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Topic: Bolivian gas referendum, 2004

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	Bolivian Gas War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bolivian Gas War, also called the First Bolivian Gas War (after the 2005 Bolivia protests began to be referred to as the Second Bolivian Gas War) was a conflict in Bolivia centering around the exploitation of the country's vast natural gas reserves.
		They further argue that exporting the gas will simply be the latest case of many centuries of exploitation of Bolivia's natural resources by foreigners, starting with silver and gold from the 17th century onward and tin in the 20th century.
		Bolivians began vociferously campaigning against the Chilean option, arguing instead that the pipeline should be routed north through the Peruvian port of Ilo, 260 km further from the gas fields than Mejillones.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bolivian_Gas_War (1713 words)

	Bolivian gas referendum, 2004 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The referendum was one of the first promises made by President Carlos Mesa upon assuming the presidency in the aftermath of the Bolivian Gas War of October 2003 that saw his predecessor, Gonzalo SÃ¡nchez de Lozada, forced to resign and to flee the country.
		The referendum was largely intended to quell the political unrest seen during the Gas War in 2003.
		Fears of an uprising led the Bolivian government to take measures essentially forcing the population to vote (announcing fines and penalties for those who refused or boycotted) and warned that protesters against the referendum would be imprisoned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bolivian_gas_referendum,_2004 (483 words)

	EnergyBulletin.net \| Bolivian leader bets his future on gas referendum \| Energy and Peak Oil News
		LA PAZ, Bolivia — Bolivians will decide Sunday how to develop the nation's huge natural gas reserves in a referendum that is vital for President Carlos Mesa as he battles to stave off a revolt by indigenous Indians.
		Widespread fury at plans to export natural gas lay behind a siege of the capital by Indian groups last October, in which dozens of people died and Mesa's pro-Washington predecessor, President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada, was ousted.
		Opposition to exporting gas shows how Bolivians, who grow up with tales of their ancestors' slavery in Spanish colonial silver mines, have come to reject decades of market reforms they say help foreign firms and European-descended elites.
	www.energybulletin.net /1065.html (741 words)

	Bolivian Voters Appear to Support Gas Industry Nationalization
		Bolivians, who have an average per capita annual income of just $953, remain divided on how to exploit the nation's vast, untapped wealth.
		In the gas-rich southeast, the referendum is viewed as a move on regional wealth.
		The absence of violence and large voter turnout strengthen Mesa's hand in dealing with the powerful gas sector and an unruly congress that is largely discredited in the eyes of voters.
	www.commondreams.org /cgi-bin/print.cgi?file=/headlines04/0718-06.htm (833 words)

	MABB: May 2004
		The Bolivian Workers Union (COB), which comprises of the corresponding regional workers unions as well as other civic organizations such as regional miners unions, regional transport workers unions, urban and rural teachers unions and so on, decided to increase their protests to pressure the government into attending their demands and to disavow the upcoming referendum.
		They further argued the referendum did not addressed the will of the Bolivian population, which is the nationalization of gas and the derogation of the current hydrocarbons law.
		The main demand of the social sectors is the nationalization of the energy resources (natural gas, oil, etc.), but the question here is asking whether the government should recover the rights of ownership of the hydrocarbons by means of renegotiating the terms of the contracts with the energy companies.
	mabb.blogspot.com /2004_05_01_mabb_archive.html (4923 words)

	Bolivia’s Referendum About More Than Gas - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		In this milieu, the average Bolivian citizen was left to ask why, under Sánchez de Lozada’s plan, private companies and not the Bolivian treasury appeared to benefit most from gas exports.
		Within Bolivia, the debate over gas reserves aggravated long-standing issues of regionalism, which have divided the western highlands and the gas-rich east and south for decades.
		Much remains to be done before Bolivia begins to pump gas from the ground, beginning with congressional approval of a new oil and gas law.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/natres/oil/2004/0830referendum.htm (1289 words)

	Bolivian Gas War - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Bolivian Gas War was a conflict in Bolivia centering around the exploitation of the country's vast natural gas reserves.
		The conflict, which was intensified by long-simmering grievances over the government's economic coca eradication policies, and extreme corruption, as well as the abusive military policies came to a head in October 2003.
		The gas reserves were discovered in the mid-1990s and are located in the south-eastern province of Tarija, and are the second-largest in South America.
	www.free-definition.com /Bolivian-Gas-War.html (1412 words)

	bolivia.indymedia.org \| Enforced Democracy: the Bolivian referendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		But Bolivians are sick of watching the wealth of their nation stolen from underneath their feet.
		They are well aware that the referendum is being used as a tool to legitimize the government and as an attempt to pacify them, to get them to return to their homes and their routines.
		But to Eduardo, that Jennifer doesn't add his exact opinion and spin to her reporting of the facts, that means that she made "mistakes." Eduardo's is the familiar discourse of Power that wishes to leave news reporting in the hands of neutered and spayed "official journalists" like Juan Forero of the New York Times.
	bolivia.indymedia.org /gn/2004/07/10498.shtml (3590 words)

