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	Dawoodi Bohras - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dawoodi Bohras are the main branch of the Bohras (a Musta'li subsect of Ismaili Shi'a Muslims) based primarily in India and Pakistan.
		Dawoodi Bohras are encouraged to educate themselves in both religious and secular knowledge, and as a result, the number of professionals in the community is rapidly increasing.
		Dawoodi Bohra men wear a traditional white three piece outfit, plus a white and gold cap (called a topi), and women wear the rida, a distinctive form of the commonly known burka which is distinguished from other forms of the veil due to it often being in colour and decorated with patterns and lace.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dawoodi_Bohras (683 words)

	The Dawoodi Bohra's
		Bohras questioning either the Syedna's lifestyle or the necessity for such a far-reaching oath in these times, have been subject to social boycott officially sanctioned by the Syedna and threats and harassment of an extreme nature.
		The orthodox Bohras expressly attempted to get employees of the bank to resign or face social boycott, asked Bohras to close their accounts and also distributed blank transfer forces to shareholders; the threat of social boycott was held out against those refusing to transfer their shares.
		Nothing was done, however, about the Nathwani Commission's recommendations and to this day reformist Bohras cannot be married by their priests, cannot have their family members buried in the community's burial grounds and suffer direct and indirect attacks just for questioning the validity of a structure which to them seems an anachronism.
	www.pucl.org /from-archives/Religion-communalism/bohra.htm (971 words)

	Musta?lis [Bohras or Bohri] with Tayyibi Ismailism
		Among the Shias of India the Ithna-Asharis are in the majority while the Khojas and Bohras of Western and Central India belong to the two internal divisions of the Isma`ili group of Muslims - the Nizaris [Khojas] with Satpanth Ismailism and the the Musta‘lis [Bohras or Bohri] with Tayyibi Ismailism.
		Bohras accept most aspects of modernity, and support the concept of a pluralist civil society.
		The Bohra clergy has succeeded in establishing a communal identity that is both universally Islamic and unique to the denomination.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/intro/islam-bohra.htm (342 words)

	Alavi Bohras - Introduction
		Alavi Bohras are Isma'ilis because of the fact that they adhered to the imaamat of Imaam Isma'il bin Imaam Ja'far us-Saadiq (AS) when the split occurred in the mainstream Shi'a resulting in Isma'ilis and Ithna-Asharis.
		T he Alavi Bohra community has largely been nurtured into its present form and fame by the endeavors and efforts in various fields by their four du'aat who have led the community in the modern age.
		T hus, at the age of puberty every Bohra, or mumin (believer) pronounces the traditional oath of allegiance which requires the initiate to adhere to the shari'ah and accept the religious leadership of the imaam and the da'i.
	www.alavibohra.org /introduction.htm (1481 words)

	Dawoodi Bohras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Bohras trace their origins to the Fatimid s of Egypt and thus their cultural mores are based on the practices of the Fatimid Imams.
		Dawoodi Bohra women wear a distinctive form of the commonly known burka which is distinguished from other forms of the veil due to it often being in colour and decorated with patterns and lace.
		Bohra women are encouraged to progress in education in the same way as the men.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/D/Dawoodi-Bohras.htm (569 words)

	The Institute of Ismaili Studies: Ismaili Communities - South Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Early in the sixteenth century the headship of the Musta‘li Ismailis passed to an Indian from Sidhpur, and later the headquarters of this Ismaili community were transferred permanently from Yemen to Ahmadabad, where the da‘i could generally count on the religious tolerance of the Mughal emperors.
		Subsequently the Da‘udi Bohras were further subdivided in India as a result of periodic challenges to the authority of their da‘i mutlaq.
		The Bohras, like other Shi‘i Muslims, were periodically persecuted in South Asia, and many converted to Sunni Islam, the religion of the Muslim rulers of Gujarat and elsewhere.
	www.iis.ac.uk /research/encyclopaedias/ismailis_southasia.htm (1884 words)

