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	Boabdil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Boabdil (a corruption of the name Abu Abdullah, or, in full, Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad XII, Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني عشر‎) (1460?–1527) was the last Moorish king of Granada (of the Nasrid dynasty).
		In 1489 Boabdil was summoned by Ferdinand and Isabella to surrender the city of Granada, and on his refusal it was besieged by the Castilians.
		Boabdil reined in his horse and surveying for the last time the Alhambra and the green valley that spread below he burst into tears.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boabdil (463 words)

	BOABDIL - LoveToKnow Article on BOABDIL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 149 Boabdil was summoned by Ferdinand and Isabella to surrender the city of Granada, and on his refusal it was besieged by theCastilians.
		January 1492, Granada was surrendered, and the king spent some time on the lands which he was allowed to hold in Andalusia.
		The spot from which Boabdil looked for the last time on Granada is still shown, and is known as the last sigh of the Moor (ci ultimo suspiris del Moro).
	28.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BO/BOABDIL.htm (250 words)

	[No title]
		Boabdil learned the danger from his scouts; and hastily quitting a tower from which he had for a while repulsed a hostile legion, he threw himself into the midst of the battalions menaced by the skilful Ponce de Leon.
		Boabdil, too much engaged to be the first to learn the downfall of the sacred insignia, suddenly saw himself almost alone, with his diminished Ethiopians and a handful of his cavaliers.
		Boabdil, himself still silent, heard the groans and exclamations of his train; he turned to cheer or chide them, and then saw, from his own watch-tower, with the sun shining full upon its pure and dazzling surface, the silver cross of Spain.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext06/b200w10.txt (13976 words)

	Alquería de Morayma. Who was Morayma
		A few days after the wedding, muley Hacen jails his son Boabdil and "brutally separates his young wife from him" confining her to a Carmen (large house with a garden) near the Cuesta del Chapiz.
		Morayma "the only woman Boabdil was Known to have loved", says one chronicler, "the only being who could have made the suffering of his exile bearable", died a few days before leaving the Alpujarras.
		Boabdil ordered the relocation of certains properties to the Alphaqui of Mondújar so that he could pray twice a week on Morayma`s tomb.
	www.alqueriamorayma.com /ingles/who_was_morayma.htm (758 words)

	IslamWeb - Looking Back in Sorrow at Granada's Fate
		Granada's siege was the endgame of the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of Islamic Spain, the last fatal gasp of an 800-year-old civilisation whose story began in 711 AD when a young Arab named Tariq Ibn Ziyad burnt his boats and won one of history's decisive battles against the king of the Visigoths.
		It is ironic that the golden age of Judaism, the age of the philosopher Moses Maimonides and a succession of powerful Jewish viziers in the royal courts of Seville and Cordoba, came at a time when Islam was besieged for three centuries in Spain.
		Boabdil's tears were not just for his lost kingdom or his beautiful hilltop red palace that the French writer Alexandre Dumas said was a "dream petrified in marble and stone".
	www.islamweb.net /ver2/archive/article.php?lang=E&id=36774 (764 words)

	[No title]
		The royal standard was soon descried waving above the pavilion of Boabdil; and the king himself, mounted on his cream-coloured charger, which was covered with trappings of cloth-of-gold, was recognised amongst the infantry, whose task it was to lead the assault.
		The third morning from this interview, a rumour reached Granada that Boabdil had been repulsed in his assault on the citadel of Salobrena with a severe loss; that Hernando del Pulgar had succeeded in conducting to its relief a considerable force; and that the army of Ferdinand was on its march against the Moorish king.
		While Boabdil and the body of the army remained in the city, Muza, with a chosen detachment of the horse, scoured the country to visit the newly- acquired cities, and sustain their courage.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext06/b199w10.txt (9666 words)

