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Topic: Bolson Tortoise

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	Tortoise. Who is Tortoise? What is Tortoise? Where is Tortoise? Definition of Tortoise. Meaning of Tortoise. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In Europe, tortoise is the name given to the land-dwelling reptiles most of whose body is shielded by a special shell.
		The giant tortoises of the Galapagos Islands helped Charles Darwin formulate his theory of evolution, since the isolated populations on the different islands, although descend from a common ancestor, had diverged to different forms.
		Turtles and tortoises are the only surviving branch of the even more ancient clade Anapsida, which includes groups such as the procolophonoids, millerettids and pareiasaurs.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Tortoise (221 words)

	tortoise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tortoise is the name given to the land-dwelling reptiles most of whose body is shielded by a special shell.
		One of Darwin's tortoises, named Harriet is believed to still be alive and living in an Australian zoo.
		All land tortoises are herbivorous in the wild.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Tortoise.html (302 words)

	CHAPTER 5
		Tortoises must have suitable soils and terrain for constructing a burrow and must have adequate annual and perennial plants in the spring and/or summer for forage.
		Tortoises are measured with calipers, instruments consisting of a pair of movable curved legs fastened together at one end.
		Adult male tortoises have a longer and up-curved gular horn, a concave plastron (a dish-shaped depression on the underside of the shell near the tail), a longer tail, and chin glands or knobs on the chin.
	www.deserttortoise.org /answeringquestions/chapter5.html (2306 words)

	Tortoise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The oldest tortoise (or living animal) ever recorded is Tui Malila, of Tonga.
		The giant tortoises of the Galápagos Islands helped Charles Darwin formulate his theory of evolution, since the isolated populations on the different islands, although descended from a common ancestor, had diverged to different forms.
		A tortoise at the back door or in the backyard by a pond is said to attract good fortune and many blessings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tortoise (459 words)

	Gopher Tortoise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Therefore, the tortoise is able to turn around at any point within the burrow, and consequently, burrow width is a good indicator of the size (and approximate age) of the tortoise.
		Tortoises living on proposed development sites are sometimes moved (or "relocated") to another area; however, this can result in the spread of disease and may disrupt resident tortoise populations.
		Tortoises used in the races were removed from their natural habitats and if released, were rarely returned to their original location.
	www.gophertortoisecouncil.org /tortoise.htm (2089 words)

	Commonly asked questions about the desert tortoise and answers by Kristin Berry
		The tortoise must have suitable soils and terrain for constructing a burrow and must have adequate annual and perennial plants in the spring and/or summer for forage.
		The tortoise was a male and was frequently observed on the western portion of the Natural Area in the 1970's.
		Male tortoises develop chin glands or knobs on the chin, a longer gular horn, have a longer tail, and have a concave plastron (a dish-shaped depression on the posterior, underside of the shell).
	www.tortoise-tracks.org /gopherus/tortques.html (2033 words)

	RMH Desert Tort
		In the wild, the desert tortoise diet is composed primarily of native desert grasses, forbs, shrubs, and cacti.
		Wherever the tortoise is placed, the temperature must remain low enough for hibernation, a temperature range of 50 to 60 degrees F (10-15.5 degrees C) is adequate for this purpose.
		Desert tortoises, with their ability to tolerate long periods of water and electrolyte imbalance, are among a unique group of animals adapted to the hostile climatic extremes of the North American deserts.
	www.kingsnake.com /rockymountain/RMHPages/RMHpr03.htm (3962 words)

	Bolson
		The tortoise's habitat (a small desert area in north-central Mexico, known as Bolsón de Mapimí) was shrinking, and it was hunted by local people for food.
		Tortoises live in colonies of up to 100 individuals, where they forage during the early and late daylight hours.
		High hopes are being set on the reintroduction of captive reared Tortoises to gradually increase their population and have this wonderful animal come back from the edge.
	www.thewildones.org /Animals/bolson.html (641 words)

