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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Boer war
		The Boers dressed in earthtone khaki clothes, whereas the British uniforms were bright red, a stark contrast to the African landscape, which enabled the Boers to easily snipe British troops from a distance.
		The Boers were able to successfully besiege the British garrisons in the towns of Ladysmith, Mafeking (defended by troops headed by Robert Baden-Powell) and Kimberley and inflicted three separate defeats on the British in one week, December 10 to 15, 1899.
		The Boer camps held mainly the elderly, women and children as of the roughly 28,000 Boer prisoners of war, 25,630 were sent to camps overseas; but the native African ones held large numbers of men as well.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Boer-war (0 words)

	Victorian Station - The Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)
		The Boer republics knew they stood in Britain's way and citing the strategy that 'the key to a good defense is a good offense' struck first.
		The British incarceration of Boer women and children in concentration camps left a bitter taste in the mouths of the Boers and lessened respect for the British Empire abroad.
		Though the intent of the British to halt the Boer guerrilla fighters who lived off the land and used their farmsteads as bases was militarily sound, the concentration camp conditions were so poor that almost 28,000 Boers died from starvation and disease.
	www.victorianstation.com /boerwar.htm (0 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Voortrekkers were those Boers (mainly from the eastern Cape) who left the Cape en masse in a series of large scale migrations later called the Great Trek beginning in 1835 as a result of British colonialism and constant border wars.
		The Boer fought two wars against the British Empire in the 19th century in order to defend their self-proclaimed and internationally recognized independent states, the republics of the Transvaal (the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, or ZAR), and the Orange Free State (OFS) against the threat of British imperialism.
		Koos de la Rey a Boer general during the Second Boer War and is widely regarded as being one of the greatest military leaders during that conflict.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Boers (1069 words)

	Boer War
		There were two Boer wars, one in 1880-81 and the second in 1899-1902 both between the British and the settlers of Dutch origin (called Boere, Afrikaners or Voortrekkers) in South Africa that put an end to the two independent republics that they had founded.
		The Boers dressed in earthtone khaki clothes, whereas the British uniforms were bright red, a stark contrast to the African landscape, which enabled the Boers to easily snipe British troops from a distance.
		The Boers were able to successfully besiege the British garrisons in the towns of Ladysmith[?], Mafeking (defended by troops headed by Robert Baden-Powell) and Kimberley[?] and inflicted three separate defeats on the British in one week, December 10 to 15, 1899.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bo/Boer_Wars.html (468 words)

	The Boer Wars - Introduction
		The new settlers were poorly regarded by the Boers and in return there was pressure to remove their government.
		Boer units fought for two more years as guerrillas, the British, now under the command of Lord Kitchener, responded by constructing blockhouses, destroying farms and confiscating food to prevent them from falling into Boer hands and placing Boer civilians in concentration camps.
		But the Boers were given £3m in compensation and were promised self-government in time (the Union of South Africa was established in 1910).
	www.boer-war.com (0 words)

	Boer War
		Using smokeless powder the Boers were able to snipe at British infantry from up to two kilometres away before withdrawing to avoid confrontation.
		After September 1900, when the war had become mainly a guerrilla conflict, Australian troops were deployed in sweeping the countryside and enforcing the British policy of cutting the Boer guerrillas off from the support of their farms and families.
		The experience of the NSW Mounted Rifles in the last five months of 1901 was said to be typical: they trekked 1,814 miles and were involved in thirteen skirmishes for the loss of five dead and nineteen wounded.
	www.awm.gov.au /atwar/boer.htm (0 words)

	The Anglo-Boer Wars
		The Boers dressed in earthtone khaki clothes, whereas the British uniforms were bright red, a stark contrast to the African landscape, which enabled the Boers to easily snipe British troops from a distance.
		Boer units fought for two more years as guerrillas, the British, now under the command of Lord Kitchener, responded by constructing blockhouses, destroying farms and confiscating food to prevent them from falling into Boer hands and placing Boer civilians in concentration camps.
		In all, about 25% of the Boer inmates and 12% of the fl African ones died (although recent research suggests that the fl African deaths were underestimated and may have actually been around 20,000).
	www.sangam.org /2007/03/Boer.php?uid=2257 (993 words)

	Boer War Information
		But the backbone of the Boer Army always was the Boer farmer, who packed a lunch and went to war, the same way he had dressed and gone to work his farm in the past.
		Boer women and children by the hundreds and thousands followed their men on the battlefield as they tried to stay ahead of the professional British army that chased them.
		General Methuen introduced modern high explosives by exploding lyddite shells over the Boer laager at Magersfontein, in one of the biggest artillery barrages in history; everyone knew hundreds of women and children were there accompanying their fathers, husbands, brothers, uncles, and sons.
	www.goldiproductions.com /BoerWar_Museum/Boer74d_past_news4.html (1612 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Boer Republics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Boer Republics were independent self governed republics established by local Boers of Trekboer (migrating farmer) descent beginning in 1795 against Dutch rule and later in response to British colonialism as Voortrekkers during the period of the Great Trek beginning in 1835.
		The Boer Republics ceased to exit in 1900 (though only officially in 1902 with the Vereenigning Peace Treaty) when they were conquered by the British at the conclusion of the Anglo-Boer War.
		Transvaal Republic / South African Republic 1852 - 1900.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Boer_Republics.html (233 words)