	[No title]
		He was no less intimate with Boabdil; but steeled against fellowship or affection for all men out of the pale of his faith, he saw in the confidence of the king only the blindness of a victim.
		The old man found Boabdil in great disorder and excitement; but he almost deemed his sovereign mad, when he received from him the order to seize upon the person of Muza Ben Abil Gazan, and to lodge him in the strongest dungeon of the Vermilion Tower.
		Presuming upon Boabdil's natural mildness, the vizier ventured to remonstrate,--to suggest the danger of laying violent hands upon a chief so beloved,--and to inquire what cause should be assigned for the outrage.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /mirrors/gutenberg/etext06/b196w10.txt (8110 words)

	More Rushdie
		It is, in the novel, the name of two paintings depicting Boabdil's departure; and it is what the novel itself becomes, the long, breathless, terminal narration of the asthmatic Moraes Zogoiby, alias `Moor'.
		Boabdil is elegiac shorthand for a delicate, plural civilisation unable to defend itself against singleminded religion; or rather against the single-minded political use of religion: the spirit of the Catholic Spanish kings of the Counter-Reformation, or the mosque and temple-destroying Hindus and Muslims of a later day.
		Boabdil, remote as he seems in time and space, is an aspect of India as it might have been in this century, and the novel gives him a legendary descendency of Indian Jews, one of whom finally marries an Indian Catholic of (probably also legendary) Portuguese descent.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/lr618/rushdie1.html (2413 words)

	Sculpture 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Only after Boabdil, the last Moorish ruler in Spain, was expelled from Granada did Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to fund Columbus’s proposed westward journey to Asia.
		The story of Boabdil is charmingly told by Washington Irving (who wrote The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, remember?) in Tales of the Alhambra.
		I spurred my horse to the summit of a rock, where Boabdil uttered his last sorrowful exclamation, as he turned his eyes from taking their farewell gaze; it is still denominated el ultimo suspiro del Moro (the last sigh of the Moor).
	www.forgottendelights.com /sculpturemystery/sculpturemonth7.htm (582 words)

	[No title]
		Boabdil started; and in the chamber stood a third person, in the shape of a woman, past middle age, and of commanding port and stature.
		Boabdil lifted his head with a vain and momentary attempt at pride; his eye glanced from his mother to his friend, and his better feelings gushed upon him with irresistible force; he threw himself into Muza's arms.
		Prosecute thine own kingly designs, and--" "Hush, madam," said Boabdil, regaining his customary cold composure; "and since you are now satisfied with your son, leave me alone with Muza." The queen sighed heavily; but there was something in the calm of Boabdil which chilled and awed her more than his bursts of passion.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/9/7/6/9761/9761.txt (17097 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Historical Tales: Spanish by Charles Morris
		To Boabdil were secured all his rich estates and the patrimony of the crown, while he was to receive in addition thirty thousand castellanos in gold.
		At their approach [146] Boabdil left the palace by a postern gate attended by fifty cavaliers, and advanced to meet the grand cardinal, whom, in words of mournful renunciation, he bade to take possession of the royal fortress of the Moors.
		Boabdil pressed the child tenderly to his bosom, and moved on until he had joined his family, from whom and their attendants the shouts and strains of music of the victorious army drew tears and moans.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=morris&book=spanish&story=sigh (1771 words)

	moraima
		He was appointed Alcaide of Loja, Lord of Xagra, Mayor of the Alhambra and Sheriff of the Kingdom of Granada, and, fulfilling his ambitions, he became the King's father-in-law.
		Indeed, his 15-year-old daughter, Moraima, married Boabdil, heir to the throne.Being very rich, he lived poorly, since he invested all his rents in defending the Kingdom.
		So, in October, Boabdil, his mother Fátima, his sister, his sons Ahmed and Yusef, and some friends and servants, left the port of Adra for the coasts of Africa.
	web.jet.es /loxa/english/moraima.htm (680 words)

	Nasrid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		20 different Kings ruled Granada from 1238 to January 2, 1492, when Sultan Boabdil surrendered to the Christian Spanish kingdom.
		The Nasrid dynasty rose to power after the defeat of the Almohad dynasty in 1212 at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
		The Capitulation of Granada by F. Padilla: Boabdil confronts Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nasrid_dynasty (122 words)

