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	Board of Longitude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Board of Longitude was a British Government body formed in 1714 to solve the problem of finding longitude at sea.
		Harrison thought that he was up to the enormous task presented by the Board of Longitude.
		They were doubtful that the solution to the longitude problem could be obtained by a mechanial means.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Board_of_Longitude (504 words)

	Board
		Board A board may be a: piece of material), milled or sawn flat fibreglass) committee, such as an executive board of di...
		Board of Longitude The Board of Longitude was a British Government body formed in nautical miles, 15,000 for one that co...
		Chairman of the board The Chairman of the board is the leader of a board of directors.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/board.html (2463 words)

	Board of Longitude -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Board of Longitude was a British Government body formed in 1714 to solve the problem of finding (An imaginary great circle on the surface of the earth passing through the north and south poles at right angles to the equator) longitude at sea.
		Its establishment was largely propelled by the 1707 grounding of Vice-Admiral Clowdisley Shovell's fleet off the (An archipelago of small islands off the southwestern coast of England near the entrance to the English Channel; formerly a haven for smugglers and pirates) Isles of Scilly.
		A young clockmaker named John Harrison thought that he was up to the enormous task presented by the Board of Longitude.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bo/board_of_longitude.htm (468 words)

	John Harrison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Harrison was born at Foulby in Yorkshire, the eldest son of a carpenter.
		This was not the transatlantic voyage demanded by the Board of Longitude, but the Board was impressed enough to grant Harrison 500 pounds for continued work.
		At the time of the trial, another method for measuring longitude was being developed to the point where it was ready for testing, the Method of Lunar Distances.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Harrison (1469 words)

	Board of Longitude - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Even though many tried their hand at winning the prize, none were able to come up with an efficient, practical and relatively economical solution to the problem.
		Some were so desperate for the prize that they made up ludicrous methods for keeping time and determining longitude at sea.
		He proceeded to try to create a supremely accurate timekeeper that could be used to determine the longitude of a ship at sea.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Board_of_Longitude (448 words)

	Longitude prize - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The longitude prize was a prize offered by the British government in 1714 for the precise determination of a ship's longitude.
		With support from the Board of Longitude set up to administer the prize, he started in 1730 to build several spring-driven clocks, finally succeeding in 1761 with a determination of better than half a degree.
		However, the board refused to believe that longitude could be determined without astronomical measures, first awarding only half the prize and then dragging the process out with more demands for evidence and several copies of the clocks.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Longitude_Prize (393 words)

	Navis.gr - Latitude and Longitude
		Longitude is seen to be a measure of the angle between the planes of two meridian circles, one of which is the prime meridian.
		For example, the plane of the 90th line of longitude, on which New Orleans is located, forms a 90 angle with the plane of the prime meridian.
		Lines of longitude are numbered east of the prime meridian from 0 to 180 east longitude and west from 0 to 180 west longitude.
	www.navis.gr /marinav/latlong.htm (2245 words)

	Quest to find longitude (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Based on the belief that with a standard magnetic compass and a clear night to view the stars, one could determine longitude by dividing the distance between the two north poles -- the magnetic pole and the true pole.
		Proposed using the echo of cannon reports and fireworks to signal longitude position.
		The board consisted of scientists, naval officers and government officials.
	www.columbia.edu /~kkw2003/quest.htm (275 words)

	Charity's Place.com > Longitude
		During this temperamental time in history, many ships ran aground hundreds of miles off course because their captains were unable to calculate the latitude and longitude of the ship, thus placing the crew in danger.
		With his son, ten year old William, he attempts to solve the longitude problem by creating a clock not upset by the tossing of a ship or extreme hot and cold conditions.
		His obsession leads to troubles amidst the Longitude Board, for they claim the instrument, while precise, is far too cumbersome to survive on board ship.
	www.charitysplace.com /review/longitude.htm (746 words)

	NOVA \| Transcripts \| Lost at Sea - The Search For Longitude \| PBS
		JOHN HARRISON VO: I suppose that the difference of longitude betwixt a ship at sea and the port it sailed from might be as nearly known as its latitude if the ship had along with it a machine or watch that would exactly point out what time it was at the home port.
		NARRATOR: But the Board of Longitude still would not accept that the clock was the answer, and it controlled the funds Harrison desperately needed to work on his difficult H-3.
		WILL ANDREWES: At the meeting of the Board of Longitude in January 1765, along the with the official news of the success of John Harrison's fourth marine timekeeper came the devastating news to Harrison that Nevil Maskelyne was to be appointed Astronomer Royal.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/transcripts/2511longitude.html (6777 words)

	harrison.HTM
		A Board of Longitude had been appointed to study the problem and to award the prize to anybody who solved it.
		Accurate measurment of a ship's longitude, or position to the east or west of a given point on the globe, was considered by many sailors to be an unsolvable problem in navigation.
		Many members of the Board of Longitude were astronomers by profession, and were somwhat biased in favor of astronomical methods of solving navigational problems.
	www.oldnewspublishing.com /harrison.htm (1513 words)

