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	Ferrite (iron) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ferrite or alpha iron (α-Fe) is a materials science term for iron, or a solid solution with iron as the main constituent, with a body centred cubic crystal structure.
		In pure iron, ferrite is stable below 910°C. Above this temperature the face-centered cubic form of iron, austenite (gamma-iron) is stable.
		Only a very small amount of carbon can be dissolved in ferrite; the maximum solubility is about 0.02wt% at 723°C. This is because carbon dissolves in iron interstitially, with the carbon atoms being about twice the diameter of the interstitial "holes", so that each carbon atom is surrounded by a strong local strain field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferrite_(iron) (316 words)

	Body Centred Cubic Structure
		We use the centre of the atoms (or spheres) to represent the corners of the unit cell, and each of these atoms are shared by 8 unit cells.
		Thus, the body diagonal has a length that is four times the radius of the atom, R.
		The one in the centre of the cell entirely belong to the unit cell.
	www.science.uwaterloo.ca /~cchieh/cact/c123/bcc.html (553 words)

	The Thomas Group - PTCL, Oxford
		Within the simple cubic cell two other crystal planes are easily identified, the (110) (there will be a set of planes of this type with different orientations, of which the (101) and the (011) are the most obvious, but there are additional ones with negative indices), and the (111).
		In the body centred and face centred cubic structures there are planes of atoms (marked in green) interleaving the (100) planes.
		However, for the body centred cubic lattice the (100) planes are interleaved by an equivalent set at the halfway position.
	ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk /~rkt/tutorials/surfaces/solids.html (2470 words)

	[No title]
		A body-centred cubic crystal unit cell (diagram 2) consists of two atoms in total on the inside: an eighth of an atom on each of the eight corners and a whole atom in the middle.
		A face-centred cubic crystal unit cell (diagram 2) consists of four atoms in total on the inside: an eighth of an atom on each of the eight corners and a half an atom on each face.
		These three common cubic surfaces of the body-centred unit cell and the face-centred unit cell are shown in diagram 4.
	www.ocivm.com /basics.htm (1580 words)

	Steel for many purposes. The crystal structure of metals.
		In the face centred cubic close packed system, 74% of the space is again occupied by the positive ions.
		This arrangement is the same as a face centred cubic structure.
		The structure is made up of cubes with a positive ion at each of the corners and with one ion in the centre of the cube.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/5/chemistry/steel/steelch1pg4.html (641 words)

	Iron and Its Interstitial Solid Solutions
		Pure iron exists in two crystal forms, one body-centred cubic (bcc) (α-iron, ferrite) which remains stable from low temperatures up to 910°C (the A3 point), when it transforms to a face-centred cubic (fcc) form (γ-iron, austenite).
		The largest cavities in the bcc structure are the tetrahedral holes existing between two edge and two central atoms in the structure, which together form a tetrahedron.
		The transition from ε-iron carbide to cementite is difficult to study, but it appears to occur by nucleation of cementite at the ε-carbide/α interlaces, followed by re-solution of the metastable ε-carbide precipitate.
	www.key-to-steel.com /cn/ViewArticle.asp?ID=164 (1550 words)

	Packing in three dimensions
		A body centred cubic unit cell can be formed by displacing the corner spheres so that contact is only maintained to the central sphere.
		Confirm that this is the unit cell of the packing sequence (cubic close packing) and expose as much of the unit cell as possible in your model by removing spheres from the top three layers.
		Mark in the centres of tetrahedral interstitial holes in the 3rd diagram.
	www.chem.ox.ac.uk /course/inorganicsolids/threedim.html (543 words)

	Research in Self-Assembling Polymers at Leeds
		The University of Leeds is an international centre for polymer science.
		Research in Dr Hamley's group is at the centre of interdisciplinary "soft matter" research at Leeds.
		The University is one of the centres for the Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IRC) in Polymer Science and Technology.
	www.chem.leeds.ac.uk /Research-Pages/PolyTech.html (1347 words)

	National Synchrotron Light Source
		The discontinuous liquid-solid transition and the distinct bcc phase over a wide range of concentrations are not observed for true star polymers.
		The difference is perhaps due to the adjustment of the number of arms in the case of close packed polymeric micelles.
		It is clear that the liquid-solid transition occurs at a higher temperature than the formation of the bcc phase, even though the cooling rate was much faster for the shear measurement.
	www.nsls.bnl.gov /newsroom/science/2005/01-Nicolai.htm (768 words)

	Glossary - Body Centred Cubic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It is a type of atomic arrangement and is a relatively "loosely" packed structure (atomic packing factor = 0.68).
		BCC can be formally termed a cubic lattice with the centre position fully equivalent to each of the eight corners.
		Body Centred Cubic structures are, as the name implies, based around a central atom with an atom at each of the corners of an imaginary cube
	www.soton.ac.uk /~pasr1/g11.htm (65 words)

