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	Station Information - Bohdan Chmielnicki
		Bohdan Zinovoy Mykhaylovych Khmel'nyts'ky (that being his Ukrainian name; he was known in Polish as Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki, and in Russian as Bogdan Khmelnitsky) (c.
		However when hostilities resumed Chmielnicki's forces suffered a massive defeat in 1651 at the Battle of Beresteczko and were forced at Bila Tserkva to accept a loser's treaty.
		The Ukraine was still perilously weak and in 1654, Chmielnicki persuaded the Cossacks to ally with the Russian czars at the Treaty of Pereyaslavl, a treaty that had poor results for the Ukraine after Chmielnicki's death (the Polish-Muscovite Treaty of Andrusov in 1667).
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/b/bo/bohdan_chmielnicki.html (637 words)

	Bohdan Chmielnicki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chmielnicki was educated by Jesuits.However, unlike many of their other pupils, he did not embrace RomanCatholicism, but early in life became a indifferent for the faith.
		Although Chmielnicki's personal resentment influenced his decision to rid theUkraine of Polish and Ruthenian magnates and Jews, it seems that it was his ambition to become the ruler of Ukraine which was themain motive that led him to instigate the uprising of the Ruthenian people against the magnates and the Jews.
		The Ukraine was still perilously weak and in 1654, Chmielnicki persuaded the Cossacks to ally with the Russian tsars at the Treaty of Pereyaslavl, a treaty that had tragic results for the Ukraine after Chmielnicki'sdeath (the Polish-Muscovite Treaty of Andrusovo in 1667).
	www.therfcc.org /bohdan-chmielnicki-30530.html (615 words)

	Engineering Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654.
		It was waged between the forces loyal to the Commonwealth and Ukrainian Cossacks led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky.
		The occupation of the Republic by Sweden, Muscovy, Brandenburg and Chmielnicki's Cossacks
	www.engineeringencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Chmielnicki_Uprising (505 words)

	Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although Chmielnicki's personal resentment influenced his decision to rid the Ukraine of Polish and Ruthenian magnates and Jews, it seems that it was his ambition to become the ruler of Ukraine which was the main motive that led him to instigate the uprising of the Ruthenian people against the magnates and the Jews.
		However when hostilities resumed Chmielnicki's forces were betrayed by their former allies Tatars and suffered a massive defeat in 1651 at the Battle of Beresteczko and were forced at Bila Tserkva (Biała Cerkiew) to accept a loser's treaty.
		The Ukraine was still perilously weak and in 1654, Chmielnicki persuaded the Cossacks to ally with the Russian tsars at the Treaty of Pereyaslavl, a treaty that had tragic results for the Ukraine after Chmielnicki's death (the Polish-Muscovite Treaty of Andrusovo in 1667).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/bohdan_khmelnytsky (714 words)

	Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmel'nyts'kyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький in Ukrainian, commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Polish as Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bogdan Khmel'nitsky) (c.
		" Bohdan Chmielnicki with Tuhaj-Bej at Lwów", oil on canvas by Jan Matejko, 1885, National Museum in Warsaw.
		The magnates sold and leased certain privileges to the Jews for a lump sum and, while enjoying themselves at their courts, left it to the Jewish leaseholders and collectors to become objects of hatred to the oppressed and long-suffering peasants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bohdan_Chmielnicki (1001 words)

	Encyclopedia: Chmielnicki Uprising
		Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Ð‘Ð¾Ð³Ð´Ð°Ð½ Ð—Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ–Ð¹ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¥Ð¼ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð¸Ñ†ÑŒÐºÐ¸Ð¹ in Ukrainian, commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Polish as Bogdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bohdan Khmelnitsky) (1595 â€“; August 6, 1657) was a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth noble of Polish or Ruthenian origin, leader of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate, hetman of Ukraine, noted for...
		Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький in Polish as Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bogdan Khmelnitsky) (1595 – August 6, 1657) was a Ruthenian (arguably) noble, leader of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate, hetman of Ukraine, noted for his revolt against Poland (1648 – 1654) and the Treaty...
		As Muscovy begun to eclipse the Commonwealth as regional power, it also discarded any pretences of goodwill towards the Cossacks; their autonomy and privileges were drastically stripped and by the time of partitions of Poland ended the existence of the Commonwealth in 1795, Cossacks as a nation were all but gone.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chmielnicki-Uprising (2692 words)

	Bohdan Khmelnytsky
		Chmielnicki Uprising 1648-1654]] Khmelnytsky told the people that the Poles had sold them as slaves "into the hands of the accursed Jews".
		This book was written with a clearly stated intent of raising the national spirit in Poland, and shows the story of Khmelnytsky and the Cossacks from the point of view of the Polish nobles (szlachta), thus glorifying some controversial Polish commanders while vilifying the rebels.
		Accordingly they Beard's Town, in order that we might make a good retreat if it should be place which they fixed upon for their battle ground lay between Honeoy selected, when the Indians arose from their ambush with all the fierceness party upon a retreat.
	www.datamass.net /bo/bohdan-khmelnytsky.html (749 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Chmielnicki, Bohdan Chmielnicki, Khmelnytskyy or Khmelnitsky, Bohdanall: bekhdän´ khmĕlnēt´skē, c.1595-1657, hetman (leader) of Ukraine.
		Khmelnytskyy, Bohdan Khmelnytskyy or Khmelnitsky, Bohdan: see Chmielnicki, Bohdan.
		Founded in 1589 as a fortress, Chigirin served as the residence of the hetman of Ukraine from 1649 (when it was so designated by the Treaty of Zborov between Hetman Bohdan Chmielnicki and the Polish king) until 1...
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Bohdan+Chmielnicki (435 words)