	OUSD Core Values > Virtual Museum > Islamic Game > Granada
		You walk to the incredible Alhambra Palace and although you are only allowed into the Mexuar or public area you hear other visitors telling of the labyrinth just beyond.
		He explains that before Boabdil leaves the city he wants a written record of all the Islamic contributions to life in Spain.
		Boabdil is willing to pay you and your friend one gold dinar for all the lasting Islamic influences you can find.
	tlc.ousd.k12.ca.us /~pmates/islam_game/granada2.html (493 words)

	street names
		Boabdil was the last Moorish king to occupy the palace named "The Alhambra" in Granada, Spain.
		His reign lasted only ten years because he was defeated in battle by the forces of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabelle who financed the voyage of Christopher Columbus one year later in 1492.
		Boabdil was captured but set at liberty on condition he become a vassal of Spain.
	www.cityofalhambra.org /community/streets.html (2514 words)

	Etext » books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		His first measure was to confine the prince and his mother in the Tower of Comares; then, calling to mind the prediction of the astrologers, that the youth would one day sit on the throne of Granada, he impiously set the stars at defiance.
		Boabdil had been brought from Guadix by the conspirators, the foremost of whom were the gallant race of the Abencerrages.
		To his surprise and dismay, he found the battlements lined with hostile troops: Aben Comixa, the alcayde, had declared in favor of Boabdil and elevated his standard on the towers: thus cut off from his stronghold, the old monarch was fain to return to the Alixares.
	etext.teamnesbitt.com /books/etext/etext02/cgran10.txt.html (19791 words)

	WHKMLA : Conquest of Granada, 1481-1492
		Young Granadese Emir Boabdil (born 1460) in 1482 invaded Castile and was taken prisoner; he was released (1483) under the condition that the Emirate of Granada would pay tribute to Ferdinand and Isabella.
		Returning, Boabdil hat to confront his father, Mulay Abu Hassan, and his uncle, Abdullah az-Zagal, over the throne; only in 1486 could he resume rule.
		The vital ports of Malaga and Almeria fell in 1487 respectively 1489, and the Kingdom of Granada was reduced to a small stretch of land connecting the city to the coast.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/15cen/granada14911492.html (430 words)

	excerptslions
		The history of the Nasrid reign is perfectly reflected in the lives of the four kings to whom it fell, in pairs, to live respectively the kingdom’s periods of glory and ruin: the father and son Yusuf I and Mohammed V, and the father and son Muley Hacen and Boabdil.
		Ungratefully, Boabdil set about fighting to prevent his father from attempting to regain his lost kingdom, and when the old Sultan abdicated in favour of his brother, Boabdil fought against his uncle too.
		Boabdil had been the honoured guest of the Castilian court during one of the frequent palace upheavals and they knew he would be easy to use as a puppet, to obtain the final surrender of the Alhambra.
	www.vivagranada.com /alhambra/excerpts_lions.htm (738 words)

	The Alhambra by Washington Irving : Arthur's Classic Novels
		It was the strong-hold of that fiery veteran, old Ali Atar, father-in-law of Boabdil; and here it was that the latter collected his troops, and sallied forth on that disastrous foray which ended in the death of the old alcayde and his own captivity.
		The people of Holland adopted them with avidity, as wonderfully suited to their passion for household cleanliness; and thus these Oriental inventions, the azulejos of the Spanish, the az-zulaj of the Arabs, have come to be commonly known as Dutch tiles.
		I HAVE often observed that the more proudly a mansion has been tenanted in the day of its prosperity, the humbler are its inhabitants in the day of its decline, and that the palace of a king commonly ends in being the nestling-place of the beggar.
	members.fortunecity.com /arthursnovels/irving/alhmbr10.html (18325 words)

