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	Boll weevil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The boll weevil contributed to the economic woes of Southern farmers during the 1920s--a situation exacerbated by the Great Depression.
		The monument was constructed as a tribute to the animal that brought a new era of prosperity to Coffee County.
		The boll weevil, and sometimes even the entire monument, has been stolen many times through out the years and each time was found and repaired by the city of Enterprise until July 11, 1998.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boll_Weevil (879 words)

	boll weevil. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Boll weevil devastation was a major reason for diversification of the South’s historic cotton economy.
		The weevil’s resistance to some poisons, and the removal of some poisons from the market, have encouraged Integrated Pest Management, e.g., the use of safer insecticides, synthetic growth regulators, and pheromone traps, and the release of sterile males to frustrate reproduction.
		The boll weevil is classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Coleoptera, family Curculionidae.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bo/bollweev.html (348 words)

	Program
		The boll weevil colonized northern and western portions of Texas during a subsequent range expansion that occurred between 1953 and 1966.
		Yield losses attributed to the boll weevil, the cost of insecticide control, environmental considerations, infestation of secondary insects and insect resistance all have resulted in an aggressive effort to develop a beltwide strategy for controlling the boll weevil in the United States.
		In view of the economic and environmental problems posed by the boll weevil and in recognition of the technical advances developed over a period of almost 100 years by hardworking and talented scientists, a cooperative boll weevil eradication experiment was initiated in 1971 in southern Mississippi and in parts of Louisiana and Alabama.
	www.txbollweevil.org /Program_information/History.htm (1461 words)

	We Don't Cotton to Boll Weevil ‘Round Here Anymore
		Agricultural Research Service boll weevil scientists have almost succeeded in working themselves out of a mission in the best possible way—by having helped to create a program that is closing in on its goal of eradicating the boll weevil from the United States.
		Hope for stopping the boll weevil in its beetle tracks was relatively bleak until the 1970s, when research by ARS and universities like Texas AandM, Louisiana State University, Mississippi State University, and others evolved into a complex of tools that had the potential to remove this foreign invader from the country.
		The boll weevil eradication program depends primarily on detection and carefully targeted insecticide use, unlike the screwworm program to which it is often compared but which depended on biological control—releasing sterile male insects to prevent reproduction.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/feb03/boll0203.htm (2541 words)

	B-1721 Cultural Control of the Boll Weevil: A Four Season Approach - Texas Rolling Plains
		Boll weevil damage is lower in late-May cotton for two reasons: effective emergence is reduced and population development is hindered by high temperatures during July (refer to the Summary in Summer Cultural Control).
		Boll weevils may tend to concentrate in cotton planted in a north-south direction because day time temperatures are cooler within the plant canopies.
		Boll weevil damage was 46 percent higher in 20 inch rows as compared to the amount of damage in 40 inch rows.
	insects.tamu.edu /extension/bulletins/b-1721.html (6883 words)

	Anthonomus grandis "Boll Weevil" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The cotton boll weevil is a member of the largest order and family of insects.
		The eggs of cotton boll weevil are pearly white, elliptical, and approximately 0.85 mm long.
		Cotton boll weevils are considered the key pest of cotton in the eastern United States.
	entweb.clemson.edu /museum/beetles/local/btle68.htm (343 words)

	Cotton Boll-Weevil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The bolls, with their precious contents of white fiber, are subject to rot and shedding.
		The eggs of this weevil came to the United States, it is thought, in 1902, having crossed the Rio Grande into Texas in Mexican cotton brought to Brownsville to be ginned.
		It is not until late in the same year that the weevils are sufficient in number to master a cotton crop.
	www.factopia.com /aiton-encyclopedia-vol2/cotton-boll-weevil.htm (598 words)

	Boll Weevil Eradication
		Once the boll weevil is eradicated from an area, growers typically experience an increase in cotton yield of at least 10 percent, significantly more in some areas.
		After the boll weevil is eradicated from an area, the need for insecticides is significantly reduced, and in many areas nearly eliminated.
		A. The boll weevil is considered the key pest in cotton production because the insecticides that cotton growers use early in the season to control weevils also eliminate many beneficial insects.
	www.ceris.purdue.edu /napis/a-facts/fsbwqa.html (1729 words)

