (JELI), would serve as the basis for bringing the conflict to an end.
		Sudan’s 435-kilometer long border with Uganda has not been an especially important issue as the SPLA or other southern groups of questionable loyalty to Khartoum control most of the territory on the Sudan side.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2003/03/07-03-03/SUDAN.htm (5828 words)

	Ethnologue report for Sudan
		On the border of Blue Nile and Upper Nile provinces, between Yabus and Tombak rivers in the north and Khor Daga in the south.
		Northern Sudan, Dar Fur Province, Dar Masalit and Nyala District, scattered colonies in Dar Fongoro and to the south and east, and Gedaref Region; Geneina, Mistere, and Habila Kajangise.
		Southern Sudan, Torit District, eastern Equatoria Province, east and southeast of the Luluba and the Lokoya.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Sudan (4938 words)

	Blue Nile Forum منتدى النيل الأزرق: Sudan Political History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sudan's new ruler also authorized the burning of lists of pedigrees and books of law and theology because of their association with the old order and because he believed that the former accentuated tribalism at the expense of religious unity.
		Sudan's economy had been all but destroyed during his reign and the population had declined by approximately one-half because of famine, disease, persecution, and warfare.
		In Sudan, the traditional leaders were the sheikhs--of villages, tribes, and districts--in the north and tribal chiefs in the south.
	bluenileforum.blogspot.com /2005/01/sudan-political-history.html (17808 words)

	Sudan's Treasures, Secrets, Riddles & Legends Along the Nile
		From its summit is a commanding view of the Nile and at its foot lies the Temple of Amun, second only in length to the famous Egyptian Karnak Temple.
		On the east bank of the Nile northeast of Shendi, and not far from the Temple of the Sun are the ruins of pyramids, temples and palaces.
		Stories from the past are humbly retold in the national museum, the ethnological museum, the natural history museum and the abundance of ruins in the surrounding area.
	www.niletrip.com /sudan-wonders.html (629 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Africa - SUDAN
		The civil war continued to be driven by competition for control of oil fields in the Upper Nile and Southern Blue Nile regions.
		The European Union continued its dialogue with the authorities and Sudan was voted onto the UN Commission on Human Rights in May. The government condemned the 11 September attacks in the USA and reportedly arrested suspects in Sudan at the request of the US authorities.
		In January, four villages near Guelguk in Southern Blue Nile were reportedly attacked by pro-government forces to displace the population and allow a new oil concession to be developed.
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/afr/sudan!Open (1939 words)

	Welcome to Blue Nile River -- The Major Source of the Lngest River System in the World
		The primary focus of this Website is to raise public awareness concerning the enormous potential of the Blue Nile (Abay) River and its tributaries to the people of Ethiopia.
		The Website is intended as a vehicle for a constructive dialogue on issues of development and utilization of the Blue Nile (Abay) River for purposes of food security, energy, tourism, and environmental protection.
		Originating at the foothills of Mount Gishe, in the highlands of Northwestern Ethiopia, the Blue Nile (Abay) River contributes more than 85% of the total Nile water that passes through the Sudan and Egypt and into the Mediterranean Sea.
	www.bluenileriver.org (334 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - Khartoum, Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sudan’s capital city, Khartoum, translates as “Elephant’s Trunk.” The name describes the shape of the Nile where the Blue and the White Nile Rivers unite to form the single Nile River that flows northward into Egypt.
		The Blue Nile, nearly dry this time of year, flows out of the Ethiopian highlands, where rainfall is more seasonal.
		The Blue Nile swells in the late summer and early fall with rains from the summer monsoons.
	earth.jsc.nasa.gov /EarthObservatory/Khartoum,_Sudan.htm (384 words)

	SudanTribune article : SPLM supporters attack Sudan’s Blue Nile governor in row over peace deal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Supporters of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement pelted Blue Nile state governor Abdelrahman Abumedein with stones at a public rally Saturday evening, forcing him to flee the podium, Khartoum newspapers said.
		But even though rebel fighters were active in Blue Nile state during the war, they will not take part in the referendum but instead enjoy greater autonomy and resources within the continuing Sudan.
		Blue Nile "is a northern, not a southern state and there will be no referendum or negotiation about this," Abumedein crowed to the fury of the crowd.
	www.sudantribune.com /article.php3?id_article=15787 (364 words)

	FAO Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division
		Blue Nile state is located in south-eastern Sudan.
		Approximately 30 percent of the population is non-indigenous, having arrived as migrants working in the mechanized irrigation schemes in the northern part of the state.
		Accurate figures for the numbers of displaced persons within and from Blue Nile state are not available.
	www.fao.org /reliefoperations/app_sudan_nile_en.asp (388 words)

	The Sudan - An Introduction
		Situated in northeast Africa, the Sudan is the largest country on the continent.
		The greatest part of Sudan is vast plain traversed by the northward flowing Nile River and its tributaries.
		The dominating geographical feature of Sudan is the Nile River, formed near Khartoum by the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile Rivers.
	www.africaguide.com /country/sudan (163 words)

	World Tribune.com: Sudan deploys Islamic militias against opposition in South
		CAIRO — Sudan's military continues to send troops, including Islamic militants, for an imminent offensive in the south.
		Officials said Khartoum is amassing forces from the military and pro-government Islamic militias in an effort to recapture a strategic town near the Blue Nile.
		Sudan's military withdrew from the town of Torit last week amid heavy shelling by the rebel Sudanese People's Liberation Army, Middle East Newsline reported.
	www.worldtribune.com /worldtribune/WTARC/2002/af_sudan_09_10.html (282 words)