	[No title]
		Determination of the Deybe-Waller B factors (which are proportional to the mean square vibrational amplitudes of atoms) at any temperature using lattice dynamical eigendata.
		As supplied, the program is written for a face-centred-cubic material with any number of atoms per primitive unit cell; output format modifications are necessary if the number of atoms exceeds 8.
		Body- centred-cubic and simple cubic materials are handled by the replacement of one routine.
	www.cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk /summaries/AATZ_v1_0.html (179 words)

	Thesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In particular, the cubic lattices: simple, face centred, and body centred cubic, are considered.
		Finally the results of the classification theory, concerning the body centred cubic lattice, are applied to the fl-eye Turing instability.
		In particular, the model of Gabreila Gomes is cast in a new light where forced symmetry-breaking is present, leading to several qualitative predictions.
	www.maths.warwick.ac.uk /~martynp/RESEARCH/THESIS/Thesis.html (320 words)

	Giant Metallic Structures
		A third possible arrangement of atoms is body-centred cubic (b.c.c.).
		Here the structure is basically cubic with an atom at the centre of each cube.
		The atom at the centre of a unit cell belongs entirely to that unit cell.
	www.avogadro.co.uk /structure/chemstruc/metallic/metallic.htm (355 words)

	Biography: Ulf Merbold
		His main fields were solid state and low temperature physics, in particular investigations of lattice defects in body-centred cubic metals.
		In 1977, Ulf Merbold was preselected by the European Space Agency (ESA) as a Payload Specialist astronaut for the first flight of the European-built laboratory Spacelab on board the Space Shuttle (Spacelab 1).
		In 1986, Ulf Merbold was transferred to the "European Space Research and Technology Centre" (ESTEC) in Noordwijk (The Netherlands) in order to support ESA in the planning of Columbus, the European contribution to the International Space Station.
	www.spaceonline.tv /merbold.htm (559 words)

	Periodic Table : Scholar edition: sodium : Solid-state Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The body-centred cubic (bcc) structure is the most stable form for sodium metal at 298 K (25C).
		In the bcc lattice, every sodium atom is surrounded by eight other nearest neightbour sodium atoms organised into a cubic array.
		One way to visualize the bcc lattice is as two interlocked infinite cubic arrays of atoms.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/scholar/elements/sodium/structure.html (171 words)

	Cubic structure
		This is also a close packed structure and is called face-centred cubic (fcc), e.g.
		Another cubic arrangement of atoms is body-centred cubic (bcc) lattice, in which each atom has eight neighbours arranged at the corners of a cube.
		There are 23 metals of the bcc arrangement, including sodium, potassium.
	www.matter.org.uk /matter_glossary/cubic_structure.htm (209 words)

	[No title]
		A number of elements crystallize into cubic structures, typically face-centred or body-centred cubic.
		Strontium is an example of an element which crystallizes on the face centred lattice and barium is an example of an element which crystallizes on the body centred lattice.
		Assume the strontium and barium atoms to be hard spheres and furthermore that they touch along the face diagoal in the case of the face centred cubic, and along the body diagonal in the case of the body centred cubic.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /local/general/trig.html (135 words)

	Iron
		From subzero to 700°C iron has a body centred cubic crystal structure, identified as alpha (a) iron, and is magnetic.
		From 928°C to 1530°C iron changes to a face centred cubic crystal structure identified as gamma (g) iron.
		From 1530°C upwards the structure changes back to body centred cubic crystal structure, identified as delta (d) iron.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=619 (458 words)

	CHEM241 - Course Notes - 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The body-centred cubic structure is typically a higher temperature structure, though for some elements, e.g.
		Zinc Blende (Cubic Zinc Sulphide) This strucure is based on cubic close-packed anions with cations in half the tetrahedral holes, that is, the cations are 4-coordinate.
		Rock Salt (Sodium Chloride) This structure is based on cubic close-packed anions with cations in all the octahedral holes, that is, the cations a 6-coordinate.
	artsandscience.concordia.ca /facstaff/a-c/bird/c241/notes_ch2-shriver.html (1987 words)

	ILL ANNUAL REPORT 2002
		In addition, as all reflections obey bcc extinction rules at 1.7 K, the configurational symmetry of the magnetic structure of Eu is bcc [3].
		The former was described with the structural model obtained at 25 K, while for the latter, the magnetic moments of the twelve Eu sites in the unit cell were aligned in the same direction.
		We note that for a cubic ferromagnet, the spin direction cannot be deduced for randomly oriented domains, as the same magnetic intensities result for any spin direction with respect to the crystallographic axes.
	www.ill.fr /AR-02/site/areport/fb_48.htm (1128 words)