	IDENTIFICATION, BIOLOGY AND SAMPLING OF COTTON INSECTS
		The adult boll weevil is a brown to grayish-brown beetle.
		The boll weevil is a pollen feeder; its survival is diminished without squaring cotton, although adult boll weevils emerging from overwintering quarters may subsist on other plants for short periods (e.g., an average of 18 days on yellow woolywhite in the Rolling Plains area).
		This frass is distinguishable from that of the boll weevil because it is slightly larger and is dark brown; boll weevil frass contains silk strands and is yellow or orange.
	entowww.tamu.edu /extension/bulletins/b-933.html (14520 words)

	Cotton Boll Weevil Biology
		Boll weevil eggs, larvae, and pupae are well protected from most natural enemies by host plant tissues.
		Boll weevils are further characterized by a curved snout almost half the length of the body.
		As soon as squares are available, boll weevils feed on them, boring into the immature anthers (pollen-bearing structures in the cotton flower) with their long snouts.
	www.cahe.nmsu.edu /pubs/_a/a-232.html (1385 words)

	Encyclopedia: Boll weevil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cotton Boll Weevil Image Number K2742-6 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
		Families Nemonychidae Anthribidae Belidae Attelabidae Brentidae Caridae Ithyceridae Curculionidae A weevil is a beetle from the Curculionoidea superfamily.
		Alternate meaning: Boll weevil (politics) Binomial name Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843 The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) is a beetle measuring an average length of six millimeters (¼ inch).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Boll-weevil (1710 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: BOLL WEEVIL
		The boll weevil migrated across the Rio Grande and had spread from the Valley to the Sabine and Red rivers by the beginning of the twentieth century.
		Cotton bolls with seed were often transported from the lower Rio Grande valley to gins as far north as Alice, and this practice may have contributed to the spread of the weevil.
		The prize offered by the legislature made both themselves and the boll weevil a figure of fun for newspapers throughout the nation, and this episode is sometimes found in civics or government texts as an illustration of the foolishness of lawmaking bodies.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/BB/teb1.html (952 words)

	boll weevil on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(bōl) or cotton boll weevil, cotton-eating weevil, or snout beetle, Anthonomus grandis.
		Boll weevil eradication...: U.S., Mexico cooperate against pests.
		Cotton boll weevil...: Small pest has had major impact.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/bollweev.asp (492 words)

	Boll weevil
		After feeding for 3 to 7 days, weevils mate and females lay eggs in cotton squares (flower buds) or bolls (fruit) that are 1/4 inch or more in diameter.
		Adults weevils feed on tender cotton terminals in the spring, pollen in cotton squares (flower buds) and bolls (fruit).
		Weevils drill holes into the squares or bolls with their chewing mouthparts at the tip of their "snout" (rostrum).
	entowww.tamu.edu /fieldguide/bimg198.html (428 words)

	Boll Weevil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Eggs are laid singly in squares and bolls in punctures made by the weevil's snout.
		During the growing season the adults emerge from the square or boll; however, some adults of the last generation may remain in bolls during hibernation.
		The boll weevil has caused an estimated $14 billion loss in yield to the U.S. Cotton industry since it arrived from Mexico in 1892.
	www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us /4th/kkhp/1insects/bollweevil.html (247 words)

	EPA: Boll Weevil Aggregation Pheromone (112401, 112402, 112403, 112404) Fact Sheet
		Cotton boll weevils, a species of beetle that harms cotton plants, gather in large numbers to mate.
		Weevils that are attracted to the pheromone are subsequently exposed to the malathion and killed.
		In November 1993, the four chemicals that comprise the boll weevil aggregation pheromone were registered for use in a trap, with malathion as the insecticide.
	www.epa.gov /oppbppd1/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_112401.htm (496 words)

	History of Mexican Boll Weevil
		The Boll weevil’s direct history outside, as well as within the state of Oklahoma, is much like the weevil’s method of work, somewhat obscure.
		In the latter part of October of this year, I found the boll weevil to be quite numerous ten or fifteen miles north and examined cotton fields, the indications were that weevil would have been found as far north as the Kansas line and perhaps farther across the line.
		Since the weevil is especially adapted to a much warmer climate, it was at one time thought that it could not become numerous enough in the northern half of the cotton growing area in Oklahoma to do a great deal of damage.
	www.obweo.org /histmexbw.html (1637 words)

	Today in History: December 11
		1919: The citizens of Enterprise, Alabama, erected a monument to the boll weevil, christening the insect the herald of prosperity for forcing economic diversification in this cotton-growing region." />
		The boll weevil contributed to the economic woes of Southern farmers during the 1920s—a situation exacerbated by the Great Depression.
		Tally Smith on his family's decision to abandon farming for work in a South Carolina textile mill after arrival of the boll weevil.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/dec11.html (498 words)