	Boers
		The Boer interpretation of the bible led them to believe that the fls were inferior and morally flawed, and that there was nothing wrong in using them as slaves on their farms.
		As a result, the Boers became a pioneer group who developed tactics of warfare against the fls which relied heavily on their horse riding and rifle shooting skills, skills which became part of their tradition and which was to be of prime importance in their wars both with the native fls and the British.
		The Boers won a victory over poorly led British forces at Majuba Hill which resulted in the British returning administrative control of the Transvaal back to the Boers, but with the condition that the Transvaal was still part of the British empire.
	members.aol.com /glipoid/Boers.html (8159 words)

	class\work\boerwar
		The British empire and Boer republics seemed to be unevenly matched and, it was widely believed that once the fighting started the Boer republics would be overrun without difficulty and the war would be very short (six months).
		The republics' main force crossed from the Transvaal and Orange Free State into northern districts of Natal, compelling the advanced detachments of the British garrison to retire to Ladysmith, where the main body of British troops in the colony where stationed.
		Boers and Africans were removed from the devastated country and were put in concentration camps, where many people died.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/boerwar.htm (2790 words)

	Boer War Relics Borrie Erasmus Senekal Surrender Hill Boschbult Farm
		The song is the National Anthem of the old Orange Free State, sung with feeling by scores of descendants of the original Boers who fought to defend their farms and their Republic.
		The Boer War was such a total war, raging over every corner of the Boer Republics, that, a hundred years later, one still encounters signs of the conflict wherever one walks across the veldt or climbs a kopje.
		Testifying to the bravery of two long gone Boers - who must have charged in extremely close to shoot - are the lone Mauser shell (with indented base, top center) and a remnant from a big Martini-Henry casing (bottom left).
	www.goldiproductions.com /BoerWar_Museum/Boer9a_relics1.html (1444 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although some of these republics were already founded from 1795 onwards during the period of Dutch colonial rule at the Cape, most of these states were established after Britain took over from the Netherlands as the colonial power at the Cape of Good Hope.
		The Natalia Republic was established in 1839 by the local Boers after Pretorius entered into an alliance with Mpande, the new Zulu king.
		The New Republic (comprising the town of Vryheid) was established in 1884 on land given to the local Boers by the Zulu King Cetshwayo.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Boer_Republics (829 words)

	Anglo Boer War Museum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The existence of the two Boer republics namely the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State therefor was a stumbling block.
		Boer mistrust of the British government's intentions was heightened.
		The government of the South African Republic, wishing to seize the military initiative, issued an ultimatum to Britain on 9 October 1899 calling for the removal of all imperial troops from the republic's borders within forty-eight hours with the alternative of formal war.
	www.anglo-boer.co.za /causes.html (726 words)

	Anglo-Boer War Museum
		One of the most significant events in the history of South Africa was the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902.
		Although the protagonists were Britain and the two Boer Republics, the population of South Africa as a whole became embroiled in the war either directly or indirectly.
		The J H de la Rey Hall shows aspects of the domestic life of the republican Boer both in peace and in war.
	www.places.co.za /html/warmuseum.html (460 words)

	A Century Ago The Boer War Remembered
		The Boers' recourse to irregular warfare, and Britain's response in herding a hundred thousand women and children into concentration camps foreshadow the horrors of guerilla warfare and mass detention of innocents that have become emblematic of the 20th century.
		When the Boer leaders learned a short time later that London was preparing a force of 47,000 men to invade the their lands, the two republics jointly began in earnest to ready their own troops and weapons for battle.
		For their part, the two Boer republics were able to mobilize 87,360 fighters, a force that included 2,120 foreign volunteers and 13,300 Boer-related Afrikaners from the British-ruled Cape and Natal provinces.
	www.tokencoins.com /boerj.htm (6576 words)

	New Zealand and the Boer War
		In the First Boer War of 1880-81 the Boers of Transvaal rebelled against British rule, and after defeating local British forces in a series of engagements were granted a limited form of independence.
		From late 1900 those Boer who were determined to continue their resistance to British rule split up into smaller commandoes and adopted guerrilla tactics.
		Boer civilians were no longer to be rounded up and placed in insanitary concentration camps, where thousands had died of disease.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-conflicts-periods/other/nz-boer-war.htm (1954 words)

	The Boer War
		The first, in 1880-81, began after Disraeli had annexed the South African Boer Republics — the Transvaal and the Orange Free State — in 1877.
		After gold and diamonds were discovered in the Transvaal, tensions between native Boers and British "uitlanders," aggravated by guerilla raids and the repressive policies of the British Governor of the Cape, became more intense.
		After the Boers attacked Cape Colony and Natal in October 1899, the second war, which lasted until 1902, was underway.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/hist1.html (187 words)

