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| | [No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) |
 | | The first encounter was in 1233 - the Mongols of Dzhebe and Sabade, after their spring victory over a Russo-Kipchak army on the Kalka river, were in their turn defeated by the Bulgars at Samarskie Luki in the autumn. |
 | | Initially, at the time of the Khazars, it was a loose confederation of newcomers and natives, Turkic and Finno-Ugric tribes - Bulgars, Sabirs, Essengels, Bersuls, etc. Bolgar had first to break the rivalry of the other towns/trading centres, especially Suvar - the town of the Sabirs, and to subdue the neighbouring tribes. |
 | | The Arab traveller Al Muhtali wrote in 982: 'Bolgar is a town, situated on the river Etil (Volga). |
| www.kroraina.com /fadlan/volga_b.txt (2241 words) |
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