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Topic: Body dysmorphic disorder

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	Body dysmorphic disorder - MayoClinic.com
		Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with a real or imagined defect in your physical appearance.
		People with body dysmorphic disorder have a distorted or exaggerated view of how they look and are obsessed with actual physical characteristics or perceived flaws, such as a certain facial feature or imperfections of the skin.
		People with body dysmorphic disorder often have problems controlling negative thoughts about their appearance, even when reassured by others that they look fine and that the minor or perceived flaws aren't noticeable or excessive.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/body-dysmorphic-disorder/DS00559 (286 words)

	Body dysmorphic disorder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Body dysmorphic disorder is generally diagnosed of those who are extremely critical of their physique or self image, despite the fact there may be no noticeable disfigurement or defect.
		BDD was first recorded/formerly recognized in 1997 as a disorder in the DSM In 1987 it was first truly recognized by the American Psychiatric Association.
		BDD tends to be chronic; as of current information it does not subside through time and in most patients often becoming worse as the symptoms and concerns of the sufferer diversify and social contacts further deteriorate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Body_dysmorphic_disorder (727 words)

	About Body Dysmorphic Disorder, BDD, Eating Disorders
		Even though Body Dysmorphic disorder isn't just shown in cases of eating disorders (someone afflicted with BDD can obsess not about weight, but instead about their hair, nose, chest, etc.), it still hurts and ruins the lives of whoever is afflicted with it.
		Often Body Dysmorphic Disorder is mis-diagnosed because doctors tend to have a lack of familiarity with the disorder.
		Further treatment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder included having them exposed to their perceived physical defect, and they were prevented from engaging in any behaviors that increased the discomfort and triggered the BDD more.
	www.healthyplace.com /Communities/Eating_Disorders/peacelovehope/bdd.html (859 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder
		The disorder that had been described as monosymptomatic hypochondriasis before 1980 included conditions such as parasitosis, or a fear of worm infestation; dysmorphophobia, or obsessional concerns about ugliness or deformity of the body; and bromosis, or fear of emitting foul body odors.
		In body dysmorphic disorder, the focus of concern is most commonly the face: the shape of the nose, mouth, or jaw and the presence or distribution of hair.
		Both hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder are somatoform disorders characterized by fear or a conviction of serious disease (in hypochondriasis) or body deformity (in body dysmorphic disorder).
	www.health.am /psy/more/body_dysmorphic_disorder (2245 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder
		Body dysmorphic disorder is an under-recognised chronic problem that is defined as an excessive preoccupation with an imagined or a minor defect of a localised facial feature or body part, resulting in decreased social, academic and occupational functioning.
		Body dysmorphic disorder is distinguished from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa that encompass a preoccupation with overall body shape and weight.
		The proposed etiologies of BDD are primarily represented by psychological and neurochemical hypotheses.
	www.hypnos.co.uk /hypnomag/sterndale.htm (2431 words)

	Body Dysmorphia in Adolescents—More Than Just Poor Body Image
		Physicians should also be aware of the clues to body dysmorphic disorder, such as when the patient covers his or her face with a hat or hair, or wears big, bulky clothes in the summer, or insists upon wearing sunglasses indoors.
		Therefore, treating body dysmorphic disorder involves more than addressing the symptoms, as the patient must also be reacclimated to study and work environments in order to realize his or her full potential.
		Body dysmorphic disorder was the primary disorder for the majority, and as Dr. Phillips explained, patients with body dysmorphic disorder “are a pretty disabled group as a whole, but they span the spectrum.
	www.neuropsychiatryreviews.com /dec05/dysmorphia.html (1305 words)

	BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER
		Individuals with this disorder often engage in frequent mirror checking, regard their “defect” with embarrassment and loathing, and are concerned that others may be looking at it or thinking about their defect.
		In one study of fifty patients with this disorder, the average age of onset was late adolescence.
		Some people with body dysmorphic disorder have been successfully treated with fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, which is also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, and delusional disorder is still not known.
	www.cmcdubai.com /7.htm (2803 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder
		Body image may be seen as "disturbed" when one's self-evaluation of appearance is at such a level that it interferes with social and/or occupational functioning, or causes elevated levels of anxiety and depression in the individual.
		Importantly, the individual's rating of the body feature does not fit with that of an objective observer, who may not see anything unattractive or unusual about the feature, or who may note some minimal problem (i.e., the nose or ears may be a bit larger than "average").
		It is very difficult to distinguish BDD from OCD, and some researchers and clinicians believe that BDD is an OCD "spectrum" disorder (i.e., it has the same core symptoms, but with the focus of the OCD cognitions and behaviors on an aspect of appearance).
	www.athealth.com /Consumer/disorders/BDDInterview.html (1653 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder
		BDD is a preoccupation with an imagined physical defect in appearance or a vastly exaggerated concern about a minimal defect.
		BDD tends to be chronic and can lead to social isolation, school dropout major depression, unnecessary surgery and even suicide.
		In this type of psychotherapy the therapist helps the affected individual resist the compulsions associated with the BDD such as repeatedly looking in mirrors or excessive grooming (response prevention) If the individual avoids certain situations because of fear of ridicule, he or she should be encouraged to gradually and progressively face feared situations.
	suicideandmentalhealthassociationinternational.org /bdd.html (549 words)

