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Topic: Boerhaave

	Carl von Linnaeus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Even in the form in which Gronovius saw it through the press, the concise observations prefaced to the main body of the work raise theoretical issues with implications far beyond the bounds of natural history, and are still relevant to reaching a balanced assessment of the natural sciences.
		Boerhaave was physician to George Clifford (1685-1760), an immensely wealthy Anglo-Dutch financier and director of the Dutch East India Company, who was also an enthusiastic horticulturalist and zoologist.
		Boerhaave, the leading light of this reaction against Cartesianism, was well aware that Sydenham’s approach was essentially Baconian - true advances in learning can only be brought about by induction based on the comprehensive classification of the sciences.
	www.thoemmes.com /encyclopedia/linnaeus.htm (3430 words)

	Herman Boerhaave, by Samuel Johnson
		As Boerhaave was sitting in a common boat, there arose a conversation among the passengers, upon the impious and pernicious doctrine of Spinosa, which, as they all agreed, tends to the utter overthrow of all religion.
		Boerhaave had now for nine years read physical lectures, but without the title or dignity of a professor, when by the death of professor Hotten, the professorship of physick and botany fell to him of course.
		The skill to which Boerhaave attained, by a long and unwearied observation of nature, ought, therefore, to be transmitted, in all its particulars, to future ages, that his successors may be ashamed to fall below him, and that none may hereafter excuse his ignorance, by pleading the impossibility of clearer knowledge.
	www.samueljohnson.com /boerhaave.html (4196 words)

	eMedicine - Boerhaave Syndrome : Article by Mark Murphy, MD, FACP
		Craven GG, Whittaker MG: Boerhaave's syndrome as a complication of pre-existent gastrointestinal disease.
		Henderson JA, Peloquin AJ: Boerhaave revisited:spontaneous esophageal perforation as a diagnostic masquerader.
		Zawisza MJ, Geisler A: Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic233.htm (3148 words)

	eMedicine - Boerhaave Syndrome : Article Excerpt by: Mark Murphy, MD, FACP
		Boerhaave syndrome is a transmural perforation of the esophagus to be distinguished from Mallory-Weiss syndrome, a nontransmural esophageal tear also associated with vomiting.
		Pathophysiology: Esophageal rupture in Boerhaave syndrome is postulated to be the result of a sudden rise in intraluminal esophageal pressure produced during vomiting, as a result of neuromuscular incoordination causing failure of the cricopharyngeus muscle to relax.
		The most common anatomical location of the tear in Boerhaave syndrome is at the left posterolateral wall of the lower third of the esophagus, 2-3 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/boerhaave-syndrome.htm (538 words)

	Herman Boerhaave (www.whonamedit.com)
		Hermann Boerhaave was the son of the Calvinistic Reverend Jacobus Boerhaave and his second wife, Hagar Daelder, the daughter of an Amsterdam tradesman.
		Boerhaave conducted an autopsy which revealed the rent in the oesophagus and the contents of a previous meal, gas, and fluid in the chest.
		Boerhaave turned down several invitations from monarchs, he thought he would be tempted to compromise himself at a court: "Exeat aula, qui vult esse pius." Royalty and members of the nobility sought his advice.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2404.html (4513 words)

	Alcohol Research Center - Boerhaave Syndrome - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hermann Boerhaave was born on December 31, 1668, at Voorhout, Holland, the son of a minister in the Dutch Reformed...
		Pathophysiology: Esophageal rupture in Boerhaave syndrome is postulated to be the...
		Boerhaave's syndrome is the spontaneous rupture of a non...
	alcoholresearch.lsuhsc.edu /effects/boer.asp (1934 words)

	Boerhaave, Hermann on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the most influential clinicians and teachers of the 18th cent., Boerhaave spent almost his entire life in Leiden, which became a leading medical center of Europe.
		Like Thomas Sydenham he helped to revive the Hippocratic method of bedside instruction; he further insisted on post-mortem examination of patients whereby he demonstrated the relation of symptoms to lesions.
		Boerhaave's syndrome, the spontaneous esophageal rupture, was named so because of his description of a Dutch admiral who overate and experienced a spontaneous rupture of the esophagus following vomiting.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Boerhaav.asp (362 words)

