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Topic: Bolted joint

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	[No title]
		Joint Diagrams with External Forces Applied When an external tensile force is applied to the joint it has the effect of reducing some of the clamp force caused by the bolt's preload and applying an additional force to bolt itself.
		With a 'soft' joint (a high stiffness bolt with a low stiffness joint), because the stiffness slope of the bolt is greater than that of the joint, the bolt would sustain the majority of the applied force.
		Hence for a given bolt size, the smaller the tightening factor, the larger the residual preload is remaining to sustain the applied forces to the joint.
	wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de /~fwitschel/texte/englisch/Bolted-Joints.txt (2529 words)

	A Numerical Approach on Load Sharing Analysis and Optimization of Bolted Joint Efficiency
		The influence of stress concentration on the efficiency of the joint was estimated numerically.
		Mechanical joints require that bolt or rivet holes are drilled into the composite that reduced the net cross sectional area of the structure and introduce localized stress concentration.
		Joint efficiency is the ratio of the gross section stress at failure to the strength of the laminate in the gross section.
	www.acadjournal.com /2005/v15/part5/p1 (1646 words)

	Bolted Joints: Slip and Fatigue Modelling With Finite Element Analysis
		Perhaps the most basic characteristic of a bolted joint is that the preload in the bolts varies as a result of changes in the external load applied to the joint.
		Consequently, this approach is used in FE models to provide bolt shear forces and predict the occurrence of bolt slip; a precondition for fatigue failure of the bolt or fretting in the joint.
		The effect of the bolt preload also causes a radial load, via the thread helix angle; this can be represented by using rings of rod elements between the bolt elements and the bolt hole inclined at the helix angle such that, as the bolt preload is applied, the rods tend to expand the bolt hole.
	www.chalice-engineering.com /About_Us/Case_Study1.htm (816 words)

	Bolted Joint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Joints in shear depending on the bolts to withstand the shear load are not really rigid.
		It is also likely that in the case of components attached by a number of bolts that one bolt would be loaded first and this bolt would have to yield before the other bolts take their share of the shear load....
		The bolts are tightened to a specified minimum shank tension so that transverse loads are transferred across the joint by friction between the plates rather than by shear across the bolt shank.
	www.roymech.co.uk /Useful_Tables/Screws/Bolted_Joint.html (994 words)

	Fasteners
		As a rule of thumb, where a joint is to include a gasket for sealing purposes, the maximum bolt centre distance should be no more than 6 x bolt diameter.
		When a bolt is screwed into a block of metal, the stiffness of the threads on the bolt will probably be very different from the stiffness of the threads in the block into which the bolt is screwed.
		Interactive applet for determining the shear stresses in an array of bolts or rivets subject to an 'offset' load.
	www.tech.plymouth.ac.uk /sme/desnotes/desbolta.htm (692 words)

	Bolted Joints and Threaded Fasteners
		If the bolts are considerably less stiff in the axial direction than the remainder of the joint (which is normal) and if the bolts were to be tightened only to the value of the load to be carried, then there will be little residual contact pressure when the joint is loaded.
		In the case of through-drilled joints clamped by a nut and bolt, the clamped length of the joint and the grip length of the bolt are clearly identical.
		However, since the tensile stress in the bolt does not fall immediately from its full value to zero at the loaded faces of the bolt head and nut, it is usual to consider the effective length of the bolt to be slightly greater than the actual grip length.
	www.co-design.co.uk /dpg/bol/bol3.html (2199 words)

	Bolted Joint Design Guidelines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bolted joint design is an iterative process, in that the designer will rely on trial and error, past experience and personal judgment to make some design decisions.
		In this step, define what the joint is designed to do, environmental conditions, cost targets, size and operating parameters, desired life, critical nature, potential failure modes and any other factors involved in the purpose of the joint.
		While joint design continues to become a more exact science as the technical knowledge of fastening increases, there is yet to be a fail-safe method that can eliminate the need for testing in real world conditions; particularly in critical joints.
	www.textronfasteningsystems.com /eng_tools_f/boltjointdesign.html (682 words)

	BOLTCALC - Bolted Joint Analysis Software
		In spite of the term "nuts and bolts" being used to describe the simplest aspects of a particular topic, bolted joints are far from being simple.
		The importance of a bolt's clamp force (the preload) in ensuring that a reliable joint is achieved is often underestimated.
		The problem is due to the bolt's preload compressing the clamped parts together and to such factors as embedding and preload scatter due to the method of tightening being used.
	www.boltscience.com /pages/bc1.htm (1349 words)

