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Topic: Boiling tube

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	Boiling tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A boiling tube is a large cylindrical vessel used to strongly heat substances in the flame of a bunsen burner.
		A boiling tube is essentially a scaled-up test tube, being about 50% larger in every aspect.
		Boiling tubes are commonly made from Pyrex glass which can withstand high temperatures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boiling_tube (183 words)

	Patent 4059147: Integral finned tube for submerged boiling applications having special O.D. and/or I.D. enhancement
		Heat transfer tubing adapted to be submerged in a liquid to be boiled as a result of transfer of heat from the interior of the tube to the liquid.
		Tubing as defined in claim 6 in which the helix angle of said fins is related to the helix angle of said ribs such that each rib convolution extends axially of the tube to cross a multiplicity of fin convolutions.
		This tubing, as in the prior Zatell patent, is produced by drawing integrally finned tubing through a circular die in such a way as to bend the fin convolutions transversely so as to bring the tip of each fin convolution into proximity to the side wall of the adjacent fin convolution.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4059147.html (2869 words)

	Test tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A test tube (Sometimes culture tube) is a kind of laboratory glassware, composed of a fingerlike length of glass tubing, open at the top, sometimes with a rounded lip at the top, and a rounded 'U' shaped bottom.
		Vacutainers are a type of test tube that can be used for both collection and storage of blood.
		The use of test tubes in experiments of biology and chemistry were once so ubiquitous they, along with erlenmeyer flasks and beakers, became synonymous with scientific experimentation as a whole and used as icons of all scientific pursuit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Test_tube (206 words)

	[No title]
		Boiling Point Rise The boiling point of a solution is higher than that of the pure solute at the same pressure.
		Boiling temperatures are reached by lowering the operating pressure of the evaporator.
		Tube lengths are from 0.5 to 2m and tube diameters 25 -75 mm.
	www.ucd.ie /~food/html/homepage/evaporation.doc (5694 words)

	Safely Boiling in a Test Tube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Quick vigorous boiling should be avoided to prevent your solutiong from spilling out of the tube.
		Do not fill test tubes past 20% of their capcity when you are heating them.
		When boiling liquids in test tubes, hold the test tube at an angle, as shown, and point it away from yourself and other people.
	ch185.semo.edu /labsafe/testtubeboil.html (117 words)

	MINERAL - Online Information article about MINERAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The colour is changed to a rich orange by a short, rapid passage through boiling milk of lime, and at once washing with water, a basic chromate of lead being thus produced.
		The animal fibres are readily dyed by boiling with a solution of potassium permanganate, which, being at first absorbed by the fibre, is readily reduced to insoluble brown manganic hydrate.
		Since caustic potash is generated from the permanganate and is liable to act detrimentally on the fibre, it is advisable to add some magnesium sulphate to the permanganate bath in order to counter-act this effect.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MIC_MOL/MINERAL.html (3505 words)

	Patent 4182412: Finned heat transfer tube with porous boiling surface and method for producing same
		The invention relates to finned heat transfer tubes and to a method for impoving the heat transfer properties in boiling liquids of such tubes by plating the tubes in an electroplating bath containing conductive particles such as graphite powder to produce a porous plated surface.
		A boiling test comparison in Freon R-11 of a one foot section of my improved plated tube and a similar length of unplated finned tubing heated internally with varying amounts of heat showed substantial improvement for the plated tube as evidenced by lower internal wall temperature readings.
		Air is injected into the air tube 56 and then passes outwardly through the passages 50 where it forms air bubbles 60 which agitate the plating solution 42 and help keep the graphite particles 16 in suspension.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4182412.html (1237 words)

