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	Meteorite Magazine - the International Quarterly of METEORITES AND METEORITE SCIENCE magazine. Publication featuring ...
		The impact craters are quickly eroded from the surface and the best preservation of these is in the most stable regions on the shields and cratons (oldest, stable parts of continents).
		The complex crater is presented by a circular depression complicated with the uplift or peak in the central part of the crater's floor.
		Many complex craters are widespread in America, Europe, Asia, etc. The space images of the complex Spider crater in Australia reminds one of a spider's figure by the radial system of ridges spread from the center of the uplift.
	meteoritemag.uark.edu /600.htm (1069 words)

	Information about Silverpit crater
		Silverpit crater is a buried sub-sea structure under the North Sea off the coast of the United Kingdom.
		The crater was discovered by petroleum geoscientists Simon Stewart of BP and Philip Allen of Production Geoscience Ltd, during routine analysis of seismic data while exploring for natural gas deposits in a region 130 km off the Humber estuary.
		A complicating factor is that almost all known impact craters are on land, whereas two-thirds of impacting objects will land in oceans and seas, so the results of impacts on water are much less well established than those of impacts on land.
	english.turkcebilgi.com /Silverpit_crater (2655 words)

	Boltysh crater (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Boltysh Crater is an impact crater in Ukraine.
		As well as Boltysh, the United Kingdom's Silverpit crater and several other craters around the world have estimated ages of about 65 million years, leading to the suggestion that the Earth was struck by multiple impactors at that time.
		The dating of these impact craters is not yet accurate enough to establish whether the multiple impactors arrived over several thousand years, as part of a generally elevated rate of impacts at that time, or were almost simultaneous, like the impacts of the fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter in 1994.
	en.askmore.net /Boltysh_crater.htm (632 words)

	Wiki
		The crater is more than 180 kilometers (110 mi) in diameter, making the feature one of the largest confirmed impact structures in the world; the impacting bolide that formed the crater was at least 10 km (6 mi) in diameter.
		Along the edge of the crater are clusters of cenotes or sinkholes, which suggest that there was a water basin inside the feature during the Tertiary period, after the impact.
		The Chicxulub Crater lends support to the theory postulated by the late physicist Luis Alvarez and his son, geologist Walter Alvarez, that the extinction of numerous animal and plant groups, including dinosaurs, may have resulted from a bolide impact.
	www.promotionwiki.net /?title=Chicxulub_Crater (2611 words)

	Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Encyclopedia Jr, free information reference for Kids
		This was not a lethal blow to the theory; although the crater resulting from the impact would have been 150 to 200 kilometres in diameter, Earth's geological processes tend to hide or destroy craters over time.
		But subsequent research found what many thought was "the smoking gun" - the Chicxulub Crater buried under Chicxulub on the coast of Yucatan This crater is oval, with an average diameter of about 180km, about the size calculated by the Alvarez team.
		the crater's shape suggests that the asteroid landed at an angle of 20° to 30° from horizontal and travelling north-west.
	www.encyclopediajr.com /wikiarticle/c/r/e/cretaceous-tertiary_extinction_event.php (3398 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Could Multiple Meteor Impacts Have Killed the Dinosaurs?
		The Boltysh crater in the Ukraine may be proof that multiple impacts occurred during the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) extinction.
		The Boltysh crater had previously been assigned ages ranging from 88 million to 105 million years old, a variation that arose due to the different dating methods used.
		He plans to study other craters, currently dated to be from the Devonian (around 380 million years ago) to the Eocene (34 million years ago), to see if their ages are accurate.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=95637 (1142 words)

	Untitled Document
		Craters are not preserved at all well in water, so at the outset we have only just over a quarter of the planet available for cratering.
		As can be seen, it has the bowl shape typical of small craters however, it is squarish in outline rather than being perfectly circular; probably because of pre-existing structural discontinuities in the impactee.
		As an aside, the Canadian Geological Survey does much of their research on these craters in the winter when they can take a drilling rig out onto the ice and the flies are less of a nuisance.
	faculty.sulross.edu /jlwstark/planet/planet48.html (570 words)

	Shiva: Another K-T impact? :: Astrobiology Magazine - earth science - evolution distribution Origin of life universe - ...
		According to the Earth Impact Database, there are two craters - the 180 kilometer-wide Chicxulub crater in Yucatan, Mexico and the much smaller Boltysh crater in eastern Ukraine -- that date back to the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) extinction 65 million years ago.
		These craters are not listed in the catalog because, despite the claims of their discoverers, they have not been independently confirmed to be the result of meteorite impacts.
		One indication of an impact origin, he says, is that the floor of the Shiva crater is missing most of the lithosphere - the brittle outer shell of the Earth that includes the crust (the continents and the ocean floor) and the uppermost part of the mantle.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article1281.html (1756 words)