	Solid State Modeling Experiment
		Construct an extended cubic cell using template A. Insert rods in the circled holes of template A in the area enclosed by the dotted lines.
		Construct a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure using template F. Insert the rods in all 5 of the holes in the shaded region.
		Compare the structures of the face-centered cubic unit cell made on the C4 template to that made on the C6 template.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~chem152/lab152/solstate (1002 words)

	8665. Iron-carbide diagram
		A 0.10% carbon steel upon slow (approaching equilibrium)cooling to just above the A3 line will be all austenite with 0.10 wt% carbon atoms combined interstitually in the face centred cubic (austenite) lattice structure.
		As this steel cools to the A3 line, ferrite (body centred cubic) crystals start to form.
		The carbon atoms that cannot fit into the ferrite (body centred cubic) lattice structure enrich the remaining austenite (face centred cubic) lattice structure.
	www.finishing.com /86/65.shtml (286 words)

	Engineering Database
		The position of the crank when the piston is in its closest position to the crankshaft, in its farthest position from the cylinder head.
		A term which is used to describe the oscillations of a rigid body, for example, the sprung and unsprung masses of a vehicle, that consists primarily of vertical displacement.
		The portion of a fluid flowing past a body that is in the immediate vicinity of the body.
	www.diracdelta.co.uk /science/source/navigation/index/atoz/bo-all-sum.html (621 words)

	Glossary - Face Centred Cubic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It is a type of atomic arrangement and is relatively "tightly" packed (atomic packing factor = 0.74).
		FCC is formally defined as a cubic lattice with the face positions fully equivalent to each of the eight corners.
		Face Centred Cubic structures are, as the name implies, based around "faces" of a cube with an atom at each of the corners and one at the centre of each face
	www.soton.ac.uk /~pasr1/g33.htm (68 words)

	Microscopic Solid Structures
		This is a cube with an atom at each of the 8 corners, and another atom at the centre of the body diagonals.
		This is a cube with an atom at each of the 8 corners, and 6 other atoms at the centre of the face diagonals.
		Fitting the same size spheres along the body diagonal, the body diagonal must be four times the radius of the spheres.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Physics/SolidStatePhysics/AtomicBonding/CrystalStructure/MicroscopicStructures/MicroscopicStructures.htm (1200 words)

	Close-Packing of Spheres - Less Closely Packed Structures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This structure is similar to the simple cubic however has an extra atom in the centre of the unit cell.
		This structure is quite common, seen in the alkali metals, Groups 5 and 6 in the transition series (V to Ta, and Cr to W), and others such as Ba, Mn and Fe.
		As can be seen BCC is adopted for elements with a low number of valence electrons.
	www.chem.shef.ac.uk /chm131-1999/cha99ngs/aless.html (267 words)

	1.1 Surface Structure of Metals
		It is the cubic unit cell that is commonly used to illustrate this structure - but the fact that the origin of the structure lies in the packing of layers of hexagonal symmetry should not be forgotten.
		The bcc structure has very little in common with the fcc structure - except the cubic nature of the unit cell.
		In order to see what surface atomic structures are formed on the various Miller index surfaces for each of the different crystal systems we need to consider how the lattice planes bisect the three-dimensional atomic structure of the solid.
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /surfaces/scc/scat1_1.htm (771 words)

	Cubic lattice types and binary ionic crystal structures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cubic lattice types and binary ionic crystal structures
		The following salts are based on the face-centred cubic lattice:
		Ions of one type occupy all 14 fcc lattice points and all octahedral holes are filled by ions of the other type.
	www.chem.ualberta.ca /~njones/interactive.html (67 words)

	NASS \| Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The body centred cubic form of iron which, in pure iron, exists up to 910oC.
		Quenching from a temperature above the transformation range to a temperature above the upper limit of martensite formation, and holding at this temperature until the austenite is completely transformed to the desired intermediate structure, for the purpose of conferring certain mechanical properties.
		Steels containing high percentages of certain alloying elements such as manganese and nickel which are austenitic at room temperature and cannot be hardened by normal heat-treatment but do work harden.
	www.nass.org.uk /glossary.asp?letter=s_a&action=disp_lett (905 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : Physical Science : A Closer Look at Metals : Information
		An atom at each vertex and one in the centre of the cube.
		An atom at each vertex and in the centre of each face.
		The way the atoms are arranged can be used to explain several of the physical properties of metals.
	www.saburchill.com /physci/chemC/chemC02.html (360 words)

	Name ________________________________
		Compare hexagonal and cubic close packing, describing the repeating pattern of the layers, the coordination number, and what holes are covered by the layers above and below any given layer.
		Describe why cesium chloride is not body centered cubic packing.
		The coordination numbers of spheres in body-centred cubic, simple cubic and cubic close-packed lattices are, respectively:
	www.cbu.edu /~mcondren/c422e203.htm (240 words)

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