	Downloads
		The need to approach major destinations along a known latitude was well known to middle age pirates, who could intersect their prey in the middle of the ocean on the established routes across the sea.
		The longitude of a location is directly related to the difference between the local time and Greenwich time.
		The Board of Longitude was dissolved in 1828.
	www.kellnielsen.dk /bol.htm (1228 words)

	Longitude2
		Of course if the exact position of the moon could be predicted then the longitude problem was solved and the English began to treat this as their main attack on the longitude problem in contrast to the French who worked largely on the moons of Jupiter method.
		Commissioners were appointed, known as the Board of Longitude, to judge whether proposals had met the conditions and to provide cash advances for promising proposals.
		Longitude can always be found within a degree, or very little more, which answers to about 40 geographical miles in the latitude of the English Channel.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/PrintHT/Longitude2.html (3394 words)

	National Maritime Museum acquires rare papers shedding light on John Harrison and the Board of Longtitude : 2003 press ...
		These fascinating papers will enable the Museum's experts to reassess the discussions of the Board of Longitude and to shed new light on the events that led to Harrison eventually bypassing the Board, and making a personal appeal to King George III for the longitude prize to be awarded to him.
		In 1714 Queen Anne established the Board of Longitude by Act of Parliament, an Act that was still in operation under the reign of George III.
		In 1714, Parliament established a panel of experts, the Board of Longitude, which include the First Lord of the Admiralty with the Treasurer to the Navy and several high ranking navy officers, the Speaker of the House of Commons, the President of the Royal Society, the Astronomer Royal and a number of Oxbridge professors.
	www.nmm.ac.uk /server/show/conWebDoc.8077 (898 words)

	American Scientist Online - The Harrison-Maskelyne Affair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Board of Longitude refused to believe the test results were not just a stroke of luck and demanded a second trial.
		Thus, when the Board of Longitude asked Maskelyne to join the voyage to Barbados, primarily to establish the longitude of the capital, Bridgetown, by observation of Jupiter's satellites, he was also to test the method of lunar distances and its accuracy compared to Harrison's H4 clock.
		The Board of Longitude accepted the result of the Barbados trial of H4, but they remained unconvinced that the instrument was not just a fluke—a one-off that might never be replicated.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/AssetDetail/assetid/25704 (2004 words)

	Lecture: Longitude, Dr. Rodrigue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Longitude A. Longitude is distance east or west of a base line or prime meridian B. The longitude of any given place is its distance, measured in degrees of arc, from this base line.
		At the equator, then, a degree of longitude is roughly 110 km wide but this drops to about 55 km by 60° N or S, and down to 0° at each pole.
		So, this working-class schmo kept applying for the British prize for solving the longitude problem (to the Board of Longitude), and they kept saying that his watch was a fluke and insisting on more and more trials of more and more copies that had to be made by him.
	www.csulb.edu /~rodrigue/geog140/lectures/longitude.html (2444 words)

	Longitude2
		Proposals were being made to solve the longitude problem and in 1673 one based on magnetic declination was proposed by a certain Henry Bond, see [9].
		Flamsteed quickly made observations which indicated that St Pierre's method of predicting the position of the moon, the lunar distance method of solving the longitude problem, was of little use.
		Before describing John Harrison's contribution to the longitude problem, and his finally solving the problem, there is one other important ingredient which should be mentioned.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/Longitude2.html (3405 words)

	American Scientist Online - Finding Out the Longitude (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Lunar and solar eclipses were too rare to be of general use to a mariner, although they were the principal means of establishing the longitudes of remote ports and inhabited places generally, especially if the results from a number of eclipses over the years were averaged.
		Thus the calculations involved in finding one's longitude this way were laborious and liable to error in the hands of the average mariner.
		Thus Dr. Woeman wrote, "acquainting the Board that he can express p and the ratio of 1 to -2 in integrals, and that this comprehends the discovery of the Longitude." Others had some inkling of the problem but proposed hopelessly naive solutions.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/AssetDetail/assetid/14768 (1964 words)

	ipedia.com: Longitude prize Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The measurement of longitude was a problem that came into sharp focus as...
		While most efforts had focused on a precise catalog of stars, to be used together with the moon's position to determine longitude, Harrison attempted to build a precision clock which kept the time of the home port.
		However, the Longitude Board refused to believe that longitude could be determined without astronomical measures, first awarding only half the prize and then dragging the process out with more demands for evidence and several copies of the clocks.
	www.ipedia.com /longitude_prize_1.html (362 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Longitude is both a vibrant story of the pains of solving an important problem, and a biography of the man who solved it.
		In a gist, the longitude of a location can be calculated by 1) knowing the time of noon at two distinct locations A and B (easy to determine by shadows), and 2) knowing the time difference between these two locations with sufficient accuracy.
		The "Longitude board" (which had offered a cash bonus to anyone who could devise a method in which time at sea could be kept) admired this prototype.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0140258795?v=glance (2311 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		All meridians (lines of longitude) are Great Circles and all pass through the poles of rotation.
		Longitude = The difference in time between when the Sun reaches a particular angle above the horizon where you are and when the sun reaches that same angle at the Prime Meridian.
		The error in the estimated longitude is 13.5'.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~tedmoore/Introduction.html (848 words)