	The Dawoodi Bohras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bohras consider loyalty to the land of abode to be part of their faith.
		The Dawoodi Bohra Community hailing mainly from Gujarat in western India traces its ancestry to early conversion during the reign of Fatimid Caliph Imam, al-Mustansir in the 11th century.
		The religious hierarchy of the Dawoodi Bohras is essentially Fatimid and is headed by the al-Dai al-Mutlaq, who is appointed by his predecessor in office.
	archive.mumineen.org /publications/Asian_Age/4a.html (854 words)

	The Bohra High Priest and his oppressive taxation system
		A Bohra has to pay to the high priest even before he is born and continues to pay until after he is dead.
		The poor and needy among the Bohras and there are hordes of them contrary to general impression cannot dare ask for their share which is their due.
		No Bohra can ever be buried without this payment The relatives of the dead face lot of harassment and forget their own sorrow, and worry more about this payment.
	www.pucl.org /from-archives/Religion-communalism/bohra-tax.htm (1573 words)

	surat bohra page.
		The term "Bohra" applies most commonly to the Dawoodi Bohras, who are reputed to be the best organized and wealthiest of all Bohras.
		The religious hierarchy of the Dawoodi Bohras is essentially Fatimid and is headed by the Dai mutlaq who is appointed by his predecessor in office.
		At the age of puberty every Bohra, or Momineen (believer) as sectarians call each other, pronounces the traditional oath of allegiance which requires the initiate to adhere to the Shariah and accept the leadership of the Imam and the Dai.
	www.cuteboy.freehomepage.com /custom.html (1005 words)

	Islamica Community Forums - the bohra's
		Bohras believe that when Umar(ra) was collecting the quran, he omitted parts of it relating to Ali(ra) being the real Caliph.
		It is an everyday practise, the bohras believe that if one of them tells the truth about their religion, such as the false quran, he has committed a great sin and will be expelled from their community.
		The bohras believe that their leader is a reincarnation of the previous leader, who was initially a reincarnation of Ali(ra).
	www.islamicaweb.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=193162 (1419 words)

	OPF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Almost all the Bohras are descended from Indian Hindus converted to Ismailism by Yemenite Arab missionaries during the reign of Al-Mustansar (1035-1095).
		Some Bohras claim there are a million Daudi Bohras in Pakistan, but Abdul Hussain, a Bohra himself, in 1920 calculated their numbers to be around 200,000, a figure which is in accord with a British census of 1930 and tax records.
		Bohras eat the same food as other Muslims except for fish, which they avoid because it has not been slaughtered according to Islamic ritual.
	www.opf.org.pk /almanac/M/sects&minor.htm (2999 words)

	Progressive Dawoodi Bohras - Reform Issues
		Progressive Bohras view Misaq or sacred oath as the main instrument of persecution which requrires Bohras to surrender totally to the Sayedna Saheb.
		Bohras who refuse to toe the line are no stranger to persecution, social boycott and constant harassment.
		The Bohra high priest lays claims on all the Bohra mosques in Udaipur, as he does everywhere else around the globe.
	www.dawoodi-bohras.com /issues.htm (737 words)

	IIS - Archive article
		The Imam is in seclusion according to the Bohra belief (in India the Bohras are the followers of the Isma'ili Musta'lian-Tayyabi sect).
		In fact one Bohra couple whose marriage the da'i refused to solemnise as it had reformist sympathies filed a suit in the court of law and the da'i had to take back his firman describing the marriage as illegitimate.
		Recently the Bohra priest of Sri Lanka tried to unsuccessfully block my entry into Colombo and it was pity to see that the Muslim ministers of Sri Lanka were putting pressure on the governmental machinery not to let me in.
	www.csss-isla.com /IIS/archive/archive.php?article=http://www.csss-isla.com/IIS/archive/2000/june.htm (3212 words)