	[Marxism] Thoughts on Bolivian referendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Some observations on Bolivia referendum This is just some thoughts nad notes which I have put together for an article I am writing on the referendum, Feedback and other info would be great appreciated.
		A week before the referendum he signed a deal with the IMF allow free export of gas from Oct 2004, even though this issue was one of the questions to vote on.
		It was clear that the referendum really only allowed two choices, vote YES as supported by the US, petrol corporations, neoliberal parties etc and MAS (parcially) or abstain, aa a NO vote was basically set up to mean support of Sanchez de Lozada.
	lists.econ.utah.edu /pipermail/marxism/2004-July/011171.html (1367 words)

	Guardian \| Bolivian president hails gas referendum win
		The Bolivian president, Carlos Mesa, today claimed victory after exit polls showed voters had backed him in a referendum regarding the future of the country's vast natural gas reserves.
		Political analysts said the referendum's questions had been so vague that interpreting them and enacting legislation would prove challenging for Mr Mesa, who has no formal political support in a Congress that is known for its internal squabbling.
		The gas reserves have pitted the wants of poor Indians in the western Andean plains against those of the business elite in the eastern and southern lowlands, where the gas is located.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4974108-103681,00.html (557 words)

	Bolivia, after the referendum the fight is on
		During all the referendum process President Mesa said that he was going to respect the contracts that are still valid with the hydrocarbon multinational companies like Repsol, Total Fina, BP and Petrobras among others.
		Evo Morales' statements on the referendum campaign cost him his expulsion from the COB (Bolivian TUC) and the hatred of the Bolivian worker and peasant activists.
		He presented the referendum as "a popular conquest of October" (in reference to the insurrection that took place in October 2003 which was provoked by Losada´s attempts to sell off the gas).
	www.marxist.com /Latinam/bolivia_after_ref0704.html (1903 words)

	Ciao!: Bolivian state of the union
		Posted by: rabble at January 6, 2004 01:47 AM Yes, the correct number is $50 million USD destined for El Alto, North Potosi and the outskirts of Santa Cruz.
		Posted by: eduardo at January 6, 2004 05:12 AM I made the correction in the post that the figure for the Emergency Social Fund was $50 million.
		Posted by: Miguel at January 6, 2004 02:27 PM My complaint towards the coalition system boils down to the degree to which the pegas undermine the entire public administration.
	www.centellas.org /miguel/archives/000564.html (1669 words)

	Bolivian congress backs energy referendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Congress voted to provide a constitutional framework for the referendum, which was called in April by presidential decree.
		The vote means any challenges to the legitimacy of the referendum should founder in the constitutional courts.
		That uprising was fuelled partly by opposition to private-sector plans to export the country's abundant natural gas reserves.
	www.latinpetroleum.com /printer_3491.shtml (274 words)

	ZNet \|Bolivia \| Bolivia's Gas Referendum
		In short, opposition movement leaders contended that the referendum, since it was not retroactive, would leave Bolivian gas and oil in the same multinational hands that acquired it before neoliberalism fell into the crisis that led to SÃ¡nchez de Lozada's downfall on October 17, 2003.
		On the evening of the 15, speaking on PAT (a television station of which President Mesa is a major shareholder), Mesa equated social protest with violence, intolerance, and disrespect for democracy, and used his formidable skills as a television broadcaster to persuade his audience of the specters he conjured up for them.
		Choque explained that what Bolivians like her wanted was for her and her children to eat better, to have decent lunches instead of soup and bread, and she explained that that would never happen unless Bolivian gas was sold at world market prices (as opposed to 20 per cent of said prices).
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=52&ItemID=5912 (1651 words)

	Bolivian gas referendum, 2004 - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Some have pointed out that the complete nationalization of gas resources – the main demand of the protest ers and, indeed, of the majority of the Bolivian population – was not a potential outcome of the referendum.
		Fears of an uprising led the Bolivian government to take measures essentially forcing the population to vote (announcing fine s and penalties for those who refused or boycotted) and warned that protesters against the referendum would be imprisoned.
		International corporate interests, seeking to supply US, Mexican and Europe an demand, have for years been lobbying for the cheap sale of what is thought may well be the landlocked country's last profit able natural resource.
	www.music.us /education/B/Bolivian-gas-referendum,-2004.htm (702 words)