	Board of Longitude
		The Board of Longitude was a British Government body described in Dava Sobel's book: "Longitude.
		The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time" for a description of the Board, its charter, procedures, and members, which for a while included Sir Isaac Newton.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bo/Board_of_Longitude.html (70 words)

	Longitude - then and now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Yet, when presented before the Board of Longitude, Harrison requested only a stipend to work on a new and improved version of H-1.
		The development of H-4 was based on the design of a pocket watch Harrison commissioned in 1753 from John Jefferys, a freeman of The Worshipful Company of Clockmakers, for his own personal use.
		Measuring only 13 cm in diameter and weighing 1.45 kg, H-4 was met with disbelief and scorn, especially from proponents of a lunar distance method to determine longitude.
	www.columbia.edu /~kkw2003/methods.htm (313 words)

	Compare Prices and Read Reviews on Longitude at Epinions.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the 18th century, ships had no accurate method of determining longitude, a condition which led to a series of disastrous shipwrecks for the British Navy.
		He proposed his idea to the Board of Longitude and they gave him a small amount of money to get started making a clock, and so began John Harrison’s odyssey to make an accurate, sea-worthy clock.
		Harrison’s son, William (Ian Hart), eventually took up his father’s cause in lobbying the Board of Longitude, and ultimately applied to a young George III, for accurate tests of his father’s clocks and award of the 20,000 pound prize.
	www.epinions.com /content_50602479236 (776 words)

	clock Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		But finding longitude, especially at sea on a swaying ship is difficult, a difficulty "that stumped the wisest minds of the world for the better part of human history" and was "the greatest scientific problem" of the 1770s.
		The longitude board (which had offered a cash bonus to anyone who could devise a method in which time at sea could be kept) admired this creation of Harrison's.
		Then in 1755, while still working on his 3rd model, Harrison says this to the Longitude board: I have..."good reason to think" on the basis of a watch "already executed that such small machines [he's referring to pocketwatches] may be of great service with respect to longitude." He then completed version 3 in 1759.
	www.e-book-store.com /clique/clock (6761 words)

	Susan Ohanian's Testing Atrocities (Susan Ohanian Speaks Out)
		The Board of Longitude (BOL), composed of scientists who looked upon anyone out of the mainstream of science with disdain, reviewed countless schemes and scams to solve the conundrum and, of course, win the award.
		The BOL refused to believe that a nonscientist could solve a problem that had been perplexing Her Majesty's finest minds.
		One superintendent provided to the Board of Regents, the commissioner, and the chancellor a detailed analysis of the failure of their plan to meet any of these respected standards, but to no avail.
	www.susanohanian.org /atrocity_fetch.php?id=411 (1987 words)

	The Story of the Bounty Chronometer
		But, the Board of Longitude considered the price of this Chronometer too high, as they were planning to outfit each of His Majesty's ships with such an instrument.
		Bligh notes in his published Journal...from the board of Longitude I received a time-keeper, made by Mr.
		On Admiralty Charts, Pitcairn Island was charted three degrees of Longitude, some 170+ M, or 300+ km (the contemporary equivalent of a two day voyage under fair conditions) inaccurately.
	www.lareau.org /chrono.html (1272 words)

	The ultimate champion of longitude was an unlikely candidate
		That was not enough to win Harrison the longitude prize, which required a daily accuracy of 2.8 seconds or less.
		But it did earn him a small stipend from the Board of Longitude and provided the encouragement he needed to try again.
		It was an astonishing feat, but a reluctant Board of Longitude refused to award Harrison the prize.
	www.hamstation.com /ultimate_champion_of_longitude_w.htm (585 words)

	Scott Reising Jewelers
		The history of precision horology began in London in the 17th Century and became a national preoccupation from 1714 onwards, when Queen Anne decided to create the Board of Longitude price in order to stimulate research into a method of calculating longitude at sea to guide her ships.
		For all these feats, he was awarded the Board of Longitude price in 1771.
		Today, this perfection is reproduced by the Tompion 1671, Graham 1695 and Arnold & Son 1764 watches, which combine the art of great horology with the spirit of innovation that is characteristic of British Tradition.
	www.reisingjewelers.com /timepieces.php (222 words)

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