	Boltysh
		Gurov, E. P., Gurova, E.P. and Metalidi,S.V., The structure of a meteorite crater with central uplift (as exemplified by the Boltysh astrobleme) (abstract).
		Yurk, Yu Yu., Yeremenko, G.K. and Polkanov,Yu.A., The Boltysh depression-a fossil meteorite crater (in Russian).
		Yurk, Yu Yu., Yeremenko, G.K. and Polkanov,Yu.A., The Boltysh depression-a fossil meteorite crater.
	www.unb.ca /passc/ImpactDatabase/images/boltysh.htm (1268 words)

	Historical Gallery
		Now, however, scientists working in Ukraine have discovered that a well-known but smaller crater, some 15 miles wide, had been inaccurately dated and is actually 65 million years old, making the blast that created it a likely contributor to the end of the dinosaurs.
		Known as Boltysh, the newly dated crater lies in eastern Ukraine in the basin of the Tyasmin River, a tributary of the Dnieper.
		Though just 15 miles wide, the buried crater, whose presence is revealed by deep jumbled masses of melted and broken rocks, is surrounded by a ring of rocky debris that extends over many hundreds of square miles, conjuring up a fiery cataclysm.
	www.artukraine.com /historical/dino_ext.htm (1573 words)

	KT-Boundary - EvoWiki
		This structure, the Chicxulub crater, was dated with the 40Ar/39Ar radiometric dating method as being 65 million years old right at the K/T boundary.
		Calculations based on the size of the crater were consistent with a large meteorite impact as proposed by Alvarez.
		Two other craters, the Boltysh crater in the Ukraine and the Silverpit crater in the North Sea, also appear to have been formed at the K/T boundary.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/KT-Boundary (964 words)

	Morien Institute - Terrestrial Impact Craters caused by Asteroids and Meteorites
		Secondly, any crater on dry land would be at the mercy of the elements, and should there have been collisions with cometary debris, or asteroids, in the Amazon Basin, say, then vegetation would without doubt obscure them in a very short time indeed.
		The regional president explained that the meteorite crater was being declared a part of Peru's heritage to preserve it and keep it safe from locals and foreigners that "want to get their hands on it".
		According to El-Baz, the Center’s director, the crater’s vast area suggests the location may have been hit by a meteorite the entire size of the famous Meteor (Barringer) Crater in Arizona which is 1.2 kilometers wide.
	www.morien-institute.org /impact_craters.html (6219 words)

	Christina Aguilera music, Overview
		Instead, it was widely thought that cratering was the result of volcanism: the Barringer Crater, for example, was ascribed to a prehistoric volcanic explosion (not an unreasonable hypothesis, given that the volcanic San Francisco Peaks stand only 30 miles to the west).
		It was not until 1903–1905 that the Barringer Crater was correctly identified as being an impact crater, and it was not until as recently as 1963 that research by Eugene Merle Shoemaker conclusively proved this hypothesis.
		Recently, several craters around the world have been dated to approximately the same age as Chicxulub—for example, the Silverpit crater in the United Kingdom and the Boltysh crater in Ukraine.
	listen.musictnt.com /51_bio_Impact_event (3379 words)

	Unique Facts about Mexico: Chicxulub Crater
		Chicxulub Crater is an ancient impact crater buried underneath the Yucatan peninsula, with its center located approximately underneath the town of Chicxulub, Yucatán, Mexico.
		He and his faculty adviser William V. Boynton published the results of the research in the scientific press, suggesting not only that the deposits were the result of an Earth impact, but that the impact couldn't have been more than 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) away.
		Indeed, some evidence has accumulated that the actual crater is 300 kilometers (186 miles) wide, and the 180 kilometer ring is just an inner wall.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Mexicoweb/factfile/Unique-facts-Mexico4.htm (1162 words)

	LHS GSS \| Comet Swarm
		The sizes of the two craters imply that Boltysh hit with only about U as much energy.
		Many craters have been dated merely by stratigraphic evidence, which is less accurate than using an isotopic chronometer.
		Boltysh's assumed age was in error by some 8 million years; others could be off by that amount or more.
	www.lhs.berkeley.edu /GSS/uptodate/articles-gss/3lc12012003Comet.html (586 words)

	Re: Silverpit, Chicxulub, Miranda, & variable speed craters - Forums powered by UBBThreads™
		Moving on to the famous impact crater I discovered that there are other craters on Earth dated to the same time, 65,000,000 years ago.
		For instance, there is the Boltysh Crater in Ukraine, which due to the local geological circumstance can be very accurately dated.
		The crater was discovered in 2001 during the analysis of seismic data collected during routine exploration for oil, and was initially reported as the UK's first known impact crater.
	uplink.space.com /showthreaded.php?Board=sciastro&Number=501680 (870 words)