	Near East Foundation - A Way Out of Relief: Sudan's Blue Nile Project Creates a Model for Services and ...
		With the signing of peace agreements by the Government of Sudan and southern rebels, decades of conflict are at an end and now the people of Sudan can resettle local communities and rebuild their lives.
		This dual approach will give people in Blue Nile State an alternative to continued relief and emergency assistance, equipping them with the tools, technical expertise, and financial assistance required to move towards greater, more sustainable self-reliance for themselves and their communities.
		In short, the Blue Nile Project is a model for service provision and capacity-building in transition states.
	www.neareast.org /main/news/article_pr.aspx?id=510 (902 words)

	CBC News In Depth: Sudan
		Sudan was a collection of independent kingdoms and principalities until 1820 when Egypt conquered the region and united the disparate territories.
		Sudan was under British/Egyptian administration until 1953 when the UK and Egypt agreed to provide for Sudanese self-government.
		Sudan is declared the world's most vulnerable state on a ranking produced by Foreign Policy magazine and the Washington-based Fund for Peace think tank.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/sudan (1769 words)

	Blue Nile, Ethiopia - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		It rises at an altitude of 1,830 m (6,000 ft) in the region of Lake T’ana, in northwestern Ethiopia, flows south and then west in Ethiopia, and follows a northwestern course in Sudan before merging, at Khartoum, with the White Nile to form the Nile proper.
		The Blue Nile, which contributes about two-thirds of the water of the Nile, is known as the Abbai in Ethiopia, where it, in part, flows through a deep gorge.
		About 50 streams, the largest of which is the Little Abbai, or Upper Nile, flow into the lake.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /blue_nile_ethiopia.htm (294 words)

	Blue Nile bursts banks, triggers flooding in Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In its first situation report on the recent floods, OCHA paints a bleak picture, noting that some of the worst affected areas included Sinnar State - about 200 kilometres southeast of Khartoum - where infrastructure was damaged and all small islands along the river were submerged.
		Further, in Kassala State, people were displaced from their homes, while in River Nile State, 13 villages were devastated.
		Meanwhile, the Sudan Red Crescent and the International Federation of the Red Crescent and Red Cross are reported to have already sent assessment teams to Sinja, Atbara and Kassala to look into flood damage in 11 villages in those areas, according to other UN sources.
	www.afrol.com /Headlines/2001_08/09_sud.htm (269 words)

	In Brief
		Until 1997, the Blue Nile State, in eastern Sudan, was a net exporter of grain
		Low rainfall in 2002 only worsened the Blue Nile's humanitarian crisis: the state's harvest was well below normal; poor pasture and lack of water took a devastating toll on livestock; even fishing was hit by the low river levels
		Now, the Blue Nile is once again accessible to WFP and UNICEF, its people urgently rquire as many relief deliveries and interventions as possible over the coming months
	www.wfp.org /newsroom/in_brief/Africa/sudan/030325_sudan_bluenile.html (719 words)

	Sudan: where the Blue Nile meets the White Nile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sudan: where the Blue Nile meets the White Nile
		To the left is a graph showing the population changes for Sudan since 1950 with some projections for the future.
		In many ways the population pyramid of Sudan is similar to Ethiopia's.
	www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk /curric/newgeog/africa/Sudan.htm (117 words)

	UN delivers aid to Southern Blue Nile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The initial intervention was targeting areas controlled by both the government and the rebel Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), the UN agencies said in a joint statement released on Wednesday.
		A total of 72 mt of cereals, pulses and corn soya blend were being delivered on Wednesday, WFP spokeswoman Laura Melo told IRIN.
		Food would be provided to moderately malnourished children over a six-month period, and WFP teams would continue to monitor the situation on the ground, and provide food as needed in the months leading up the next harvest in October 2003.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=32915 (313 words)

	Amnesty International 1999 Annual Report on Sudan (the Republic of the)
		In southern Sudan the government militia calling itself spla Bahr al-Ghazal, led by Kerubino Kuanyin Bol, switched sides to join the spla in January and attacked the garrison town of Wau.
		In January the un Special Rapporteur on Sudan reported that the authorities, security forces and militia were all responsible for a broad range of human rights violations.
		Most incidents were in the war zones of eastern and southern Sudan but in April scores of student conscripts died as hundreds of youths broke out of a military training camp at al-Ayfun near Khartoum.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/aireport/ar99/afr54.htm (2136 words)

	UNICEF - Sudan - Humanitarian action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The UN in Sudan maintains parallel ‘Country Teams’ in the north and south, reflecting the ‘one country, two systems’ formula of the peace agreement.
		Inter-agency sectoral coordination mechanisms in southern Sudan — including UN agencies and local and international NGOs established during Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) — are evolving under the lead of relevant GOSS bodies.
		• Restore or expand learning opportunities to 250,000 primary school-age children in eastern Sudan, Blue Nile, north and south Kordofan, Abyei and Khartoum IDP camps (including 10,000 nomadic children) through the establishment/expansion of school facilities, provision of teaching-learning materials and recreation kits, training of teachers, and strengthening of community planning and management of basic education.
	www.unicef.org /infobycountry/sudan_31454.html?q=printme (1311 words)

	Blue Nile Mashreq Bank. Sudan. Markets. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Blue Nile Mashreg Bank aim is to serve selective customers by designing special products and packages specific to identified segments.
		Above could be easily achieved through our professional, rational, and personalized approach to our target customers by high caliber of employees and professionals committed and dedicated to achieve Blue Nile Mashreg Bank’s goals, and provide our customers with high quality services covering all their banking needs with reasonable cost.
		Our staff was ready all the time to provide necessary support and customized solutions whenever needed by our Valued Customers.
	www.bluemashreg.com /markets.htm (132 words)

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