	BW Online \| July 5, 2004 \| Online Extra: Q&A with Bolivian President Mesa
		The questions we are posing [in the referendum] don't modify at all the possibility of, or the willingness to maintain existing investments and to generate new investments.
		Once the referendum is resolved, and I hope the answer will be "yes" [that the hydrocarbons law should be revised and that surtaxes should be charged], then we immediately have to work on...negotiating with investors and defining [gas export] programs with countries like Mexico, Argentina and others.
		But the gas issue also is being used as a political instrument by radical minorities who don't believe in democracy and who want to push things to a level of unsustainable tension.
	www.businessweek.com /magazine/content/04_27/b3890170_mz058.htm (2270 words)

	Bolivia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Financial Times, UK -: July's referendum, the first of its kind in Bolivia's history, is expected to prove the most important test yet of popular support for Mr Mesa and his promises...
		July's referendum, the first of its kind in Bolivia's history, is expected to prove the most important test yet of popular support for Mr Mesa and his promises...
		The crisis was set off by an imminent government decision to export natural gas via Chile, with which Bolivia fought a war at the end of the 19th century and...
	www.world-news-watch.com /world/062004/Bolivia.html (12840 words)

	La Paz - Current News & Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Twelve years ago, the owners of the Forno textiles factory in the Bolivian city of La Paz installed a bronze plaque celebrating ``70 years in the vanguard of...
		Bolivians support government exerting greater control over US and...
		She went on to explain that La Paz may be full of poor, short people, but that in the east, people are tall, white and speak English.
	news.daylightonline.com /La_Paz.html (5611 words)

	noozy.net - Archived news from reuters international July 18 2004
		Bolivian President Carlos Mesa appeared on course to win a referendum to increase state control over the country's huge natural gas reserves, state television said on Sunday, in a victory for his government as it tries to appease impoverished Indian groups.
		Voting was mostly peaceful as Bolivians turned out on Sunday for a referendum that has split the country between its majority Indians and European-descended elites over who should benefit most from huge natural gas reserves.
		Bolivians voted on Sunday in a crucial referendum over the future of the country's huge natural gas reserves as security forces guarded ballot boxes against Indian sabotage threats.
	noozy.net /archives/reuters.s/international.c/2004-07-18.d (1828 words)

	Enforced Democracy: the Bolivian referendum : Melbourne Indymedia
		Enforced Democracy: the Bolivian referendum : Melbourne Indymedia
		After a long day of tension, rumors, and ocasional provocations, Bolivian polling stations have closed and the counting of votes is underway.
		Opinions are those of the contributors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Melbourne Independent Media Center.
	melbourne.indymedia.org /print.php?id=74380 (1984 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Bolivian congress backs oil and gas referendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		10-06-04 Bolivia's president Carlos Mesa, has won crucial political backing for a July referendum aimed at deciding the future of the country's oil and gas industry.
		The $ 6 bn (EUR 5 bn, £ 3.3 bn) project -- led by BP and BG Group of the UK and Repsol-YPF of Spain -- involves piping the gas from Tarija, in southern Bolivia, to a liquefying plant on the Chile coast.
		From there it was to go to Mexico, where it would go into local and California gas and electricity grids.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntl42663.htm (289 words)

	portland imc - 2004.07.18 - Enforced Democracy: the Bolivian referendum
		With forty percent abstention and fifteen percent of ballots thus far either blank or void, it seems that only about forty-five percent of the electorate voted at all - that is to say, about twenty-three percent of Bolivian's population.
		Whatever the government decides to do with the final figures, the people have spoken very clearly - this referendum doesn't come close to their primary demand - nationalization of their gas - which they have been clearly stating for a long time.
		Make a link between the Bolivian "unrest" and al-Qaeda (NSA massages chatter making a case that one of the 911 hijackers might have been in Bolivia).
	portland.indymedia.org /en/2004/07/292855.shtml (2123 words)

	Americas Program \| Commentary \| Bolivia’s Referendum About More Than Gas
		President Carlos Mesa won a stunning political victory last month when Bolivian voters overwhelming approved a five-point referendum, endorsing his plans to develop Bolivia’s gas reserves.
		Later in the same week, a senior Bolivian diplomat made an even stronger case, stating emphatically that Bolivia would never sell “a single molecule of gas&rdquo; to Chile.
		Ronald Bruce St John, “Bolivia’s Referendum About More Than Gas,” Americas Program (Silver City, NM: Interhemispheric Resource Center, August 30, 2004).
	www.americaspolicy.org /commentary/2004/0408bolivia_body.html (1299 words)

	MacroPeru: Boliviaâs Referendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		By Ronald Bruce St John (August 2, 2004)
		By Ronald Bruce St John (May 24, 2004)
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	macroperu.blogspot.com /2004/09/bolivias-referendum.html (1288 words)

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