	OBGYN.net Ultrasound Case of the Month - "Back to the Future" for Hermaani Boerhaave, or a rational way to ...
		The object of this paper is to discuss the routine use of ultrasound in estimating the date of delivery and to demonstrate an approach which has both sound epidemiological and statistical bases.
		It was however Harmanni Boerhaave (1744) who formulated a way of calculating the expected date of delivery, and the rule was later given publicity by Franz Naegele (Naegele 1812) to whom it is named after today.
		Just as Boerhaave was not actually measuring the length of pregnancy, and the word "gestation" is used to describe the measurement of time from the last menstrual period to reflect this, so also there is no pretence that this method is determining fetal age.
	www.obgyn.net /us/cotm/9807/cotm_9807.htm (2099 words)

	Herman Boerhaave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Herman Boerhaave (December 31, 1668 - September 23, 1738) was a Dutch humanist and physician of European fame.
		When Peter the Great went to Holland in 1715, to instruct himself in maritime affairs, he also took lessons from Boerhaave.
		His reputation was not confined to Europe; a Chinese mandarin sent him a letter addressed to "the illustrious Boerhaave, physician in Europe," and it reached him in due course.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Herman_Boerhaave (435 words)

	Boerhaave's Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Boerhaave's syndrome: analysis of the literature and report of 18 new cases.
		Boerhaave's syndrome and barogenic injuries of the esophagus.
		Boerhaave revisited: spontaneous esophageal perforation as a diagnostic masquerader.
	home.earthlink.net /~radiologist/tf/092500.htm (218 words)

	The Galileo Project
		Boerhaave was especially significant in teaching and systematizing medicine.
		Boerhaave's wealth was all self made (excluding his wife's inheritance).
		Lindeboom estimates that on Boerhaave's death his estate was 200,000 guilders, with his wife having an equal estate.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/boerhaav.html (767 words)

	Samuel Johnson - Boerhaave
		HERMANN BOERHAAVE (1668-1738), a famous Dutch physician, was Professor of Botany, Chemistry and Medicine at the University of Leyden.
		He was of a robust and athletick constitution of body, so hardened by early severities, and wholesome fatigue, that he was insensible of any sharpness of air, or inclemency of weather.
		Boerhaave lost none of his hours, but, when he had attained one science, attempted another; he added physick to divinity, chymistry to the mathematicks, and anatomy to botany.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles33n/essays-studies-43.shtml (752 words)

	A History of Science Volume IV - Chapter VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If for nothing else, Boerhaave must always be remembered as the teacher of Von Haller, but in his own day he was the widest known and the most popular teacher in the medical world.
		Another very celebrated work of Boerhaave is his Institutiones et Experimenta Chemic, Paris, 1724, the germs of this being given as a lecture on his appointment to the chair of chemistry in the University of Leyden in 1718.
		Boerhaave's doctrines were arranged into a "system" by Friedrich Hoffmann, of Halle (1660-1742), this system having the merit of being simple and more easily comprehended than many others.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/sci/history/AHistoryofScienceVolumeIV/chap40.html (687 words)

	Famous Patients, Famous Operations, 2002 - Part 1: The Case of the Aristocrat with Indigestion
		The main abnormality was a rupture of the lower esophagus, together with free air in the mediastinum and in the abdominal cavity.
		Spontaneous perforation of the esophagus can mimic a heart attack, rupture of the aorta, peptic ulcer disease, and acute pancreatitis. The pathophysiology of Boerhaave's syndrome closely resembles that of Mallory-Weiss syndrome, which is characterized by upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a mucosal tear at the esophago-gastric junction.
		Forceful vomiting may lead to either disease, but in Boerhaave's syndrome, the tear extends through all layers of the esophageal wall. Early recognition followed by prompt surgery remains the treatment of choice for this life-threatening thoracic emergency.
	www.medscape.com /content/2002/00/42/48/424817/424817.xml (725 words)

