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Topic: Boletales

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	Boletales
		An analysis employing parsimony and character compatibility methods is carried out for selected species in the various families constituting the order Boletales s.l.
		The results indicate that Paxillaceae is paraphyletic, actually representing a primitive matrix from which many of the other families have evolved.
		Fischer, M. Zur Systematik der Boletales: Isolierung und Kennzeichnung von DNA aus Fruchtkörpern und Mycelkulturen.
	folk.uio.no /klaush/boletale.htm (309 words)

	Phylogenetic relationships of cyphelloid and aquatic homobasidiomycetes
		The Boletales are diverse in both morphology and ecology.
		Members of the Boletales obtain carbon nutrition by entering into ectomycorrhizal symbioses or by decaying wood, and a few are suspected to be mycoparasites.
		For example, poor resolution of the basal clades of Boletales makes it difficult to infer the ancestral form of the group; lack of understanding of generic boundaries makes it difficult to assess relationships of newly discovered species; and ambiguous species limits within many clades are a barrier to ecology and biodiversity studies.
	www.clarku.edu /faculty/dhibbett/Boletales_stuff/Boletales_summary.htm (628 words)

	Boletales - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Boletes, the best known members of the order Boletales are mushrooms characterized by holding their spores in a spongy mass of vertical tubes (pores) on the underside of the mushroom, instead of on gills (as are found in agarics).
		Boletes belong to the botanical families Boletaceae and Gyroporaceae, the latter small group previously not having been separated.
		The polypores (order Polyporales) are similar to Boletales in that their spore-bearing structures consist of a layer of vertical tubes.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Boletus (158 words)

	Boletus Fr.
		Total DNA was successfully isolated from fresh and lyophilized fruiting bodies and mycelia from six taxa of Boletus, five taxa of Leccinum, four taxa of Paxillus, and one taxon each of Leucogyrophana, Scleroderma, and Strobilomyces.
		Jianfengling tropical forest region is rich in resources of Boletales fungi, which are the largest macrofungus population both in species and quantity.
		Considerable heterogeneity of soluble proteins in different Boletales species and their certain species specificity are established.
	ccfb.cornell.edu /lit/boletus.html (1699 words)

	Cornell Mushroom Blog » Paxillus, a gilled bolete
		Using a couple of different keys, I decided that this specimen was Paxillus filamentosus, a member of the family Paxillaceae and order Boletales.
		Clues to this unexpected affinity lie in their fleshy texture and the fact that the gills can be readily pulled away from the cap, as can the pore surface of boletes.
		Recently, based on these molecular techniques, earthballs—which resemble tough-skinned puffballs—have been revealed as members of the Boletales (other puffballs are more closely related to the Agaricales).
	hosts.cce.cornell.edu /mushroom_blog/?p=82 (769 words)

	The Genus Gomphidius (MushroomExpert.Com)
		While I am willing to work hard, for example, to extract the meat of a freshly boiled crab leg, I see no reason to put such efforts into eating what are, by all accounts, mediocre mushrooms.
		Recent research has placed Gomphidius within the Boletales, along with Paxillus and Phylloporus.
		All of these gilled mushrooms were previously located in the Agaricales.
	mushroomexpert.com /gomphidius.html (355 words)

	Boletales at AllExperts
		The order also includes some gilled mushrooms (such as species of Paxillus and Gomphidius) which have the same flesh texture as the Boletes, spore-bearing tissue which is also easily separable from the cap, and similar microscopic characteristics of spores and cystidia.
		Molecular phlyogeny has moved several other physically dissimilar species into Boletales, including the earthballs.
		However their flesh generally has a much tougher consistency and they are not closely related taxonomically.
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/bo/boletales.htm (222 words)

	The Boletes (MushroomExpert.Com)
		Dried and reconstituted, however, they are almost unbeatable.
		To see how the order Boletales is currently divided into families and genera, see the Taxonomy page.
		Partial veil present (check cap margin, stem, and pore surface of button-stage specimens).
	www.mushroomexpert.com /boletales.html (865 words)

	BOLETALES E.-J. Gilbert, 1931 (spongecap taodstools and their relatives)
		BOLETALES E.-J. Gilbert, 1931 (spongecap taodstools and their relatives)
		BOLETALES may also be covered by literature listed under:
		Boletales may be associated with taxa listed at higher taxonomic level
	www.bioimages.org.uk /HTML/T74587.HTM (159 words)

	Derivation of a polymorphic lineage of Gasteromycetes from boletoid ancestors -- Binder and Bresinsky 94 (1): 85 -- ...
		The Boletales is a predominantly ectomycorrhizal group of homobasidiomycetes
		Bresinsky A., Besl H., 1978 Notizen über Vorkommen und systematische Bewertung von Pigmenten in Höheren Pilzen (3).—Untersuchungen an Boletales aus Amerika Z Mykol 45:247-264
		Lee SB, Taylor JW., 1990 Isolation of DNA from fungal mycelia and single cells In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, eds.
	www.mycologia.org /cgi/content/full/94/1/85 (4345 words)

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