	Bio-Behavioral Institute
		Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a condition that involves an intense preoccupation with a particular aspect(s) of physical appearance in a normal appearing person.
		BDD first appeared in the scientific literature in 1886 when researcher by the name of Morselli provided a detailed description of the disorder.
		BDD is commonly viewed as a medical illness in which certain chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain are influenced.
	www.bio-behavioral.com /bdd.asp (1425 words)

	Butler Hospital, Providence Rhode Island : More Information about Body Dysmorphic Disorder
		BDD thoughts are often referred to as preoccupations, or as “obsessions,” meaning that they are time-consuming (they usually occur for many hours a day), difficult to resist, and hard to control.
		The severity may differ, the body areas may differ, the behaviors may differ somewhat from person to person, but everyone with BDD is distressed or doesn’t function as well as they might because of their preoccupation with some aspect of how they look.
		BDD appears to affect about an equal number of females and males, or perhaps somewhat more females than males (more research is needed to determine this with certainty).
	www.butler.org /body.cfm?id=239 (3524 words)

	When the mirror lies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		BDD usually begins to surface in adolescence or in the late teens, but cases have been reported in children as young as 4.
		In the 1980s, when Phillips became interested in BDD, there was even less known about an illness that flew under most clinicians' radar, she said from her office as director of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Body Image Program at Butler Hospital in Providence, R.I. Still, "I was fascinated by it," she said.
		Further, when the faces were enhanced for detail, the BDD patients used parts of their brain that process threat and fear, though they reported only low levels of anxiety.
	www.azcentral.com /health/news/articles/0530body0530main.html (1784 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Somatoform and Factitious Disorders: Merck Manual Professional
		Body dysmorphic disorder is preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance that causes significant distress or interference with social, occupational, or other functioning.
		Body dysmorphic disorder usually begins in adolescence and appears to occur in men and women equally.
		Men may have a form of the disorder called muscle dysmorphia, which involves a preoccupation with the idea that their body is not sufficiently lean and muscular.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec15/ch204/ch204b.html (361 words)

	Cosmetic Surgery magazine, Plastic Surgery magazine, Body Language, Dermatology magazine
		Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is often associated with intrusive thoughts of body dissatisfaction, avoidance of exposure to body image situations, such as mirrors in public places, and excessive body checking and comparisons with others.
		Some people suffer serious anxiety over what they see as intolerable aspects of their body and others take the view that a quick change will be of benefit to them in their private or personal lives.
		However, those suffering from BDD, without having been diagnosed as having any type of disfiguration, require an external augmentation or adaptation to force the image they see in the mirror to conform to what they believe themselves to be.
	www.bodylanguage.net /plasticandcosmeticsurgery/issue5.html (3145 words)

	Ethan Frome
		Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder defined as a preoccupation with a perceived defect in one's appearance.
		BDD is a hidden disorder and its incidence is unknown.
		BDD sufferers may be spending hours in front of a mirror but tbeleives themselves to be hideous or ugly.
	www.btinternet.com /~david.veale/bddinfo.html (2695 words)

	How Much Plastic Surgery Is Too Much?
		Body dysmorphic disorder has been defined as an obsession with a facial or body trait.
		Body dysmorphic disorder afflicts about 1 in 50 people.
		The disorder usually begins in teenage years or after the onset of psychological problems, such as eating disorders or obsessive compulsive disorder.
	www.yourplasticsurgeryguide.com /checklists/how-much-is-too-much.htm (927 words)

	Body dysmorphic disorder: Causes - MayoClinic.com
		The cause of body dysmorphic disorder is unclear.
		Body dysmorphic disorder often occurs with obsessive-compulsive disorder, in which a person uncontrollably practices ritual behaviors that may literally take over his or her life.
		Body dysmorphic disorder also may be present with an eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, especially if it involves a weight-related part of the body, such as the waist, hips or thighs.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/body-dysmorphic-disorder/DS00559/DSECTION=3 (410 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder
		Because of the distorted body image caused by the disorder, a person may believe that he or she is too horribly ugly or disfigured to be seen.
		A teen with BDD may keep a hand over the face for the entire school year, trying to hide a flaw, or might measure or examine the "flawed" body part repeatedly or spend lots of money and time on makeup to cover the problem.
		Body dysmorphic disorder, like other obsessions, can interfere with your teen's life — robbing it of pleasure and draining his or her energy.
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/emotions/feelings/bdd.html (1630 words)

