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	Body Integrity Identity Disorder - BME Encyclopedia
		Body integrity identity disorder, or BIID, is a psychological condition in which an individual actively pursues an elective amputation.
		A diagnosis of BIID is not an implication of psychosis.
		BIID has been most commonly compared to Gender Identity Disorder (GID) in that one common factor is that in both conditions, the individuals report that their feelings and urges have been present since their pre-adolescent years.
	wiki.bmezine.com /index.php/Body_Integrity_Identity_Disorder (440 words)

	Body Integrity Identity Disorder - BME Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Body integrity identity disorder, or BIID, is a psychological condition in which an individual actively pursues an elective amputation.
		A diagnosis of BIID is not an implication of psychosis.
		BIID has been most commonly compared to Gender Identity Disorder (GID) in that one common factor is that in both conditions, the individuals report that their feelings and urges have been present since their pre-adolescent years.
	encyc.bmezine.com /?Body_Integrity_Identity_Disorder (440 words)

	Alas, a blog » Blog Archive » Body Integrity Identity Disorder
		The whole Start Trek thing, puny bodies under huge heads, evolving into a giant floating glowing brain that eventually turns to pure energy… sarcasticly stated but I think truly reflective of the idea of identity as essence that lives in a fleshy case that can (and possibly should) be shed.
		There’s a neuropsychological disorder (whose name I cannot remember for the life of me) that involves patients being unable to voluntarily move a part of their body (e.g., complain that their legs don’t work before getting up and walking out of the doctor’s office).
		While their bodies are not physically completely male or female, this is not the object of the transsexual, but is to achieve peace to match their inner self with the outer self and the role they play in society.
	www.amptoons.com /blog/archives/2003/07/15/body-integrity-identity-disorder (9438 words)

	OverGround \| Features \| A Life For A Limb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		BIID is a disorder in which a person has the obsessive need to have a healthy limb amputated in order to feel "normal," "whole;" and able-bodied.
		Many people with BIID are too ashamed to admit it to their spouses or families - much less therapists or physicians - for fear of being harshly judged or ostracized.
		BIID sufferers deliberately surround themselves with such a strong veil of secrecy that even spouses and close family members rarely know they have the disorder.
	www.overground.be /article.php?code=66&lan=en (2398 words)

	Epistulae Ciceronis - Body Integrity Identity Disorder
		Body Integrity Identity Disorder (AKA., "BIID") is an obsession with amputation only cured by having otherwise healthy extremities permanently removed.
		Conditions like social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, gender identity disorder, multiple personality disorder, anorexia, and chronic fatigue syndrome were once seen as rare or nonexistent, then suddenly they ballooned in popularity.
		The diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, for example, was driven by the development of profitable medications to treat it, such as antidepressant drugs.
	epistulae.makeshift.com /9979.html (780 words)

	Body integrity identity disorder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID), also known as Amputee Identity Disorder or Apotemnophilia (from Greek αποτέμνειν "to cut off", and φιλία "love of") is the overwhelming desire to amputate one or more healthy limbs or other parts of the body.
		Persons suffering from BIID can be as young as four or five years old when they first discover their condition, for example by feeling jealous of an amputee.
		The biological theory is that BIID is a neuro-psychological condition in which there is an anomaly in the cerebral cortex relating to the limbs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Body_integrity_identity_disorder (971 words)

	Damn Interesting » Amputation Fetishism
		An individual stricken with BIID will commonly "rehearse" the amputated state in private and in public by pretending that the limb is not present, sometimes binding the arm or leg so it cannot be easily moved.
		Some theorize that BIID is an extreme demonstration of Munchausen syndrome, a condition where the sufferer feigns or creates symptoms of illnesses in himself or herself in order to gain attention, sympathy, and comfort.
		This could be handled in the same vein as those people with Gender Identity Disorder who can have their bodies altered through surgeries and drug therapy to reflect the gender they identify with.
	www.damninteresting.com /?p=336 (2821 words)

	News in Science - The ethics of amputation by choice - 21/06/2005
		Past research has suggested this rare condition may be because they believe their body part is diseased or ugly, because the notion of becoming an amputee sexually excites them, or because of a mismatch between their body and their image of it.
		The first person to use the term BIID was US psychiatrist Associate Professor Michael First from Columbia University, who interviewed 52 wannabes as part of a recent study which has been submitted for publication.
		Levy says BIID may also be a purely psychological condition, and often people who suffer from it have had an encounter with an amputee early in life.
	abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s1395891.htm (658 words)

	bookofjoe: BehindTheMedspeak: Body Integrity Identity Disorder
		Body Integrity Identity Disorder is only the latest name for the condition, in which an otherwise normal individual has an obsessive desire to have a healthy limb amputated.
		He chose the name to distinguish the disorder from paraphilia, psychosis or body dysmorphic disorder (the false belief that a part of your body is ugly or abnormal).
		And while the disorder is genuine, he said, he has to recognize that it may be too rare for mention in a book that is already buckling under the weight of its inclusiveness.
	www.bookofjoe.com /2005/03/behindthemedspe_20.html (2634 words)