	Ethnographic Arms & Armour - FLISSA IN PI MUSEUMS?
		Spain was ruled by the Arab Umayyad caliphate in Cordoba, before the state fragmented into smaller sultanates, only to be swallowed by the nascent powers of a united Castile and Leon.
		The last of the Arab rulers of Seville, Abu Abdillah (Boabdil) was driven to the Alpujjaras and later into exile during the time of Ferdinand and Isabella.
		Boabdil, the last Muslim ruler in an Iberian Peninsula territory, was the king of Granada, not Sevilla, but it's OK...
	www.vikingsword.com /vb/printthread.php?t=1189 (481 words)

	Avalanche Press
		With Boabdil in Granada, the Moors add only 2 points to the defensive units (not to mention the problem of Boabdil’s uprising in the next year), while with Boabdil out of the picture, al-Zagal now steps in, raising the Defense Rating of the top two ranked leaders to 5.
		At the same time let’s also give the boot to Ali al-Attar, Boabdil’s only “friend.” We could stack this group together but a more interesting move would be to put Boabdil in Almeria with three cavalry, and Ali al-Attar in Malaga with three cavalry.
		Another good tactic for the Moors is that if they have nothing better to do with their activations, they should put one (or more) of their roving leaders into reserve, which basically makes them invulnerable to an attack on the next turn.
	www.avalanchepress.com /GranadaSieges.php (2578 words)

	The New York Review of Books: Palimpsest Regained
		Thus Granada, Boabdil's lost capital, is also Bombay, "inexhaustible Bombay of excess," the sighed-for home of Moraes as well as of the author over whose person he is written.
		Aurora's paintings project her son into the past as Boabdil; the entire history of India, from mythic times to the present, is absorbed into a great phantasmagoria on the wall of her bedroom.
		Scanning it, her father marvels that she has captured "the great swarm of being itself," but then notes one great lacuna: "God was absent." Through paintings whose only existence, paradoxically, is in words, the darkly prophetic historical imagination of Aurora dominates the book.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/1598 (2705 words)

	The Alhambra, by Washington Irving (part18)
		As I paced the gallery, my imagination pictured the anxious queen leaning over the parapet; listening, with the throbbings of a mother’s heart, to the last echoes of the horses’ hoofs as her son scoured along the narrow valley of the Darro.
		By this via dolorosa poor Boabdil took his sad departure to avoid passing through the city; partly, perhaps, through unwillingness that its inhabitants should behold his humiliation; but chiefly, in all probability, lest it might cause some popular agitation.
		I rode slowly thence across the Vega to a village where the family and household of the unhappy king awaited him, for he had sent them forward on the preceding night from the Alhambra, that his mother and wife might not participate in his personal humiliation, or be exposed to the gaze of the conquerors.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /i/irving/washington/i72a/part18.html (1532 words)

	HOTEL AMANHAVIS -THE SULTAN BOABDIL'S CHAMBER
		At the end of the XV Century, the last reigning Arabic Sultan in Granada was Boabdil.
		A great lover of arts, he surrendered the Alhambra handing it over without war, so that no belligerent act would destroy this magnificent palace.
		You can enjoy the romantic Arabic tower, which has a lovely view of the hotel terrace and swimming pool.
	www.amanhavis.com /english/boabdil.htm (116 words)

	Dar Al Hayat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The new 4 million euro (US$ 4.5 million) facility is the first mosque designed as such to open in Granada since the last Moorish king, Boabdil, rode into exile 511 years ago.
		From a mountain vantage point Boabdil is said to have looked back on the Alhambra one last time, the morning sun shining brightly on its towers and embattlements, and wept.
		Washington Irving, who wrote Tales of the Alhambra, also penned a more factual chronical in which he described King Boabdil's departure with his family and a detachment of cavaliers and their last glimpse of the Alhambra.
	english.daralhayat.com /metro/07-2003/20030710-20030710-4c425c2b-c0a8-01ed-006d-5d9d24204573/story.html (773 words)

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