	CareFair.com - Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
		This type of disorder is particularly harmful for those who suffer from it because it is considered by medical experts to be a mental illness, with an unknown origin.
		Even though BDD deals with the physical appearance of a person, the symptoms that come with it have yet to be medically explained in a way that would classify BDD as an actual physical disorder.
		Both men and women are prone to BDD and this disorder typically shows up during the teenage years or early adulthood.
	www.carefair.com /Body/Body_Dysmorphic_Disorder_4030.html (584 words)

	eMedicine - Somatoform Disorder: Body Dysmorphic : Article by Sing-Yi Feng
		Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a type of somatoform disorder characterized by a patient's persistent and unremitting preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance (eg, a large nose) or an exaggerated sense of the severity of a perceived physical flaw.
		Patients with symptoms exclusively focused on a preoccupation with body weight and shape or perceived inappropriateness of sexual characteristics are not diagnosed with BDD and frequently meet criteria for other disorders such as anorexia nervosa or gender identity disorder.
		BDD may not be diagnosed for many years after its onset, often because of the patient's reluctance to reveal the symptoms.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2122.htm (2272 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) Symptoms, Signs, Treatment and Facts on MedicineNet.com
		Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a serious illness when a person is preoccupied with minor or imaginary physical flaws, usually of the skin, hair, and nose.
		A person with BDD tends to have cosmetic surgery, and even if the surgeries are successful, does not think they are and is unhappy with the outcomes.
		If they are, they may start to focus attention on another body area and become preoccupied trying to fix the new "defect." In this case, some patients with BDD become angry at the surgeon for making their appearance worse and may even become violent towards the surgeon.
	www.medicinenet.com /body_dysmorphic_disorder/article.htm (513 words)

	Body dysmorphic disorder - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This disorder is where the person worries about things a lot, which makes them have anxiety about things in their life, for example, about their body, as in BDD.
		A similar mental problem, Gender identity disorder (GID), where the person doesn not like his, her, or its gender as a male or female etc, often has BDD-like feelings that are only at sexual features on their body, which disagree with the person's gender in their head.
		BDD is often wrongly thought of as a 'vanity' obsession, but it is actually the opposite, because people with BDD believe they are very ugly, even though people without BDD do not think they are.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Body_dysmorphic_disorder (2332 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Somatoform Disorders at ALLPSYCH Online (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Preoccupation with a specific body part and the belief that this body part is deformed or defective.
		It is not better explained by another disorder such as dissatisfaction with body shape in anorexia or delusions associated with a psychotic disorder.
		Because the disorder is most often gradual, taking several months or years to develop, intervention is difficult.
	allpsych.com /disorders/somatoform/bodydysmorphic.html (168 words)

	Hair Loss & Restoration: Eyelash Transplantation: Who, Why and How
		The possible presence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder may be revealed by routine screening questionnaires and during consultation with the physician.
		The physician may insist upon consultation with a psychologist or psychiatrist to (1) determine whether Body Dysmorphic Disorder is present, and (2) to differentiate the patient with Body Dysmorphic Disorder from the patient who seeks frequent "tweaking up" by esthetic surgery.
		Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is recognized as a psychiatric condition identified as a somatoform disorder (a psychogenic illness exhibiting symptoms resembling physical disease).
	www.ishrs.org /articles/eyelash-transplantation.htm (3053 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Men
		Men with body dysmorphic disorder are most commonly preoccupied with their skin (for example, with acne or scarring), hair
		Pharmacologic treatment of body dysmorphic disorder: a review of empirical data and a proposed treatment algorithm.
		A screening questionnaire for body dysmorphic disorder in a cosmetic dermatologic surgery practice.
	suicideandmentalhealthassociationinternational.org /bddmen.html (783 words)

	eMedicine - Body Dysmorphic Disorder : Article by Gary K Arthur
		BDD is defined as a preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance.
		BDD is an unhealthy preoccupation with a mild or imagined defect of the body.
		BDD affects 1-2% of the general population; however, this is thought to be an underestimate because BDD frequently is underdiagnosed.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3124.htm (3885 words)

	Body Dysmorphic Disorder
		Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder which involves a disturbed body image.
		The central feature of BDD is that persons who are afflicted with it are excessively dissatisfied with their body because of a perceived physical defect.
		Body dysmorphic disorder is also considered to be different from gender identity disorder and transsexualism, even though the desire to modify one's body is also reflected in people who are judged to have these disorders.
	www.mdboard.org /body-dysmorphic-disorder.php (287 words)

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