	JewishGates.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chmielnicki's conditions of peace were so extravagant that the Polish commissioners durst not accept them, and in 1649 he again invaded Poland with a countless host of Cossacks and Tatars.
		By the compact of Zborów (Aug. 21, 1649) Chmielnicki was recognized as hetman of the Zaporozhians, whose registered number was now raised from 6000 to 40,000, a general amnesty was also granted, and it was agreed that all official dignities in the Orthodox palatinates of Lithuania should henceforth be held solely by the Orthodox gentry.
		Chmielnicki, by suddenly laying bare the nakedness of the Polish republic, had opened the eyes of Muscovy to the fact that her secular enemy was no longer formidable.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=688 (1962 words)

	Talk:Cossack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cossacks are known of of anti-Jewish pogroms, both in Poland (Chmielnicki Massacres) and in Imperial Russia.
		While the case of Chmielnicki is clear, in Imperial Russia the main History of cossacks article claims that Jews were not allowed to settle in the cossack territory, hence we can speak about anti-Semitism in this case, but not about pogroms.
		The pogroms by Chmelnytskyj and his cossacks (and the haidamakas) was largely a part of the Ukrainian-Polish war (1648–57) [1] where the jews were mainly on the side of the polish opressors.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Cossack (1252 words)

	XMEL.ORG - Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Chmielnicki)
		Because of his great personal impact on events that changed the course of Ukrainian and East European history, scholars consider him to be Ukraine's greatest military and political leader.
		For his services Mykhailo obtained an estate in Subotiv; he sent Bohdan to a Jesuit school in Jaroslav where he received a good education by the standards of the time, mastering Polish and Latin.
		For the vast majority of Ukrainians, both in his day and up to the present, Khmelnytsky has towered as the great liberator, as the heoric figure who by force of his personality and his intellect roused Ukrainians from a centuries-long miasma of passivity and hopelessness and propelled them toward national and socioeconomic emancipation.
	www.xmel.org /bohdan.htm (4345 words)

	Bohdan - Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Information From Answers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chmielnicki, Khmelnytskyy or Khmelnitsky, Bohdanall: bekhdän´ khmelnet´ske, c.1595-1657, hetman (leader) of Ukraine.
		Poland, history of In 1648 Bohdan Khmelnytsky, whom contemporaries likened to Oliver Cromwell, assumed the leadership of the Zaporozhian Cossacks and,
		Chmielnicki, Khmelnytskyy or Khmelnitsky, Bohdan (all: b?khdän ' khmelnet ' ske), c.1595—1657, hetman (leader) of Ukraine.
	www.allbestsite.com /abs/bohdan.html (94 words)

	AllRefer.com - Bohdan Chmielnicki (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Bohdan Chmielnicki, Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biographies
		Bohdan Chmielnicki[all: bukhdAn´ khmelnEt´skE] Pronunciation Key, c.1595–1657, hetman (leader) of Ukraine.
		Two treaties (1649, 1651) with Poland : the second less satisfactory than the first : were broken by the Poles, and the war dragged on.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Chmielni.html (308 words)

	Bohdan Chmielnicki - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bohdan Zinovoy Mykhaylovych Khmemelnytsky (that being his Ukrainian name; he was known in Polish as Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki, and in Russian as Bogdan Khmelnitsky) (c.
		He was born in Chigirin[?], in the Ukraine, and educated by Jesuits.
		For years the people of Little Russia had been oppressed by the Polish.
	www.pilkster.com /bo/Bohdan_Chmielnicki.html (579 words)

	Bohdan Chmielnicki Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Looking For bohdan chmielnicki - Find bohdan chmielnicki and more at Lycos Search.
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		Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmel'nyts'kyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький in Ukrainian, commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Polish as Bogdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bogdan Khmel'nitsky) (c.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Bohdan_Chmielnicki (1003 words)

	BOHDAN KHMELNYTSKY, HERÓI OU BANDIDO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bohdan possuía uma fazenda e em 1646 um nobre polonês chamado Daniel Czaplinski Subotiv, apoiado por nobres locais, aproveitando-se de sua ausência, tomou posse de sua fazenda, invadiu-a matou seu filho mais novo e seqüestrou a mulher com a qual iria se casar.
		Bohdan, então, organizou uma rebelião e, juntamente com os cossacos e contando, ainda, com o auxílio dos tártaros da Criméia, marchou contra os poloneses em abril de 1648.
		Bohdan Khmlnytsky e os cossacos foram derrotados pelo rei da Polônia João Casimiro no que ficou conhecido como a " Batalha de Beresteczko".
	www.ucrania1.hpg.ig.com.br /bohdan.htm (1170 words)

