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Topic: Bona Sforza

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	Bona Sforza (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab5.csail.mit.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bona Sforza Bona Sforza (born February 2, 1494 - November 19, 1557) was a queen of Poland and a second wife of Sigismund I of Poland since 1518.
		Bona was born in Vigevano, the daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza of Milan and niece of Bianca Maria Sforza, who in 1493 had married Maximilian I.
		Bona, the niece of the empress, was a patron of Renaissance culture, which began to flourish in Poland.
	bona-sforza.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (154 words)

	Sforza - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		SFORZA [Sforza], Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
		Francesco was succeeded by his eldest son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1444-76, a highly educated but dissolute and cruel man; he was a patron of the arts and employed the architect Bramante.
		Galeazzo's daughter Bianca Maria married Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and his illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza, 1463?-1509, became the wife of Gerolamo Riario, lord of the cities of Imola and Forlì and a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-sforza.html (738 words)

	Bona Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bona Sforza (February 2, 1494 - November 19, 1557) was a member of the Milanese Sforza dynasty, was a queen of Poland, Grand Duchess of Lithuania, and became the second wife of Sigismund I of Poland in 1518.
		Her parents were Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan, and his cousin Isabella of Aragon (1470-1524), Princess of Naples and Duchess of Bari.
		Her maternal grandparents were Hippolyte Mary Sforza of Milan and Alfonso II of Naples, and her paternal grandparents Bona of Savoy and Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bona_Sforza (431 words)

	Poland's Italian Queen: Bona Sforza on the 500th Anniversary of her Birth
		Bona Sforza was born in 1494 (Italian sources give the date 1493) into the princely family of Milan.
		Bona was the daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza and Isabella of Aragon.
		It is thought that the inspiration for these portraits came from Bona because heads of angels in relief decorated the upper coffers of the triumphal arch of Alfonse I which stood at the entrance of the Palace in which she had lived in Naples.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/Bona/Bona.html (3047 words)

	Famiglie storiche - pafg35 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		MUZIO ATTENDOLO SFORZA CONTE COTIGNOLA was born in 1396 in COTIGNOLA.
		FRANCESCO I SFORZA DUCA MILANO was born in 1401.
		BOSIO SFORZA CONTE COTIGNOLA was born in 1411.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /ulamagni/fmglstoriche/pafg35.htm (265 words)

	POLISH NEWS - Polish History Page - Bona Maria Sforza - królowa Polski. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sigmund and Bona were seated in front of the altar in the throne-like chairs, surrounded by the King of Hungary, princes and princesses of Silesia and Mazowsze, representatives of the Emperor Maximilian, and all the Polish bishops.
		Bona jednak gasila dwór swój caly majestatem urody i wspanialoscia jasno-zielonej, przetykanej srebrem i obszywanej klejnotami szaty.
		Among Bona's merits are the 1524 treaties with the Prince of Western Pomerania; the Prince of Maklemburg, Henry, and the King of Denmark Frederick I. In 1525 Prussian elector Albrecht Hohenzollern paid homage to the Polish King Sigmund I. This act was the last of Bona's political intrigues, efforts and wise strategizing.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/history/2001/history1.shtml (12240 words)

	Sforza. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		His illegitimate son, Francesco I Sforza (see separate article), became duke of Milan in 1450 through his marriage to Bianca Maria Visconti, daughter of the last Visconti duke of Milan.
		Francesco was succeeded by his eldest son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1444–76, a highly educated but dissolute and cruel man; he was a patron of the arts and employed the architect Bramante.
		Galeazzo’s daughter Bianca Maria married Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and his illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza, 1463?–1509, became the wife of Gerolamo Riario, lord of the cities of Imola and Forlì and a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sf/Sforza.html (646 words)

	ooBdoo
		Passing to the Sforza, and thus to Sigismund of Poland, it was united in 1558 to the crown of Naples by Philip II of Spain in virtue of a doubtful will by Bona Sforza of Poland in favor of Giovanni Lorenzo Pappacoda.
		Under Isabella of Aragon and Bona of Poland, the town had been a centre of literary culture; but under the Spaniards, it declined.
		The church of Santa Chiara (1546-1554) was built by Bona Sforza of Poland.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Rossano (763 words)

	House of Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan.
		His son Francesco I Sforza ruled Milan for the first half of the Renaissance era, acquiring the title of Duke of Milan from the extinct Visconti family in 1447.
		The Sforza would later join with the Borgia Family, through the arranged marriage of Lucrezia Borgia to Giovanni Sforza (who was the son of Galeazzo Maria Sforza).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/House_of_Sforza (404 words)

	.it is - Castello Svevo di Bari: Il matrimonio di Bona Sforza
		Agli inizi del 1500 Il castello di Bari usciva dal clima grigio e pigro in cui si era venuto a trovare negli ultimi anni e cominciava a vivere una vita piena di emozioni con la nuova castellana Isabella d'Aragona.
		Bona Sforza era bella e dotata di una apprezzabile cultura formatasi alla corte di Bari, uno dei punti di riferimento più autorevoli nelle regioni meridionali.
		Bona Sforza fu una regina molto amata dal popolo polacco.
	www.italyis.com /puglia/ars_hist/castelli/10a_i.html (223 words)