	Faith of the Bohras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		After the death of the 26th Dai-el-Mutlaq in 1588 A.D. there was a schism in the community and as a result the Dawoodi Bohra sub-sect arose which followed Syedna Dawoodbin Qutub Shah, and it was since then that the community came to be called Dawoodi Bohras, the term Bohras reflecting their hereditary calling of trade.
		The Dawoodi Bohras believe that there is one God; that Moulana Mohammed Rasullallah is His Prophet to whom He revealed the Qur’an and that Moulana Ali Amirul Momineen is the Vasi of Prophet Mohammed and succeeded him.
		The Dawoodi Bohras further believe, that so long as the Imam should remain in seclusion, his appointed representative the vicegerent, known as Dai-el-Mutlaq, conducts on behalf of the Imam, his Dawat and administers and receives from the faithful an oath of allegiance.
	jamaats.mumineen.org /ajman/faith.html (511 words)

	About Bohras
		The Muslim community of Daudi Bohras traces its ancestry to early conversions to Ismaili Shiism during the reign of the Fatimid caliph-imam, al-Mustansir (AS) (AH 427-487/1036-1094 AD).
		The religious hierarchy of the Daudi Bohras is essentially Fatimid and is headed by the dai mutlaq who is appointed by his predecessor in office.
		At the age of puberty every Bohra, or mumin (believer) as sectarians call each other, pronounces the traditional oath of allegiance which requires the initiate to adhere to the shariah and accept the leadership of the imam and the dai.
	www.sulemanji.com /bohras.html (1420 words)

	Islamic Voice - Jamadi Ul Awwal 1422 - News from the Islamic World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While Bohra roots in commerce may have helped them in self empowerment on socio-political level, the spiritual leadership of Syedna binds them in a compact entity with time-tested credentials in ensuring solidarity.
		Social mobility had dispersed the Bohra community throughout the world and caused the faithful to lose touch with their spiritual touchstone and widespread losses in the matters of orthodoxy.
		Dawat, the central organization of Bohras, has crafted a novel and modern method of identity definition by issue of cards, green, yellow and red ranging from extremely loyal to basic compliance to probationers categories.
	www.islamicvoice.com /2001-08/book.htm (1539 words)

	MWU!: Comment on Asghar ‘Ali Engineer's Quest for an Islamic Theology of Peace and Religious Pluralism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		I do however think that Bohra Ismailis are an interesting group, unlike my larger group of Isma'ilis who follow the Agha Khan (The Khojas), to which I belong, the Bohras have made the same achievements we have but have retained their Orthodoxy, where we have sought reform and modernisation.
		The Bohras even the orthodox have kept many traditions that the most Orthodox Muslim, Sunni or Shia could be proud...yet they have managed to produce a community that is well educated, highly respected, peaceful and well to do in every nation they have settled, all this I reiterate whilst being very Orthodox.
		Bohra, taken as the sole religious paradigm, is not a form of Islam (for many of the reasons you listed, the chief being the primacy of the priesthood - islam theoretically has no priests, at least not in the hereditary supreme leader sense, something I recall mentioned often in the quran.
	www.muslimwakeup.com /movabletype3/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=2349 (2969 words)

	The Indian Express : National Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		According to Amil Sahab, head of the Bohra community in Ahmedabad, the community suffered a loss of at least Rs 10 crore in the violence.
		This is the first time in the history of the state that we have been specifically identified and targeted,’’ he said.
		The Bohras received a major shock when a mob looted and set ablaze nearly 300 shops owned by the community in Godhra.
	www.indianexpress.com /ie20020306/nat6.html (437 words)

	My Beleifs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Dawoodi Bohra community traces its spiritual heritage from Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his vasi Amirul Momineen Moulana Ali (AS), son-in-law of the Prophet, and continuing through their successors, the Imams, who functioning first from Madinah, spread over to North Africa and Egypt in succeeding centuries.
		Whilst India finds the Dawoodi Bohras concentrated in their largest concentrations, the community is also resident in Pakistan, Madagascar, Zanzibar, countries of Africa, Indonesia and Malaya, Japan and other far eastern territories and ports of trade.
		The Dawoodi Bohras further believe, that so long as the Imam should remain in seclusion, his appointed representative, the Dai al-Mutlaq, conducts on behalf of the Imam his mission (Dawat) and administers and receives from the faithful an oath of allegiance.
	www.mithai.u-net.com /huss/beleifs.htm (1727 words)