	IMPROVING SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS AT RAILROAD CROSSINGS - AN ANALYSIS OF BOLT INSTALLATIONS, DESIGNS AND ...
		The three sections are: analysis of the joint, field tests on the railroad track, and an economics consequence survey of the bolted joint.
		In this particular case, the most unfavorable cross section of the bolt is not located in the threaded portion of the bolt as expected, but in the middle of the bolt shank, at contact points with the web of the rail.
		The bolts presenting the most severe bleeding troubles (thus maintenance cost) are located at the heel of the frog, or, the group of bolts (3 or 4 bolts) situated closest to the running rail.
	www.marshall.edu /ati/research/TRP/TRP_99-25_rpd_final.htm (3123 words)

	Smart Manual on the Design and Testing of Bonded and Bolted Joints
		Aramid fibres are not generally used in bolted joint configurations due to their low compression strength (inherent due to the fibrillated structure of the fibre) leading to poor bearing performance.
		Net-tension failure is influenced by the tensile strength of the fibres at the joint.
		Resistance to this mode of failure for multi-array bolted joints is maximised when the fastener spacing p > 4d along the direction of applied load and p > 5 across the width of the joint.
	www.npl.co.uk /materials/programmes/mms11/design/boltdesign.html (1269 words)

	Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) and Aluminium Bolted T-joints
		Bolted T-joints have a variety of mechanical, civil, aerospace and marine applications where they are expected to sustain static or cyclic fatigue loads for considerable periods of time with no adverse effect on their load bearing capacities.
		To model the clamping force of the torqued bolts a prestress force was applied to the shank of each bolt prior to loading the model with the chosen applied loading.
		Joint failure was to be regarded as yielding of the aluminium or, for the GRP model, exceeding the failure strength of the composite material.
	www.lusas.com /case/composite/tjoints.html (858 words)

	Valley Forge & Bolt Manufacturing Co. \| SPC4(tm) Load Indicating Fastener \|
		bolted joint whether static or dynamic, by attaching a probe to the datum disc located on the end of the fastener and reading the value on a hand held battery powered digital monitor.
		The integrity of a bolted joint is jeopardized when fasteners lose their tension.
		joint allows the end-user to retighten only the bolts or studs that have lost their clamp load resulting in a tremendous saving of maintenance time, money, and replacement parts.
	www.vfbolts.com /spc4.htm (224 words)

	CiteULike: Comparative study of the behaviour of conventional gasketed and compact non-gasketed flanged pipe joints ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bolted flanged joints comprise an assembly of a number of important individual components, which are required to perform well together in service.
		Considerable investigation in the area of optimised bolted joints has been in progress for the past 10 years comparing traditional gasketed joints and 'compact non-gasketed' joints, using both analytical and experimental approaches.
		Based on the stress results for the flange and the bolt and the flange rotation/displacement, compact non-gasketed flange joints are shown to be a viable and preferable alternative to the conventional gasketed flange joints.
	www.citeulike.org /article/4174 (476 words)

	Bolted joint - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bolted joints are one of the most common elements in construction and machine design.
		The joint will be designed such that the clamp load is never overcome by the forces acting on the joint (and therefore the joined parts see no relative motion).
		The other type of bolted joint does not have a designed clamp load but relies on the shear strength of the bolt shaft.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bolted_joint (982 words)

	Woodwork > Joints used to lengthen wood
		Insert the bolts making sure the timber connectors are on the bolts when pushed between the two timbers.
		The timber connectors bite into the wood as the joint is tightened, increasing the strength of the union.
		The length of the joint should be equal to the width of the timber.
	www.diynot.com /pages/ww/ww017.php (685 words)

	Technical Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The various considerations associated with the design of flange joints are covered in great detail in the ASME Pressure Vessel Code and in the literature; however, much less attention has been given to the elements that comprise recognized and generally accepted good joint assembly practices.
		Additionally, a single-page bolted joint pretightening check list is provided, as are six, single-page bolt tightening worksheets, one for each of the six bolting patterns for ASME B16.5 flanges.
		To train joint assemblers in the proper application of this PCC-1-2000-derived bolted flange joint procedure, MTI also arranged for Becht to design a joint assembly test rig, supplemented by a joint assembler instruction and qualification test using the test rig.
	www.bechtengineering.com /processPower/articles/boltedJoints.htm (500 words)

	CiteULike: Fatigue characteristics of the bolted joints for unidirectional composite laminates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although the maximum static strength of the composite bolted joint is frequently realized by quasi-isotropic patterns, these patterns are seldom used in structural members under general load, such as bending, compressive, and tensile load.
		The fatigue characteristics of the [[plus-or-minus sign][theta]/08]S laminate bolted joint were investigated with respect to the angle [theta] and the bolt clamping pressure and compared with the result of the [02/[plus-or-minus sign]453/902]S laminate, which was proposed as one of the optimum stacking sequence under the static load.
		From the experiments on the bolted joints, it has been found that the laminates whose major plies are stacked in the axial direction can be used for the bolted joint structures under fatigue load when an appropriate clamping pressure is applied to the bolted joint.
	www.citeulike.org /article/4166 (376 words)