	AERADE subject listing for Evaporation - wet-wall heat transfer, critical heat flux, post dry-out heat transfer.
		After a discussion of the unique features introduced in mixture boiling, caused by the quality change as the lightest component vaporises, a step-by-step calculation procedure is given to obtain the heat flux or the length of tube to vaporise a certain proportion of liquid.
		Tables present, as a function of the boiling number, the ratio of the liquid to vapour density and the quality, the number of data points available, their mean error from the predicted values, and their standard deviation.
		Some guidance is given for dealing with tubes at other orientations and for estimating the pressure drop at inlet to and outlet from the tube and in 180 degree bends that interconnect the horizontal lengths of serpentine coils.
	aerade.cranfield.ac.uk /subject-listing/esdu/ES138.html (1468 words)

	Untitled Document
		Consequently it is only in determining the boiling points of solutions that the thermometer is placed in the liquid, and some arrangement must then be made to promote free ebullition.
		The usual method of determining the boiling point of a pure liquid is to place the bulb of the thermometer in the vapour given off during ebullition.
		The space containing the thermometer should be jacketed in the manner described in connection with the determination of the boiling point of a thermometer (p.
	www.humboldt.edu /%7escimus/Instruments/Therm-Edser/BckmnBpApp.htm (542 words)

	Unwise Microwave Oven Experiments
		Boiling your coffee twice can erase the bubble "nucleation centers." If your luck is bad, the water will superheat to a very high temperature, then explode violently when a single huge steam bubble spontaneously appears.
		A magnetron tube consists of a central electron-emitter, one or two disk-magnets which cause the electrons to swirl in a whirlpool motion, several tuned cavities with their open mouths pointed into the whirlpool of charges, and a high voltage power supply which moves the electrons along at high velocity.
		With luck, you might even be able to connect an "exit tube" to one of the bottles, connect the tube to a sealed metal cabinet, then actually heat any objects which are placed in the cabinet.
	www.eskimo.com /%7ebillb/weird/microexp.html (8253 words)

	Heat Transfer in Boiling of Nonazeotropic Mixtures of Refrigerating Agents within a Horizontal Tube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is found that the intensity of heat transfer depends on the regimes of flow and is determined by the mutual effect of bubble boiling and forced convection.
		The characters of the dependences of the heat transfer coefficients on the basic regime parameters in boiling of a mixture and of its components are qualitatively the same.
		It is found that a substantial effect on bubble boiling is exerted by mass transfer, with its maximum falling on the region with the concentration of R22 in liquid 0.30−0.40 kg/kg.
	www.edata-center.com /journals/46784ef93dddff27,62a9a6b1316cf959,3ed7a7ff4e392c9c.html (293 words)

	High Flux Heat Transfer Tube with Aluminum Porous Coating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To reduce the consumption of the energy and loss in the energy level during the process of transfer and transformation of energy, compact heat exchangers with high performance must be adopted..
		Aluminum porous surface tubes are made by special devices and support system under specific conditions.
		On site measurements demonstrate that the boiling state heat generation coefficient of condenser is 6.3 times than that of condenser with smooth surface tubes.
	www.5continentsusa.com /h-trans.htm (236 words)

	Westinghouse Electric Company \| Products & Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A steam generator is a boiling shell and tube heat exchanger that is under a delicate balance between water/steam and chemistry, including particulate, colloid, and dissolved chemical.
		Boiling results in tube fouling with particulate deposit and dissolved chemical precipitate on the tube wall.
		Tube fouling appears as tube scale, and its morphology dictates an increase or decrease in boiling efficiency and/or extra heat resistance.
	www.westinghousenuclear.com /C2c55.asp (318 words)

	[No title]
		Place the boiling tube in the water-bath and assemble for steam distillation.
		Add 15 ml of sodium chloride/sodium hydroxide solution to the distilland in the boiling tube and steam-distil again, collecting the distillate in a 250 ml volumetric flask containing 6.5 ml of 2N hydrochloric acid.
		Leave the boiling tube standing in the water-bath for about 10 minutes before passing any steam through.
	www.library.ucsf.edu /tobacco/batco/OCR/1400/1429.txt (722 words)