	THE SHIVA CRATER: IMPLICATIONS FOR DECCAN VOLCANISM, INDIA-SEYCHELLES RIFTING, DINOSAUR EXTINCTION, AND PETROLEUM ...
		Among these, the submerged Shiva crater is the largest—about 600 km long and 400 km wide—and has proved to be a rich source of oil and gas.
		The age of the crater is inferred from its brecciated Deccan lava floor and the overlying Paleocene sediments within the basin, isotopic dating of the presumed ejecta melt, and the magnetic anomaly of the Carlsberg Ridge.
		The synchroneity of the Deccan Traps with the KT boundary, their geographic proximity with the crater, and the occurrence of a thick shocked quartz layer below the lowermost lava flow strongly imply that the Deccan volcanism may have been triggered by the Shiva impact.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_58126.htm (518 words)

	Late Cretaceous Terrestrial Impact Record (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The following is excerpted from "The Wetumpka Impact Crater And The Late Cretaceous Impact Record" by Dr. David T. King found in The Wetumpka Impact Structure and Related Features, a guidebook prepared for the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Section Geological Society of America by Neathery et al., 1997.
		Note that all impact craters are in Earth's northern hemishpere, and are within an area approximately 40 degrees latitude by 125 degrees longitude.
		Eight of nine impact craters are clearly in epicontinental seas (white land area).
	www.auburn.edu /academic/science_math/geology/docs/wetumpka/imprecor.htm (172 words)

	Open Research Online - Boltysh, another end-cretaceous impact
		The currently accepted age of the 24 km diameter Boltysh crater, a K-Ar whole-rock age, places it in the Coniacian at 88 +/- 3 Ma.
		Crucially, although the ages of Boltysh and Chixculub are within errors, they may not have formed synchronously.
		Craters of 24 kin diameter occur much more commonly than impacts of Chixculub dimensions, but their proximity does raise the important question of how many impacts there might have been close to the K/T boundary.
	oro.open.ac.uk /4196 (256 words)

	Deep Impact - Research - The Open University
		The crater was formed in a very shallow sea on a flat continental shelf sixty five million years ago, at the same time as the Chicxulub crater in Mexico, though it has not been possible to determine whether the two happened at exactly the same time.
		The fact that Boltysh remained a hole in the ground on the flat continental shelf means that it holds a unique and near continuous record of the KT boundary (between the age of dinosaurs and the age of mammals) and early Paleogene period.
		The team’s previous work shows that the crater formed within about half a million years of the boundary, but at least one crater of this size (24 km diameter) forms on Earth every 1 million years so it might be coincidence.
	www.open.ac.uk /research/research-highlights/environment/deep-impact.php (671 words)

	Signs Supplement - Meteors, Asteroids, Comets, and NEOs 10
		Craters ranging from 20 meters to one kilometer in diameter have been created as a result of the clash.
		Based on the size distribution of the craters — the larger ones are in the southern part of the field, the smaller ones in the northern part — we conclude the meteoroid came out of the northeast and m oved southwest.
		The Boltysh crater in the Ukraine may be proof that multip le impacts occurred during the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) extinction.
	www.signs-of-the-times.org /signs/signs_meteor_supplement10.htm (12316 words)

	KnoxNews: Science
		Impact craters on Earth are more difficult to find because vegetation, weather, erosion and volcanic and tectonic activity hide and erase these ancient scars.
		Currently under intense study and buried under a mile of ice, this impact crater was formed by the strike of a meteoroid nearly 30 miles wide.
		Interesting note: Several other craters have recently been found that are the same age as Chicxulub, such as the Boltysh (Ukraine) and Silverpit (in the North Sea off the coast of the United Kingdom) craters.
	www.knoxnews.com /kns/science/article/0,1406,KNS_9116_4931556,00.html (878 words)

	SkyTonight.com - News from SkyTonight
		The Boltysh impact event occurred some 65 million years ago when a meteor impact crated a 24-kilometer-wide crater in the Ukraine.
		Many craters are dated merely by stratigraphic evidence, which is a less accurate dating method than using an isotopic chronometer.
		Boltysh's assumed age was in error by some 8 million years —; others could be off by that amount or more.
	skytonight.com /news/3306656.html?page=1&c=y (648 words)

	Boltysh crater - Definition, explanation
		The Boltysh Crater is a meteor crater in Ukraine.
		It is estimated that immediately after the impact, ejecta covered an area of 25,000 km²; to a depth of 1 m or greater, and was some 600 m deep at the crater rim.
		Although the ages derived for Chicxulub and Boltysh are the same to within the statistical errorss, it does not necessarily follow that they formed at exactly the same time.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/bo/boltysh_crater.php (684 words)

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