	Basics of Design Engineering - Fastening & Joining - Joint Design - Bolted joint uncertainties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bolt stiffness may be uncertain because it depends on effective bolt length, the length of the bolt that acts as a spring.
		Data about expansion coefficients of bolting materials and stiffness ratios, needed to estimate the change in clamping force created by expansion or contraction, are also limited.
		Also, gasketed joints often start leaking after a thermal change or series of thermal cycles, but the reasons are unknown.
	www.machinedesign.com /BDE/FASTENING/bdefj2/bdefj2_2.html (455 words)

	Bolted Joint Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		When designing a bolted joint, there are numerous factors to consider: tensile forces, torque limits of the drive tool, fatigue life of the bolt, material strength, load cycles, and more.
		The bolt preload charts are very intuitive, showing a simple graphic that summarizes the assembly and in-service conditions, in a pass/fail format.
		he bolt preload analysis is easy to read: all the user needs to see is if the joint range (between the fl boxes) falls within the safe zones (green bars).
	www.textronfasteningsystems.com /appsol/archives/jointworks.html (537 words)

	A Tutorial on the Basics of Bolted Joints
		The complexity of the simple nut and bolt is frequently underestimated.
		The effect of a high external force on a joint
		The effect of a compressive external force on a joint
	www.boltscience.com /pages/basics1.htm (259 words)

	New Invention Advances Bolted Joint Design. New Ultrasonic Invention, DSP Invention, NDT Invention combine to ....
		The number one reason, stated by bolting experts, for bolt failures is? Lack of proper pre-load tension.
		This affects a bolted joint design, especially the assumptions in structural analysis software.
		Some engineers use a strain gauge to measure bolt tension because they know a torque wrench is not directly measuring tension.
	www.surebolt.com /Invention.htm (749 words)

	Do bolted joints and connections get you uptight?
		Probably the most important task in making a bolted joint is applying the correct torque to tighten the components.
		One common question is: "Does torquing a bolt beyond its optimum torque value make for a better connection?" The answer is an emphatic "NO!" The only effect is possible damage to the bolt and connection itself.
		If you make sure you have the right hardware for your particular joint or connection, you can keep bolted joints and connections from getting you uptight.
	ceenews.com /mag/electric_bolted_joints_connections/index.html (854 words)

	Bolted Wood-Joint Yield Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A model for prediction of a yield load in bolted wood joints is reviewed and modifications to the theory presented.
		The model predicts a joint load at which the bolt and/or the wood under the bolt behaves plastically.
		Experimental verification with several large data sets indicate that the modified model generally predicted joint performance within 10% of the actual values.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?8301022 (88 words)

	Welding, Bonding & Fastener engineering - multi-bolted joint pressure distribution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		I may not be picturing your problem correctly, but if it is similar to the analysis of bolted joints in a structural steel connection, with plates etc bolted together and transmitting axial, shear and bending forces across the connection, then there are many software packages that will analyse the bolt loads.
		Although the contact pressure between bolts is negligible compared to the pressure under the bolt head, it is still important to know what the value is. Pressure film gives some idea.
		Consider the flange clamping the gasket to be analogous to a beam on an elastic foundation with individual point loads caused by the bolts.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=20896 (944 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information - - Document #810683 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The bolted joint investigated in this report is an inclined lap-type joint with the interface inclined with respect to the line of action of the force acting on the joint.
		The accurate analytical modeling of these bolted connections is critical to the prediction of the response of the component to normal and high-level shock environmental loadings.
		In particular, it is necessary to understand and correctly model the energy dissipation (damping) of the bolted joint that is a nonlinear function of the forces acting on the joint.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=810683 (326 words)

	Bolt Science Tutorial. Bolted Joint Tutorial
		Bolt Science is the best resource on the web for bolted joint education.
		Here is the main link page to Bolt Science's bolted joint tutorial.
		Bolt Science is committed to providing assistance on bolted joint technologies to individuals, companies and other organizations.
	www.surebolt.com /Bolt-Tutorial-BS.htm (415 words)

	SR1 Bolt Calculation to VDI 2230
		Different combinations of bolt diameters/strength classes are calculated from the input of concentric/eccentric axial force or shearing force, static/dynamic load and tightening method which are then used as a basis for more detailed calculation.
		SR1 calculates bolted joints with concentric and eccentric strain and load.
		The extended version SR1+ calculates the maximum load for a single bolted joint from the flange forces, bending moments and torque.
	www.hexagon.de /sr1_e.htm (1165 words)

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