	Bona Sforza (1494 – 1557)
		The Italian Princess Bona, of the Sforza family, became Queen of Poland in 1518 as the second wife of Sigismund I. At that time no one anticipated how significant a role she would play in European history.
		Bona tried to use the Polish lords' mistrust of the Radziwi³³ family, for fear of the influence they could bear on Sigismundus Augustus and his policy.
		Although Polish historians have treated Bona rather roughly, one must not forget that Poland owes a rich period of cultural developments specifically to her.
	www.poland.gov.pl /Bona,Sforza,(1494,%E2%80%93,1557),1958.html (694 words)

	..:: bona gayfirsttime spankingonline prolapsing ::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bona is a registered trademark of Bona, registered in the USA and other countries.
		Bona DeaBona Dea ('the Good Goddess') is a Roman fertility goddess, especially worshipped by the Roman...
		Bona Dea ("the Good Goddess") is a Roman fertility goddess, especially worshipped by the Roman...
	bigtitsroundasses2k.info /bona (638 words)

	Showcases :: Sforza Hours
		The Sforza Hours is an outstanding example of a Renaissance illuminated manuscript, and has a fascinating history.
		Her miniaturist, the Milanese court painter Giovan Pietro Birago had completed and delivered part of the book when a substantial part of the remainder was stolen, never to be recovered.
		Thirty years later, between 1517 and 1520, Bona's heir Margaret of Austria, widow of her nephew, Duke of Savoy and now Regent of the Netherlands, commissioned her own court painter, the Flemish illuminator Gerard Horenbout to execute 16 additional miniatures as replacements for the missing pages.
	www.bl.uk /collections/treasures/sforza.html (532 words)

	Sforza
		Ludovico Sforza was a devious man, seizing power in Milan from his adolescent nephew and arranging the execution of his nephew’s chief minister.
		It examines both the concrete political contingencies of the ascendance of Montefeltro and Sforza and employs Pierre Bourdieu’s and Michel Foucault’s theories of power as tools with which to develop a more nuanced idea of the political usefulness of art patronage.
		Ludovico Sforza required similar nodes of power if he was to maintain and build a clientele in Milan and develop relationships with foreign courts (upon whose aid his safety might have depended).
	www.stanford.edu /~mgorman/essays/John/Sforza.html (3444 words)

	Gallery- Poland-Lithuania: Queens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bona Sforza was born on February 2 1494 in Vigevano, Italy and died on November 19 1557, at the age of 63, of poisoning.
		Bona Sforza married Sigismund the Elder on April 18 1858; she was 24 and he was 51.
		She was the oldest child of King of Poland-Lithuania Sigismund the Elder and his second wife Bona Sforza.
	66.191.124.219:5980 /History/Galleries/pics_pol-queens.htm (389 words)

	Milan's tours - Renaissance Milan: Sforzesco Castle
		After the death of Francesco Sforza (1466) his son Galeazzo Maria succeeded him and had the work continued under the architect Benedetto Ferrigni, also from Florence, to whom we owe the loggia, the great staircase of honour, the portico of the Elephant, the chapel and the rear end of the Rocchetta.
		Under the regency of Bona di Savoia, the tower was built to which she gave her name (1476).
		Almost at the centre stands the Tower of Bona di Savoia 36 metres high and commissioned by the widow of Galeazzo Maria Sforza in 1477.
	www.discountmilano.com /tour/Rinascimento/Castello (1340 words)

	Anomalies Article: Spontaneous Human Combustion - Brief Reports
		Sometimes between 1468-1503 -- during the reign of Queen Bona Sforza in Milan, Italy -- a knight by the name of Polonus Vorstius consumed "two ladles of strong wine," vomited fire and was then consumed by flames.
		"A knight, Polonus, during the time of good queen Bona Sforza, having consumed two ladles of strong wine, vomited a flame and was thereupon totally consumed, according to a report from his parents, Mrs.
		Bona of Savoy married Galeazzo Maria Sforza in 1468, which was the beginning of her status as Queen of Italy, but her reign did not end in 1476; instead, this is the year her husband was assassinated, on December 26.
	anomalyinfo.com /articles/sa00096.shtml (505 words)

	Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The castle, built on a Roman fortress to guard the harbour, was re-constructed by Ruggiero II, a nephew of Robert Guiscard.
		In the late 16th century, Bona Sforza, 2nd wife of Zygmunt I, King of Poland, converted the castle into a palace.
		In 1557 Bona Sforza was buried in the Basilica di San Nicola in Bari, a church begun by the Normans in 1087, and which contains the relics of St Nicholas, patron saint of Russia.
	www.heritagesites.eu.com /italy/bari.htm (185 words)

	Ludovico Sforza — FactMonster.com
		Ludovico's attempt, with the aid of Swiss mercenaries, to recover his lands was defeated at Novara (1500); he was captured and died a prisoner in France.
		Before his fall, Ludovico Sforza was one of the wealthiest and most powerful princes of Renaissance Italy.
		Sforza - Sforza, Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0844626.html (373 words)