	Desert Tortoise Natural History
		Tortoises may be distinguished from other turtle families by the following characteristics: the hind legs are cylindrical and elephantine in shape: the feet are short, broad and club-shaped.
		The desert tortoise lives in a variety of plant communities ranging from sparse creosotebush desertscrub in the winter rainfall Mohave Desert to paloverde-saguaro desertscrub in the bi-seasonal Sonoran Desert and eventually to summer rainfall tropical thornscrub and deciduous forest in Sonora and Sinaloa.
		Unfortunately, release of captive tortoises is not biologically acceptable because of the high potential risk to existing wild populations from disease introduction, disruption of population structure, and mixing of genetic stock from different regions.
	www.biopark.org /destort1.html (2777 words)

	Synopsis of conservation information on the desert tortoise
		Tortoises are characterized by a lack of webbing between the toes, elephantine hind limbs, and a largely terrestrial lifestyle.
		Increasing populations of native predators, such as ravens and coyotes prey on hatchling and young tortoises, while habitat destruction, highway mortality, and removal of adults for pets have all contributed to the decline of desert tortoises.
		The disease is characterized by discharges from the eyes and nose, wheezing and, in extreme cases, emaciation and death of the tortoise.
	sbsc.wr.usgs.gov /products/htms/synopsis.htm (849 words)

	Desert Tortoise wildlife information - DesertUSA
		The Desert Tortoise is an herbivore that may attain a length of 9 to 15 inches in upper shell (carapace) length.
		The tortoise is able to live where ground temperature may exceed 140 degrees F because of its ability to dig underground burrows and escape the heat.
		Tortoises north and west of the Colorado River inhabit valleys and on alluvial fans.
	www.desertusa.com /june96/du_tort.html (1276 words)

	CTTC - What's In a Name? Gopherus by Mary Cohen & Michael J. Connor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The desert and Texas tortoises fall in one group and the gopher and Bolson tortoise in the other.
		In his description of the new tortoise Agassiz refers to Berlandier as "...a zealous French naturalist, to whom we are indebted for much of what we know of the natural history of northern Mexico".
		Commonly known as the Bolson tortoise this giant Mexican gopher tortoise was described by John Marshall Legler as recently as 1959.
	www.tortoise.org /archives/gophname.html (1079 words)

	Resources on the Bolson Tortoise from academic institutions
		TESTUDINIDAE, Gopherus flavomarginatus, Bolson Tortoise, I. TESTUDINIDAE, Gopherus polyphemus, Gopher Tortoise...
		Bolson Tortoise from N Mexico can burrow more than 1 m in desert soil, jump into burrows to escape predators.
		Plants and Animals: Cicada on a Prickley Pear Cicada on a Prickley Pear, Gopherus flavomarginatus, the Bolson Tortoise Gopherus flavomarginatus, the Bolson Tortoise, The Bolson...
	www.mongabay.org /conservation/Bolson_Tortoise.htm (529 words)

	Bolson Tortoise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bolson Tortoise, Gopherus flavomarginatus, is one of four species of tortoise that live in North America.
		Of these tortoises, it is the largest, having a carapace length of about 46 cm (18 inches).
		It lives in a region of the Chihuahuan Desert known as the Bolsón de Mapimí, which is located in north-central Mexico.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bolson_Tortoise (89 words)

	Tortoise Life: Your complete online care guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		They are, arguably, one of the 4 or 5 rarest tortoises in the world but, sadly, have yet to attract the publicity and major conservation efforts needed.
		For the most part tortoises are amenable, inoffensive animals who, apart from competitive behaviour with each other, present no threat to other living beings, except perhaps the occasional earthworm, snail, or woodlouse (pill bug) which happens to cross their path.
		The shell of an adult tortoise is remarkably strong and what it hinders in mobility it more than compensates for in protecting the animal's body and vital organs.
	www.tortoiselife.co.uk /html/common/wild6.htm (424 words)