	The New York Times > Health > Mental Health & Behavior > At War With Their Bodies, They Seek to Sever Limbs
		At the same time, the disorder is turning up as a plot device or documentary subject in a handful of films, plays and television shows.
		Body integrity identity disorder has led people to injure themselves with guns or chain saws in desperate efforts to force surgical amputations.
		The newest name, body integrity identity disorder, was first used by Dr. First of Columbia in the journal Psychological Medicine in 2004.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/03/22/health/psychology/22ampu.html?ex=1269147600&en=b6dbff26b2262af5&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland (750 words)

	Family Research Report -Mar-Apr 2002
		Elliott notes that “conditions like social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, gender identity disorder, multiple personality disorder, anorexia, and chronic fatigue syndrome were once seen as rare or nonexistent, then suddenly they ballooned in popularity.
		It may be ‘his body,’ but it is not ‘his operation.’ Highly trained surgeons and nurses, hospital beds, and drugs, etc. — among the most expensive resources of society — have to be employed.
		Mutilation as a ‘career choice’ is booming, in substantial part because it is “iatrogenic.” Therapist gurus have invented notions such as ‘transsexualism’ or ‘body integrity identity disorder’ and have gotten society to participate in mutilating sex organs or cutting off limbs so that their client can achieve mental health.
	www.familyresearchinst.org /FRR_03_11.html (3574 words)

	Philosophy, et cetera: The Ethics of Gratuitous Amputation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Levy says it's unclear exactly what causes BIID, although it may be the result of a cortical misalignment between how the brain "sees" the limb and what's really there.
		CK's post is very interesting, by the way, comparing BIID patients to (e.g.) deaf people who refuse cochlear implants that would let them hear again.
		BIID is debilitating and does not give the person with it the ability to be as productive, if at all.
	pixnaps.blogspot.com /2005/07/ethics-of-gratuitous-amputation.html (3758 words)

	At War With Their Bodies, They Seek to Sever Limbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Body piercing, tattooing, and scarring would probably fit on this continuum as well even though they are widely accepted.
		Frankly, I think this "disorder" stems from basically the same pathological sense of guilt and low self-esteem that drives rich white kids to become obsessed with the politics of "the poor" and "the oppressed" and take up a lifestyle that essentially consists of joining them in their misery.
		I suspect some body work is a product of disrespect, but I doubt that disrespect is the intention of people who obviously put a lot of thought and time and money into it, weird as it may be.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/fr/1367770/posts (4065 words)

	BIID - Body Integrity Identity Disorder \| Advice
		Understanding that BIID becomes most significant clinically when it causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, it may be most helpful to work to minimize the impact of the symptoms rather than attempting to eradicate the symptoms themselves.
		Because the number of BIID sufferers who have reported a dramatic increase in quality of life without surgical treatment is limited, all suggestions about what might be helpful are based on anecdotal reports of helpfulness, rather than research on effective treatments.
		It is very likely that BIID sufferers coming to your office may be seeking to fulfill what would likely be a requirement of any treatment protocol including surgery in the future -- that the issue have been addressed previously in therapy.
	www.biid.org /advice.php?page=05&lan=en (641 words)

	I want to be an amputee \| Annotate
		Apotemnophilia (also known as body integrity identity disorder or amputee identity disorder) is "the overwhelming desire to amputate one or more healthy limbs or other parts of the body." Those suffering from psycho-sexual disorder feel incomplete with four limbs and trapped inside a body that is not truly their own.
		Unlike similar body dysmorphic disorders, atemnophiles who have a limb removed report feeling relieved and excited about their new bodies and lives.
		More commonly, BIID (body integrity identity disorder) is compared with Gender Identity Disorder - in both cases, individuals feel trapped in an inappropriate body.
	journalism.nyu.edu /pubzone/annotate/node/144 (667 words)

	ABC News: What Drives People to Want to Be Amputees?
		There are others like him, who believe their bodies don't match the picture of themselves they have in their minds.
		Michael First, a psychiatrist at Columbia University in New York, is one of the few researchers to study patients with this strange obsession to lose one or more of their limbs.
		The rare condition is called body integrity identity disorder, or BIID.
	abcnews.go.com /Primetime/Health/story?id=1806125&page=1 (531 words)

	Body nullification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Body nullification is extreme body modification that involves the voluntary removal of body parts.
		Body nullification is a well documented phenomenon in modern society, aided in popularity (or at least given a higher profile) by the ability to share information via the Internet that might otherwise be kept isolated or private.
		Those who desire a nullification may be diagnosed with body integrity identity disorder or apotemnophilia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Body_nullification (136 words)

	Moonbattery: Body Integrity Identity Disorder: What Progressives Are Progressing Toward
		Smith suffers from a bizarre and horrifying form of insanity that causes people to feel compelled to amputate healthy limbs from their body.
		She hopes that one day her condition will be accepted as normal — and if our culture continues its tailspin into depravity, I don't doubt that it will.
		A hundred years ago, it was taboo to be gay in many societies, and 50 years ago the idea of transsexuals was abhorrent to most.
	www.moonbattery.com /archives/2007/02/body_integrity.html (264 words)