	eMJA: Partial oesophageal perforation associated with cold carbonated beverage ingestion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Boerhaave’s syndrome is a form of barogenic rupture caused by a rapid rise in intraluminal pressure when there is sudden distension of the oesophagus in a closed space.
		The case we describe here is typical of Boerhaave’s syndrome with partial perforation in terms of the presentation of retrosternal chest pain, odynophagia, fever, leukocytosis and normal chest x-ray, but unusual in its association with carbonated beverage ingestion rather than vomiting.
		Boerhaave H. Atrocis, nec descripti prius, morbi historia secundum medicae artis leges conscripta, lugduni batavorum, boutesteniana.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/181_10_151104/loh10398_fm.html (1213 words)

	We report the case of a 37-year-old man who presented after four days of developing left-sided chest pain... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Boerhaave's syndrome is the most serious and rapidly lethal perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.
		We present here a case of Boerhaave's syndrome who presented to the emergency department with pyopneumothorax 4 days after the onset of symptoms and survived due to urgent surgical intervention.
		Boerhaave's syndrome is the spontaneous transmural rupture of lower oesophagus.
	www.indegene.com /Psy/ClinRound/indPsyCase24.html (1261 words)

	CHEST: Boerhaave's Syndrome Presenting As Purulent Pericarditis With Existing Fibrosing Mediastinitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Discussion: Herman Boerhaave first described this syndrome in the Dutch Admiral de Weesenaer in the 1700's.[1] Common history is a male with alcohol or dietary, excess and Mackler's triad of emesis, subcutaneous emphysema and pain.
		Conclusion: Boerhaave's syndrome is an unusual cause of esophageal perforation.
		Herman Boerhaave Atrocis, nec descripti prius, morbi historia: The first translation of the classic case report of rupture of the esophagus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_4_116/ai_57563266 (830 words)

	Karger Publishers
		Boerhaave dedicated a chapter in his 'Institutiones medicae' to the treatment of lithiasis of the urinary tract.
		Using these methods, Boerhaave felt that stone removal should be achieved, and perhaps reflecting both the status of surgery in the early 18th century and an appreciation of the risks of the surgical procedures available.
		Boerhaave's opinion of lithomy as a last resort when other approaches failed was, 'I think lithotomy is an act of pure faith'.
	content.karger.com /ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Doi=63776 (274 words)

	Chest: Surviving Boerhaave's syndrome without thoracotomy. (rupture of the esophagus)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The diagnosis was not confirmed for 24 h when a barium swallow revealed free rupture of the esophagus into the left pleural cavity.
		Although survival has been reported with nonoperative management of contained esophageal perforations, to our knowledge, this is the first report of surviving Boerhaave's syndrome with free pleural rupture, without thoracotomy.
		In 1724, Hermann Boerhaave described spontaneous rupture of the esophagus in Lord High Admiral Wassenaer.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:15642490&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (153 words)

	Chemistry and Medicine in the 18th Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It was organised jointly between the Royal Society of Chemistry Historical Group, the Museum Boerhaave, the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry, the Chemiehistorische Groep van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Chemische Vereniging and the Genootschap GeWiNa.
		In particular Boerhaave’s repetition of the Hippocratic call for the physician to follow nature as his sole guide led to chemistry (which Boerhaave considered the key to nature) becoming a central part of his medicine.
		The dense texts (initially pirated in Boerhaave’s case and posthumously published from inadequate jottings in Black’s) may not relate closely to what was actually being presented at the lectures.
	www.open.ac.uk /ambix/chemistry-medicine.htm (2001 words)

	JCE 2000 (77) 42 [Jan] Boerhaave on Fire
		In 1741 an English translation of Herman Boerhaave's celebrated textbook Elementa Chemic¾ was published under the title A New Method of Chemistry.
		Boerhaave offers demonstrations and experiments that can be instructively performed today, quantitative data that can be checked against modern equations, and much theory and hypothesis that can be assessed in light of modern chemical ideas.
		Modern students are well able to comprehend and paraphrase Boerhaave, to check his results, appreciate his insights, and identify his shortfalls.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /Journal/Issues/2000/Jan/abs42.html (270 words)

