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| | Urban Development, Infrastructure Financing and Emerging System of Governance in India: A Perspective - Discussion ... |
 | | The availability of basic amenities such as water supply, toilets and electricity are analysed across the states and size class of urban settlements, reflecting an accentuation of regional imbalances. |
 | | The para-statal agencies (Housing Boards, Water Supply and Sewerage Boards, Development Authorities, etc), that were created in the post-independence period and had taken over many of the functions of local bodies, have come in for sharp criticism on the grounds of inefficiency, lack of cost effectiveness and continued dependence on grants for sustenance. |
 | | It is, nonetheless, very disturbing that in class V towns (with populations between 5,000 and 10,000), the percentage of households not covered by toilet, electricity and drinking water was as high as 61, 41 and 28 respectively in 1991. |
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