	Gallery- Poland-Lithuania: Queens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		She was the fourth child (third daughter) of Sigismund the Elder and his second wife Bona Sforza.
		Catherine Jagiellon was born in 1526 and died in 1583, at the age of 57.
		She was the youngest daughter of King of Poland-Lithuania Sigismund the Elder and his second wife Queen Bona Sforza; she was the younger sister of Sigismund August and Anna Jagiellon.
	66.191.124.219:5980 /History/Galleries/pics_pol-queens2.htm (435 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BONA SFORZA: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Her favorite, the influential crown marshal, Peter Kmita, obtained bribes simultaneously from both Jewish and Christian merchants, promising either party to protect its interests at the Diet or before the king.
		During the last years of Sigismund's reign Queen Bona not only assumed equal sovereign power with him, but often exercised absolute rule.
		There are many documents extant granting privileges to the Jews in Bona's name, which privileges were confirmed by subsequent rulers of Poland (see
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1256&letter=B (129 words)

	Courtly Lives - King Zygmunt August
		Bona Sforza was born on February 2, 1494 in Vigewano, and died November 19, 1557.
		Zygmunt II August was the son of Zygmunt I and Bona Sforza, was born on August 1, 1510, in Cracow, Poland.
		Zygmunt II became the King of Poland and Great Duke of Lithuania as co-regent in 1529, at age nine (9).
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/ZygmuntAugust.html (1334 words)

	Italy Substates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		1524-57 Sovereign Princess Bona Sforza of Bari, Rossano, Crottaglie, Ostuni and Monteserico
		She was daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, though she became the legitimized daughter of Lucrezia Landiani.
		I 1439, though a layman, he was elected as anti-pope Felix V by the remnants of the Council of Basel; he was never recognized by the whole church, and abdicated in 1449, whereupon he was made a cardinal and Bishop of Sabina.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /italy_substates.htm (10926 words)

	George Biandrata
		In 1539 he published Gynaecorum ex Aristotele et Bonaciolo exerpta, which he dedicated to Bona Sforza, the Milanese Queen of Poland, and her daughter Isabella, wife of John Zápolya, ruler (voivode) of Transylvania and king of Hungary.
		He served as personal physician to Queen Bona in Poland, 1540-44, and physician and advisor to Isabella, then the regent in Transylvania, 1544-51.
		Biandrata was, nevertheless, made welcome at the Polish court, where he obtained a position with Bona Sforza, the Queen dowager.
	www.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/giorgiobiandrata.html (2117 words)

	The Sforza Hours Finn's Fine Books Facsimile Book Catalogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		he Sforza Hours, a highlight of the Renaissance, was commissioned by Bona Sforza in about 1490.
		Most of the manuscript was illuminated by the Italian illustrator Giovan Pietro Birago, and completed by the Flemish illuminator, Gerard Horenbout, in the 16th century.
		The Sforza hours is one of the six most valuable works in the British Library collection, which is one of the world’s richest and most comprehensive.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~finns/sforza.htm (241 words)

	Sforza — FactMonster.com
		1369–1424, a farmer from the Romagna who became a noted condottiere and took the surname Sforza [the forcer].
		Galeazzo's wife, Bona of Savoy, acted as regent for their son,
		Francesco I Sforza - Sforza, Francesco I, 1401–66, duke of Milan (1450–66); illegitimate son of Muzio...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0844623.html (575 words)

	SFORZA - Online Information article about SFORZA
		SFORZA, the name of a famous See also:
		His daughter, BONA SFORZA (1493-1557), married King See also:
		Calvi, Bianca Maria Sforza-Visconti e gli ambasciatori di Lodovico it Moro (Milan, 1888) ; A. Segre, Lodovico Sforza, duca di Milano," in R. Accad.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SCY_SHA/SFORZA.html (1169 words)

	Salad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		According to legends, this salad was Queen Bona Sforza's favourite.
		Mizeria which means misery in Latin, it was believed that Bona Sforza had cried from homesickness for her native Italy while eating it.
		Place it in a colander, sprinkle with salt and leave for 30 minutes for the juices to drain.
	www.magma.ca /~pfeiffer/sharon/salad.htm (105 words)

	easterneuropeherbs.html
		Knab mentions it as one of the herbs that 16th century Queen Bona Sforza was credited with introducing, but also says that "In the Middle Ages, caraway was a trade item found in parts of Belgium and Poland, however it was already being used as a spice from the time of the first Piasts.
		Knab mentions it as one of the herbs that 16th century Queen Bona Sforza was credited with introducing, BUT then says that "Coriander was known in Poland during the time of the first Piasts (900 A.D.) In the Middle Ages it was valued both as a spice and as medication.
		Queen Bona Sforza is credited with introducing this into Poland in the 16th century, but Weaver uses it in his recipes, suggesting that it MAY have been known there earlier.
	www.gallowglass.org /jadwiga/herbs/easterneuropeherbs.html (7080 words)

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