	[No title]
		Relocated tortoises may disrupt the social structure of resident populations by displacing residents, or they may be driven away by residents.
		These results indicate that relocated tortoises remained within, or near, the relocation area, and that any impacts imparted to resident tortoises were not severe enough to drive them from the relocation area.
		Tortoise populations are threatened by feral competition and predators.
	mercury.bio.uaf.edu /~brad_griffith/reptiles+.html (9994 words)

	Texas Tortoise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Texas Tortoise: The Texas Tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri) is one of two species of tortoise existing in the United States.
		Desert Tortoise Natural History: The primitive gopher tortoises, including the desert tortoise (G. agassizii) and the Texas tortoise (G. berlandieri), are grouped in the subgenus Xerobates.
		TORTOISE - Meaning and Definition of the Word:...giant tortoise, gopher, gopher tortoise, gopher turtle, Gopherus agassizii, Gopherus polypemus, Testudinidae, Testudo graeca, Texas tortoise, turtle.
	www.specieslist.com /endangered/common_name/T/Texas_Tortoise.shtml (1840 words)

	CTTC - Molecular biology and the turtle, the desert tortoise and its relatives by Michael J. Connor
		Since these were eventually replaced by the modern Colorado River, tortoises originally located on the west and east sides of the Bouse sea have remained reproductively isolated from each other up to the present day.
		Although these observations may at first glance seem rather academic they establish a couple of very important points: (a) the desert tortoise is scientifically extremely interesting, and (b) the desert tortoise we know to-day includes a variety of populations with differing genotypes.
		Direct evidence that the desert tortoise exists in several genetically different forms advances the cause of those of us interested in preserving and protecting these remarkable animals, since moves to place the more critically endangered populations under federal protection are now clearly justified on scientific grounds.
	www.tortoise.org /archives/agasdna.html (1182 words)

	Contents of the Proceedings of the 1978 Desert Tortoise Council Annual Symposium
		Berry, Kristin H. Livestock grazing and the desert tortoise.
		The effects of roads on desert tortoise populations.
		Quantitative vegetational data of desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) habitat in the Lower Sonoran Desert.
	www.deserttortoise.org /documents/contents1978.html (314 words)

	General Information
		Some species of tortoises are commonly kept as pets: redfoot tortoises, yellowfoot tortoises, leopard tortoises, and spur-thighed tortoises.
		Many other tortoise species are less common in captivity and can usually only be seen in zoos or selected private facilities.
		An outdoor enclosure enables the tortoise to absorb natural sunlight, which ensures that some vital nutrients are provided.
	www.educationcentral.org /sandalwood/gophertortoise/generalinfo.htm (160 words)

	Desert Diary, 23 Nov 2001--Bolson Tortoise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Mexican Bolsón Tortoise was unknown to the scientific world until 1958, when researchers found a shell of this species being used as a chicken feeder.
		Later surveys found that this tortoise was in trouble.
		Limited to the Bolson de Mapimí, its habitat was under attack, and it was being hunted locally for food.
	museum.utep.edu /archive/reptiles/DDtortoise2.htm (291 words)

	[No title]
		The tortoise carrying capacity of these habitats is proportional to the biomass of herbaceous foods such as broad-leaf grasses (Poaceae) and legumes (Fabaceae) (04).
		It is believed that gopher tortoises are likely to emigrate from a colony prior to reaching maturity and that females are non-receptive to nearly all courting displays of subordinate males and that this may account for the larger breeding movements of smaller males.
		The laminal spurs of the juvenile gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus (Daudin).
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/esis/lists/e154014.htm (3127 words)

	AnimalsByClass
		The Bolson tortoise is the largest land turtle in North America.
		The last remaining wild population of Bolson tortoises survives in this reserve thanks to the conservation efforts of Mexico.
		The greatest threats to the tortoises come from introduced nonnative species to the islands, such as rats, dogs, and cats, which eat tortoise eggs and young tortoises.
	www.elpasozoo.org /animal_fullList.htm (1239 words)