	2000 Cotton Production Guide - Insect Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Boll weevils are the responsibility of the program, so growers with a suspected boll weevil problem should notify their local field supervisors.
		Boll weevil traps should be placed in all fields by late July to monitor for reinfestations.
		A common means for boll weevils to reenter Georgia is on used farm machinery such as pickers.
	www.griffin.peachnet.edu /caes/cotton/2000/cotton10.htm (1588 words)

	Book profiles boll weevil march
		The first written report of the boll weevil comes in 1894 from a Corpus Christi druggist who dispensed crop poisons as well as medicine for the farm folk.
		By the time this law passed in 1903, the boll weevil had already moved into Louisiana and was well on its way to searing the psyche of cotton farmers from Mississippi to Virginia.
		The boll weevil arrived on the Lee-Grant farm in 1924.
	southeastfarmpress.com /mag/farming_book_profiles_boll/index.html (1095 words)

	Boll Weevil Restaurants - San Diego County, CA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Boll Weevil Restaurants - San Diego County, CA The Boll Weevil Restaurants began back in 1967.
		The idea was great, but with the fierce competition in the restaurant business, Fred knew that he had to do something that was out of the ordinary and would capture the publics attention.
		The "Boll Weevil" is still a family owned business with several franchises.
	www.bollweevilinc.com (283 words)

	Boll weevil eradication succeeding
		In comparison, 0.04 weevil per acre was trapped in each of the two eradication regions during the six-week period that the no-fly order was in effect, preventing aerial applicators from operating around the Memphis area.
		Experiencing the biggest drop in weevil numbers was Region 4 with 99.5 percent fewer weevils, followed by Region 3 with a 98.2 percent drop, Region 2 with a 93.9 percent decrease, and Region 1 with 92.8 percent fewer weevils trapped per acre.
		Between the 2000 and 2001 crop seasons, the number of boll weevils infesting cotton fields dropped by 92.8 percent in Region 1, 82.2 percent in Region 2, 89.1 percent in Region 3, and 97.3 percent in Region 4.
	deltafarmpress.com /mag/farming_boll_weevil_eradication/index.html (920 words)

	B-1721 Cultural Control of the Boll Weevil: A Four Season Approach - Texas Rolling Plains
		Influence of bed shape on boll weevil damage and yield in rows oriented east-west.
		Influence of row spacing on boll weevil damage in cotton planted on flat beds.
		Percent of boll weevil population entering diapause and percent overwinter survival versus time of entry into habitat.
	entowww.tamu.edu /extension/bulletins/b-1721.html (6883 words)

	Boll Weevil
		Limited feeding on the squares and bolls by adults usually does not result in shedding, but cotton fiber is sometimes ruined.
		In early spring the weevils feed primarily on terminals of cotton seedlings, but egg-laying does not occur until squares are present.
		Regular in-season applications are used to control weevils during the major period of fruit set and boll maturity; these applications should be based on weekly weevil counts and damage.
	ipm.ncsu.edu /AG271/cotton/boll_weevil.html (749 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Survival Through Cotton Gin Trash Fans
		Interpretive Summary: The boll weevil is a major pest of cotton, and great efforts are underway to eradicate it from the U.S. There is concern that if gins in eradicated or weevil-suppressed areas process harvested cotton from neighboring infested areas, weevils may escape to reinfest the eradication zone.
		The objective of this study was to determine survival potential of boll weevils passed through a trash fan.
		Marked adult weevils were distributed in gin trash and fed through a 107-cm (42-in) diameter centrifugal fan operated across a range of fan-tip speeds.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=162225 (538 words)

	Boll Weevil Bowled Over
		Boll weevils arrived in the U.S. from Mexico in the 1890s.
		Boll weevils use their snouts to chew into cotton squares or developing bolls.
		Weevils are still migrating from non-eradicated areas to BWE zones, too.
	www.cornandsoybeandigest.com /mag/soybean_boll_weevil_bowled/index.html (1039 words)

	AU Archives -- Guide to the Carter D. Poland Photographs, RG 268 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The photographs tell four interrelated stories: planting, cultivating, and harvesting cotton; the biology of the boll weevil, the damage it causes, and measures to stop it; ginning, spinning, and weaving the cotton lint; and manufacturing oil from the cotton seeds.
		At this tender age cotton is most susceptible to the ravages of the boll weevil.
		In 1919 a monument was erected to the boll weevil in Enterprise, the county seat.
	www.lib.auburn.edu /archive/find-aid/268.htm (1411 words)

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