	Hydrogen Balloons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When the reaction is bubbling vigorously use an elastic band to attach the opening end of your plastic bag to the tube and collect the hydrogen gas.
		Attach the same plastic bag or balloon to this second tube as soon as the gas is coming off vigorously.
		Repeat this procedure until you have collected gas from all the boiling tubes.
	www.science.demon.co.uk /handbook/21.htm (424 words)

	UNChemLesson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Heat a thermometer and capillary tube in a beaker of water on a tripod.
		Tube 2: Put a few pieces of anhydrous calcium chloride or silica gel in the bottom of a dry test-tube, and also two nails.
		The water levels inside and outside the tube should be the same and the level should be marked on the tube.
	www.uq.edu.au /_School_Science_Lessons/UNChemLesson.html (16272 words)

	MVHS: Projects: Collaborative: Boiling Point Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If you're going to do the boiling point of water determination at the same time, be sure to use distilled water and boiling chips.
		When you remove a capillary tube from where it's attached to the thermometer by the rubber band, it's usually easier to take off the rubber band than to try to pull the capillary tube from under the rubber band.
		For your first trial you should have one capillary tube attached to the thermometer (by the rubber band) so that the sample is next to the thermometer bulb.
	mvhs1.mbhs.edu /mvhsproj/projects/boiling/boiling.html (1117 words)

	Cross Flow Boiling in Tube Bundles - Storming Media
		This problem is of great importance to the boiling induced corrosion in the steam generator crevices between the tube and the support structures.
		In the report of 1982, the results of forced convective boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux in crevices are shown.
		In this report, the boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux in horizontal crevices are reported.
	www.stormingmedia.us /12/1276/A127631.html (256 words)

	IHS ESDU: Data Item 90001
		ESDU 90001 gives methods for calculating the heat transfer coefficient in the post dry-out region (that is when the critical heat flux is exceeded and the liquid no longer wets the tube walls) for upward flow in vertical tubes.
		Detailed step-by-step calculation procedures are set out in both cases for the determination of either the wall temperature when the tube is subjected to known heat flux (for example, when electrically heated) or the heat flux when the tube is heated to a known temperature, and all four cases are illustrated by worked example calculations.
		For steam/water the method is stated to provide a root mean square error on wall temperature of about 10 per cent by comparison of predictions with some 2000 experimental values for which the ranges of the variables are also given.
	www.esdu.com /graphics/dataitem/90001.htm (364 words)

	Numerical Analysis of Two-phase Flow in Spaces of Horizontal Tube Bundle during Nucleate Boiling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shell-side boiling heat transfer in horizontal tube bundles is encountered commonly in kettle reboilers and flooded evaporators used for air conditioning, refrigeration, water chilling and chemical industry so far.
		Their relative magnitude may be changeable with various parameters such as tube position in a bundle, tube arrangement, pitch-to-diameter ratio, number of heated tubes located below a tube of interest, heat flux, boiling fluid and system pressure.
		Boiling fluid is refrigerant R-113 saturated at atmospheric pressure and tube bundles are three columns and four rows in the equilateral in-line and staggered arrangements.
	www.mech.kyushu-u.ac.jp /kiene/ene03/bai/papers/bundle2.html (555 words)

	Junior Part oxidation of ethanol experimental sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Clamp the boiling tube so that the end of the tube is immersed in a beaker of cold water (see the diagram above).
		When the ethanol has been added, heat the beaker of water until a gentle boiling is produced in the boiling tube.
		Leave the boiling tube in the hot water for about twenty minutes, then remove the heat, and allow the boiling tube and its contents to cool down.
	www.rjclarkson.demon.co.uk /junior/oxidethanol.htm (284 words)