	The Cold Blooded News - Vol.29, No.11, November 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Indeed, some species of tortoises, notably the desert tortoise, have taken this adaptation to the extreme, living in some of the harshest, most arid landscapes on earth.
		These are the gopher tortoises, so named because of their unique adaptations to a burrowing and digging lifestyle.
		The desert and Texas tortoise fall in one group and the gopher and Bolson tortoise in the other.
	coloherp.org /cb-news/Vol-29/cbn-0211/Gopherus.php (304 words)

	A Second Reserve for the Bolson Tortoise, Gopherus flavomarginatus, at Rancho Sombreretillo, Chihuahua, Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Surveys confirmed that yellow pigments in the Sombreretillo tortoises are largely confined to the marginals, especially in subadult to adult individuals.
		However, tortoise populations remained robust, with ample evidence of nests, hatchlings, and juvenile age size classes.
		From the options of (1) purchase, (2) lease, (3) easement, and/or (4) cooperative agreement, the latter was chosen because it was the most acceptable to the landowner, would generate local community support, and involved less investment.
	nytts.org /proceedings/trevino.htm (332 words)

	Species Profile for Bolson tortoise
		Federal Register documents that apply to the Bolson tortoise.
		USFWS Refuges on which the Bolson tortoise is reported.
		The Bolson tortoise was first listed on April 17, 1979.
	ecos.fws.gov /species_profile/SpeciesProfile?spcode=C02H (133 words)

	Resources on the Speckled Tortoise from academic institutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		ADW: Testudinidae: Pictures:...gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus, speckled Cape tortoise Homopus signatus,
		Reptiles: Gopherus flavomarginatus, Bolson Tortoise; GalÃ¡pago de BolsÃ³n.
		WOOD TURTLE:...on the underside of the body A plate of shell of a turtle or tortoise.
	mongabay.org /conservation/Speckled_Tortoise.htm (504 words)

	Conservation Strategies for the Bolson Tortoise, Gopherus flavomarginatus, in the Chihuahuan Desert
		ABSTRACT: Ecological studies of the Bolson tortoise, Gopherus flavomarginatus, were initiated by the Mexican Institute of Ecology in 1977 with the establishment of the MAB-UNESCO (Man and Biosphere - United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) Mapimí Biosphere Reserve in the Chihuahuan Desert.
		The Bolson tortoise is endemic to the Mapimían subprovince of the Chihuahuan Desert.
		Its population decline and range contraction are a result of multiple factors, including climatic change and such increasing anthropogenic pressures as habitat modification and collection for food.
	nytts.org /proceedings/aguirre.htm (367 words)

	Volume 2 Vivarium Columns by Ellin Beltz
		Some races of Galapagos tortoises that have not already become ancient history.
		A massive die-off of green sea turtles was reported from Costa Rica, attributed to the turtles having eaten plastic banana bags which had been thrown off a dock.
		Several studies of leatherback, green and loggerhead hatchlings have led researchers to the belief that light is not as important in directing turtles as are wave motion and an internal magnetic compass calibrated by a first exposure to light.
	www.ebeltz.net /column/vivarium/vivavol2.html (5611 words)

	Bolson Tortoise - educational resources
		Bolson Tortoise [an error occurred while processing this directive] IUCN Profile of the Bolson Tortoise
		You can submit additional web links for the Bolson Tortoise using the form below.
		Bolson Tortoise from N Mexico can burrow more than 1 m in desert
	animals.mongabay.com /iucn/B/Bolson_Tortoise.html (113 words)

	Slowcoach tortoise site : tortoise photos
		This picture gallery is intended as a visual guide to the various species of tortoises in the world.
		You may wish to use it as a useful means of identification or simply to browse through it to get an idea of the wide variety of colours, shapes, etc of our chelonian friends.
		Whatever the reason, we hope that you find it interesting, informative and, above all, enjoyable.
	www.slowcoach.org.uk /gallery/gal_main.html (67 words)

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