	Who's Burden Is The Dark Continent?
		The Boers are also the descendents of French Huguenot refugees (from 1671 to 1726), German Protestants and other smaller groups such as Belgians, Danish, Scots and even a small percent of Malays and Indians.
		The Boers had just lost a war to retain their independence in the Boer Republics of the Transvaal Republic (1852 - 1900) and Orange Free State (1854 - 1900) during the Anglo-Boer War from 1899 - 1902.
		The ancestors of the Boers of the Boer Republics had migrated away from their Cape based cousins begining in the early 1700s.
	www.rense.com /general40/burden.htm (0 words)

	19th Century Republics in South Africa
		Winburg was an early Voortrekker settlement, and was the centre of the Boer state as it took shape after the loss of Natal.
		Andries Ohrigstad Republic 1845-1849 annexed to Transvaal 1849
		It was founded because the Trekkers believed it to be north of the line proclaimed by the British as the limit of the area falling under the Cape of Good Hope Punishment Act, which in fact it wasn't quite.
	www.fotw.net /flags/za-boer.html (463 words)

	THE BOER WAR
		Having renounced imperial rule, the Boer republics of Transvaal and Orange Free State, resolutely blocked plans for one huge dominion of Southern Africa united under the British Crown.
		The burghers of every electoral district, of which there was 40 in the two republics, were obliged to raise and have ready, their own commando.
		The Boers appreciating Methuenâs supply problems, and his reliance on the railway, were preparing themselves at a number of strong points on the way.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /kenanderson/histemp/theboerwar.html (2152 words)

	The Boer Republics and British Rule
		The Boers were not only politically weak but also militarily divided, with the result that the British were able to annex the Transvaal Republic in 1877 with a tiny force which met no resistance at all.
		The Boer Republic refused to grant the new immigrants voting rights, correctly foreseeing the loss of political power, and this "Uitlander" ('Foreigner") question was to serve as the spark for the Second Anglo-Boer war of 1889 - 1902, the one that is most often remembered in the annals of history.
		Although the Boer Republics had denied citizenship or voting rights to the Blacks, they were not alone in this policy: the British strictly enforced similar policies in their parts of Southern Africa, with the only exception being granted to a small number of Cape Coloreds who could meet very stringent property requirement stipulations.
	www.white-history.com /hwr56ii.htm (3647 words)

	Boer War biographies
		Regarded as the most formidable leader of the Boers in their guerrilla warfare, he continued his successes to the end of the war and took an active part in the peace negotiations of 1902.
		He was in command of the Boer forces at Laings Nek, Ingogo, and Majuba Hill, subsequently conducting the earlier peace negotiations that led to the conclusion of the Pretoria Convention.
		She went into exclusion after the death of her husband Albert in 1861, but was drawn out of it by imperial duties well-promoted by the governments of the time, in particular her proclamation as Empress of India, in 1876, the Golden Jubilee of 1887 and the Diamond Jubilee of 1897.
	perso.univ-lyon2.fr /~goethals/boer/boer_biographies.html (3007 words)

	Anglo Boer War. The Anglo Boer War Battlefields of Colenso & Spioenkop.
		Preliminary Anglo Boer War battles culminated in the British army being besieged in Ladysmith, and the Boers dispatched a raiding party to reconnoitre deeper into Natal.
		Hear of his heroics during the Boer attack on the armoured train, his capture and incarceration in Pretoria, and his subsequent escape and return to the scene of his capture.
		Arguably, the best known of all the battles of the Anglo Boer War, this senseless slaughter was a tragic foretaste of what was to follow during the trench warfare of 1914-18.
	www.hallscountryhouse.com /anglo-boer-war.html (623 words)

	T h e S e c o n d A n g l o - B o e r W a r (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Boer republics were a stumbling block for the British Empire.
		Paul Kruger was president of the Transvaal or South African Republic (SAR) and Cecil John Rhodes became the premier of the Cape Colony in 1890.
		Milner was afraid that the Boer republics wanted to take over the whole country and told Chamberlain that war was the only way to prevent that from happening.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/specialprojects/anglo-boer-wars/anglo-boer-war2i.htm (1433 words)

	The Real Truth about Sout Africa 1
		Before the turn of the last century, the Boer Republics of the Transvaal and The Orange Free State were free countries which were recognised as such throughout the world.
		However, the mighty British army, thinking that the Boers were a pushover, met more than their match from the fierce and proud Boer fighters.
		In the mean time, the boer's wives and their children who were nothing more than hostages in the British hell camps lay dying...
	www.matriots.com /sa/satruth (1636 words)

	The Boer War Remembered
		The stake in the Boer lands was not limited to gold and diamonds.
		The Boer commandos, outnumbered about four to one, but supported by an entire people and striking without warning, were able to prevent the enemy from controlling the country he had occupied.
		They have been promised Boer property and farmsteads if they will join the English; that the Boers will have to work for the Blacks, and that they will be about to marry...
	www.boer.co.za /boerwar/weber.html (0 words)

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