	Emissary of Love (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Dawoodi Bohras came to the United States of America as immigrants, students, even as refugees from revolutions.
		The Dawoodi Bohras are no exception and have excelled in their fields of enterprise.
		Recently increasing numbers of Dawoodi Bohras have set up their own businesses under the guidance of and in conformity with the wishes of His Holiness.
	www.atlantajamaat.org /emissary.html (619 words)

	The Dawoodi Bohras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Dawoodi Bohra community of the UK is only of the several kinds of people who have immigrated here either from Africa as students or refugees, or from the Indian sub-continent, and carved in these hospitable isles, a home for themselves.
		Indeed, the Dawoodi Bohras cannot cease to enumerate what they have received from England from the "resources abundantly provided by the government" to the "education that changed my life".
		The community's English friends, on the other hand, find among the Dawoodi Bohras as amongst the other Asian communities, the strong sense of family unity and the deep bonds that tie the younger members of the family with the older ones.
	archive.mumineen.org /publications/Asian_Age/4b.html (1228 words)

	Jonah Blank -Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity among the Daudi Bohras - Chuck Carlson Brad Kirkland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity among the Daudi Bohras
		1: Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity among the Daudi Bohras.
		Mullahs on the Mainframe : Islam and Modernity Among the Daudi Bohras.
	www.bookzsearch.com /256691mullahs_mainframe_islam_modernity_daudi_bohras.html (76 words)

	Bohras
		The word Bohra (also spelled Bohara or Vohra) is derived from the Gujarati vohorvu or vyavahar, meaning "to trade." This has sometimes caused Hindus, Jains, and Muslims of trading communities other than those related to the Tayyibi Ismailis to list themselves on census forms as Bohras.
		The term "Bohra" applies most commonly to the Daudi Bohras, who are reputed to be the best organised and wealthiest of all Bohras.
		Pilgrimages to the shrines of the saints are an important part of the devotional life of Bohras, for the facilitation of which resthouses and assisting organizations have been set up.
	archive.mumineen.org /publications/oup/bohras.html (1382 words)

	Introduction to Bohras
		Dawoodi Bohras are a denomination of Islam with a distinct identity, culture and ethos.
		In common with all Muslims, they affirm the oneness of Allah, believe that the Prophet Muhammad al-Mustafa (s.a.w.) was the last prophet in a chain of prophets from Allah and revere the holy Qur'an, as the final revelation of Allah.
		It is an article of faith for the Bohras, that whilst the Imam chooses to remain in seclusion his mission is headed by his representative called al-Dai al-Mutlaq, meaning absolute caller to the faith.
	www.geocities.com /mohammedzv/docs/bohraintro.html (512 words)

	Progressive Dawoodi Bohras
		The blanket assumption that shariâah is divine and hence unchangeable has to be contested...
		No separation please, we are Dawoodi Bohras: Those who urge reformists to branch out have no idea what reform movement is all about.
		The 12th All World Dawoodi Bohra Conference at Surat on 4th to 6th February 2005.
	www.dawoodi-bohras.com (90 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity Among the Daudi Bohras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Daudi Bohras are both "traditional" and "modern." Blank reviews the community's history, organizational structure, rituals, domestic life, orthopraxy, and maintenance of community boundaries.
		The Bohra have dramatically improved orthopraxy among members, creating a high level of observance of basics while increasing the educational level and scientific sophistication of the community ("there is no conflict whatsoever between science and faith").
		What the Bohras have done, Blank concludes, is to "break down the false dichotomy between modernity and tradition, to let members of the community revel in both." This brilliant study is both academically rigorous and a welcome introduction to the real success of this Islamic community in the modern world.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0226056775 (766 words)

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