	Hermann Boerhaave
		Herman Boerhaave was born at Voorhout about 15 Km from Leyden in 1668; the son of a Dutch clergyman.
		The syndrome that is named after him he described in 1724 when Grand Admiral of the Dutch Fleet and Prefect of Rhineland Baron J van Wassenaer died soon after developing chest and abdominal pain after vomiting on a full meal.
		Boerhaave performed a post-mortem and identified an oesophageal rupture with spillage of gastric contents into the mediastinum (Boerhaave's syndrome).
	www.surgical-tutor.org.uk /surgeons/boerhaave.htm (175 words)

	Museums
		The Boerhaave Museum is a museum for the history of Medicine and the Natural Sciences.
		Boerhaave was the first to stress the importance of the Natural Sciences for the study of Medicine.
		The innovative work of Boerhaave earned Leiden University international fame.The Museum is housed in the former Cecilia Hospital, which was also used by Boerhaave for educating his students.
	www.leiden.edu /index.php3?c=224 (392 words)

	eMedicine - Esophageal Perforation, Rupture and Tears : Article by Martin J Carey, MD, MPH, BCh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Boerhaave disease generally is associated with vomiting and customarily occurs after drinking and eating binges.
		Chest radiographs may be highly suggestive of perforation in Boerhaave syndrome; however, radiographs are normal in 10-15% of cases.
		Patients with Boerhaave syndrome should be treated in a center with access to intensive care and cardiothoracic surgery.
	www.emedicine.com /EMERG/topic176.htm (2185 words)

	HYLE 8-2 (2002): Book Review: Allen G. Debus: Chemistry and Medical Debate. Van Helmont to Boerhaave, Canton 2001
		Referring to Boerhaave’s and Stahl’s position, Debus rightly notes that it was "a fundamental break with the Paracelsian-Helmontian tradition" (p.
		With an eye for the technological side of the chemical practice, Boerhaave argued that chemical theorizing originated from the fabulous stories made up by miners eager to make sense of the terrifying and inexplicable sides of their job.
		Even Boerhaave, in his 1701 inaugural address for his appointment as lecturer in medicine at the University of Leiden, reconfirmed the need to return to Hippocrates for the advancement of medical studies in an experimental direction.
	www.hyle.org /journal/issues/8-2/rev_giglioni.html (1519 words)

	Herman Boerhaave -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Herman Boerhaave (December 31, 1668 - September 23, 1738) was a (The West Germanic language of the Netherlands) Dutch (A classical scholar or student of the liberal arts) humanist and (A licensed medical practitioner) physician of European fame.
		He is regarded as the founder of the clinical teaching and of the modern academic (A health facility where patients receive treatment) hospital.
		When (Czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government; he extended his territories in the Baltic and founded St. Petersburg (1682-1725)) Peter the Great went to Holland in 1715, to instruct himself in maritime affairs, he also took lessons from Boerhaave.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/he/herman_boerhaave.htm (448 words)

	Boerhaave's syndrome - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Boerhaave's syndrome is the spontaneous rupture of a non-diseased oesophagus, usually after vigorous vomiting.
		It is associated with excessive alcohol ingestion when a dramatically raised pressure may develop in the oesophagus as a result of failure of cricopharyngeal relaxation.
		It is very rare and was first described by Herman Boerhaave in 1724.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-40239083.htm (130 words)

	Herman Boerhaave - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All the princes of Europe sent him pupils, who found in this skilful professor not only an indefatigable teacher, but an affectionate guardian.
		His reputation was not confined to Europe; a Chinese mandarin wrote him a letter directed "To the illustrious Boerhaave, physician in Europe," and it reached him in due course.
		fr:Hermann Boerhaave de:Hermann Boerhaave nl:Herman Boerhaave sv:Hermann Boerhaave
	open-encyclopedia.com /Herman_Boerhaave (412 words)

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