	Zaporizhzhya: The Zaporizhzhya Cossacks
		Persecution of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church after 1596 provoked repeated outbreaks among the Ukrainians, and the Cossacks, as staunch adherents of the Orthodox faith, participated actively in the rebellions.
		Chmielnicki's forces suffered defeat in 1651, however, and were forced at Bila Tserkva to accept a treaty unfavorable to Ukraine.
		In 1654, Chmielnicki persuaded the Cossacks to transfer their allegiance to the Russian czars.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0862062.html (529 words)

	Lviv Ukraine tourist guide - Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		(Portrait: Bohdan Khmelnytsky.) By birth he belonged to the Ukrainian lesser nobility and bore the Massalski, and later the Abdank, coat of arms.
		His father, Mykhailo Khmelnytsky, served as an officer under the Polish crown hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski and his mother, according to some sources, was of Cossack descent.
		Khmelnytsky claimed the divine right to rule over Cossacks as early as 29 July 1648, when in a letter to a Muscovite voivode he titled himself ‘Bohdan Khmelnytsky, by Divine grace hetman with the Zaporozhian Host.’ This formula was repeated in all official Cossack documents.
	lviv.biz /people/bohdan-khmelnytsky (2164 words)

	AllRefer.com - Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyy (CIS And Baltic Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		In 1654, Bohdan Chmielnicki and his Cossacks met at Pereyaslavl to agree that Ukraine, for protection against Poland, become a protectorate of Russia.
		It is on this agreement that all later Ukrainian claims to autonomy were based (see Ukraine).
		The city was called Pereyaslavl until 1943, when it was renamed in honor of Chmielnicki.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/PeryslKh.html (269 words)

	AllEmpires - The Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (Full) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On 28-30 VI 1652 Chmielnicki was defeated at Beresteczko (130 000 Cossack and Tatars against polish forces of about 70 000 soldiers and nobles insurrection) and started looking for assistance from Russia.
		To carry on this plan, he engaged (except elector of Brandenburg), Jerzy Rakoczy prince of Transylvania, Bohdan Chmielnicki (Cossakas leaser) and Boguslav Radziwill.
		When Bohdan Chmielnicki died in 1657 John Wyhowski, the temporary hetman, proceeded immediately to arrange for a return of the Cossacks to Polish sovereignty.
	www.allempires.com /empires/polish_lit_full/polish_lit2.htm (3005 words)

	wiki/Chmielnicki Uprising Definition / wiki/Chmielnicki Uprising Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ukraine was still perilously weak, and in 1654 Khmelnytsky persuaded the Cossacks to ally with the Russian tsar in the highly controversial Treaty of PereyaslavThe Treaty of Pereyaslav was concluded in 1654 in the Ukrainian city of Pereyaslav during the meeting known as Pereyaslavska Uhoda (Pereyaslav Treaty).
		The treaty provided for the protection of the Ukrainian Cossack state during the Bohdan Khmelnytsky rebellion, by the Tsar of Muscovy.
		Participants in the preparation of the treaty at Pereyaslav included the Cossack Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, numerous Cossacks and large visiting contingent from Russia and translators.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Chmielnicki_Uprising (1279 words)

	Hasidic Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Lithuania the Jewish masses mainly lived in densely-populated towns where rabbinical academic culture (in the yeshivot) flourished; while in Ukraine the Jews tended to live scattered in villages far removed from intellectual centers.
		Pessimism in the south became more intense after the Cossacks' Uprising (1648 - 1654) under Bohdan Chmielnicki and the turbulent times in Poland (1648 - 1660), which completely ruined the Jewry of Ukraine, but left comparatively untouched that of Lithuania.
		The economic and spiritual decline of the Jews of what became southern Russia created a favorable field for mystical movements and religious sectarianism, which spread in the area from the middle of the seventeenth to the middle of the eighteenth century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hasidic_Judaism (3245 words)

	History of the Jews in Poland
		The year 1648, when the Cossack uprising under Bohdan Chmielnicki broke up, was a breakthrough in the history of both the Commonwealth and Polish Jewry.
		During Bohdan Chmielnicki's revolt and wars against the Ukraine and Russia Jewish communities in the areas occupied by enemy troops were completely wiped out.
		The role played in the 18th century by Jewish lease holders in the Polish magnates' colonial policy turned the anger of the local populace, as was the case during Bohdan Chmielnicki's uprising, against both the Polish gentry and Jews generally.
	members.core.com /%7Emikerose/history.html (6801 words)

	Bohdan Chmelnyzkyj - netlexikon
		Bohdan Chmelnyzkyj (ukrainisch Богдан Хмельницький, russisch Богдан Хмельницкий bzw.
		Bogdan Chmelnizki, polnisch Bohdan Chmielnicki) (* 1595 vermutlich in Schowkwa, † 6.
		Unterwegs zu besser funktionierenden Gesellschaften von Bohdan Hawrylyshyn
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Bohdan-Chmelnyzkyj.html (288 words)

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