	Determination of boiling point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Insert into the boiling tube and support the thermometer with a clamp so that it does not touch the bottom of the boiling tube.
		Place the above boiling tube assembly in the water bath so that the surface level of the liquid in the boiling tube is beneath the surface level of the water bath.
		Carefully heat the water bath with the Bunsen burner until a rapid stream of bubbles continuously emerges from the capillary tube.
	mypchem.com /myp10/myp10e/myp10e_htm/b.p.determination.htm (268 words)

	Junior Part esterification of ethanol experimental sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Add an anti-bumping granule or two, and heat up the water bath until the reaction mixture in the boiling tube starts to boil gently.
		Then raise the boiling tube out of the water bath and leave to cool.
		Carefully add some sodium or calcium carbonate to the boiling tube until no more fizzing is produced.
	www.rjclarkson.demon.co.uk /junior/esterethanol.htm (172 words)

	A Water Resource for the Community Science Action Guide
		Clamp the boiling tube at a slight angle, so you can heat the bottom of the tube.
		Put the thermometer into the tube and carefully clamp it, so it doesn't touch the base or side of the boiling tube.
		Heat the liquid water until it boils and record the temperature it boils at.
	sln.fi.edu /guide/bond/purity.html (196 words)

	Is the rate at which Pepsin digests protein affected by temperature?
		After 10 minutes have passed, rinse out and dry the boiling tube well, and repeat this paragraph 5 times.
		Add enough water from the hot tap for the water to reach the temperature between 30-40°C. While you are waiting for the water bath to reach the correct temperature, fill a clean boiling tube with 25cm² egg white suspension, 5cm² pepsin and 5 drops hydrochloric acid.
		This time, it must be at the temperature range of 40-50°C. While waiting for it to reach the temperature, you can fill another boiling tube up with 25cm² egg white suspension, 5cm² pepsin and 5 drops hydrochloric acid.
	www.coursework.info /i/11370.html (459 words)

	Cross Flow Boiling in Tube Bundles - Storming Media
		Experimental results of forced convective boiling of a horizontal tube in a channel as well as in a bundle are reported.
		The difference between a single tube in a channel and a tube in a bundle is attributed to the different flow field environment and thermal environment.
		An empirical Critical heat flux (CHF) correlation of forced convective boiling from a single tube in a channel is proposed.
	www.stormingmedia.us /75/7558/A755851.html (270 words)

	topic07.html
		When bubbles of vapour form in a boiling liquid, the vapour pressure of the gas in the bubbles is greater than atmospheric pressure.
		The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid equals the pressure of the atmosphere, 1 atmosphere.
		Boiling chips (anti-bumping granules) are added to chemical reactions to keep the bubbles small and aid steady boiling.
	www.uq.edu.au /_School_Science_Lessons/topic07.html (8745 words)

	Weather Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A temperature scale where water at sea level has a freezing point of 0 degrees C (Celsius) and a boiling point of +100 degrees C. More commonly used in areas that observe the metric system of measurement.
		The height of the column of mercury in the tube is a measurement of air pressure.
		As atmospheric pressure increases, the mercury is forced from the cistern up the tube; when the atmospheric pressure decreases, the mercury flows back into the cistern.
	www.nkelectronics.com /ww/info/infoindex.html (6058 words)

	[No title]
		About 20g of copper sulphate is placed in the tube which is then weighed again.
		A colourless liquid is seen to condense in the test tube and the copper sulphate changes from blue to white.
		When there is no further change the apparatus is allowed to cool and the boiling tube re-weighed.
	www.mikecurtis.org.uk /cuso4.htm (257 words)

	A complete guide to making your own honey wine mead?
		Boiling - I am not a big suporter of the boiling method as I think it removes many of the subtle qualities from the honey.
		There is great debate about boiling the liquor and there are as many thoughts on the reasons to do so as there are not to.
		Several of the reasons to boil are that when you boil the liquor you are able to collect the scum that rises in the pot.
	www.rabbitsfootmeadery.com /CAGM/guide_to_mead.html (4266 words)

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