	Reasoned Audacity
		Understand that BIID is a distinct condition, and that while clients may have co-morbid conditions, BIID is not a sign of psychosis, nor of an Axis II disorder.
		"Nevertheless, some doctors are trying to add BIID to the official list of mental disorders in the manual's next edition," reports Whitney Archer in Salvo Magazine.
		Oh, and if your military son or daughter doesn't care about gay or trans servicemembers, because he or she has learned there's nothing to worry about, unit cohesion won't be affected.
	www.charmaineyoest.com /2006/11/charmaine_debates_transgender.php (1648 words)

	Body Integrity Identity Disorder - Wikipedia
		Betroffene leben in der Vorstellung, dass ihr Körper der eines Menschen mit einer Behinderung ist, erkennen jedoch, dass dies nicht der Realität entspricht, in der sich der Zustand ihres Körpers tatsächlich befindet.
		Nicht zu verwechseln ist BIID mit einer Geschlechtsidentitätsstörung oder spezifisch Transsexualität.
		Allerdings ist auffällig, dass häufig auch jene Mediziner und Psychologen, welche auch relativ früh GID anerkannten, in der Behandlung und der Unterstützung von Patienten mit BIID führend sind.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Body_Integrity_Identity_Disorder (838 words)

	Depression vs. BIID » transabled.org
		Among the many things discussed today was the fact that I don’t believe depression and BIID are all that closely related.
		His body image is that of an L2 paraplegic.
		He has been living pretty much 100% of his public life from a wheelchair for the last decade, but hasn't found peace of mind (and is unlikely to until he does become a para).
	transabled.org /thoughts/depression-vs-biid.htm (587 words)

	BIID - Body Integrity Identity Disorder \| Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In fact, a diagnosis of psychosis excludes a diagnosis of BIID.
		BIID has been most commonly compared to Gender Identity Disorder (GID).
		One common factor is that in both conditions, the individuals relate that their feelings and urges have been present since their pre-adolescent years.
	www.biid.org /basics.php?page=02&lan=en (171 words)

	Mind Hacks: Philosophy and limb amputation
		Australian philosophers Tim Bayne and Neil Levy have argued that people who want to be amputees should be allowed to have elective amputations, even if they have healthy limbs.
		This unusual desire has been labelled 'body integrity identity disorder' or BIID by psychiatrists.
		Bayne and Levy argue that such people are not "globally irrational", and should be considered to have the capacity to make such decisions about their body.
	www.mindhacks.com /blog/2005/06/philosophy_and_limb_.html (187 words)

	PaperAge: mulling it over
		BIID (Body Integrity Identity Disorder) is a strong impulse among otherwise normal humans to amputate a healthy limb, usually a leg or arm and sometimes both.
		It explored the lives of several men (most BIID victims are male) whose worlds were made whole and happy again by amputating perfectly good legs.
		Long-term, life in the BIID lane might not prove as debonair and glamorous as first imagined.
	www.paperage.com /issues/nov_dec2005/11_2005mullingitover.html (1010 words)

	IngentaConnect Amputees By Choice: Body Integrity Identity Disorder and the Ethi...
		We argue that if such patients are experiencing significant distress as a consequence of the rare psychological disorder named Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID), such operations might be permissible.
		We examine rival accounts of the origins of the desire for healthy limb amputations and argue that none are as plausible as the BIID hypothesis.
		BIID sufferers meet reasonable standards for rationality and autonomy: so as long as no other effective treatment for their disorder is available, surgeons ought to be allowed to accede to their requests.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bpl/japp/2005/00000022/00000001/art00006 (198 words)

	Cutting Off Arms & Legs for "Mental Health" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		So it is with the conditions of ‘homosexuality,’ ‘gender identity disorder,’ and ‘body integrity identity disorder.’ Patients often "diagnose themselves and decide on the proper treatment." That is, the professionals follow the lead of the mad and vice-versa — the ultimate in self-fulfilling prophecies.
		Boyer is a voluntary amputee, a man with a disorder so rare, mysterious and under documented that doctors are only beginning to quantify and classify it.
		There are lots of people who can claim that they have the mind of a millionaire in a poor man's body or an old mind in a young body and demand early retirement.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1056008/posts (3772 words)

	Apotemnophilia and Homeopathy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Until recently, any desire for amputation was classified as this "disorder", but recently, the psychiatric community has begun to differentiate between this condition and Body Integrity Identity Disorder, in which an individual desires an amputation without an accompanying sexual component to this desire.
		An individual with true apotemnophilia may be chronically unsatisfied with their sexual relationships, or even completely sexually disfunctional until their desire for amputation is realized.
		A strange ecstatic sensation pervades the body and senses.
	www.freewebs.com /thuja/apotemnophilia.htm (253 words)

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