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Topic: Bonapartist

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	Bonapartist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In French political history, Bonapartists were monarchists who desired a French Empire under the House of Bonaparte, the Corsican family of Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I of France) and his nephew Louis (Napoleon III of France).
		Bonapartists were essential in the election of Napoleon I's nephew Louis Napoleon Bonaparte as President of the Second Republic, and gave him the political support necessary for his 1852 discarding of the constitution and proclaiming the Second Empire.
		Napoleon, Duke of Reichstadt, son of Napoleon I, styled Napoleon II by Bonapartists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bonapartist (1121 words)

	When Truth Takes a Detour, Putting Democracy on the Back Burner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A "Bonapartist regime arises out of a social crisis, where no one class, group or party is capable of achieving a stable government".
		This is what imparts to the Bonapartist dictator his strange quality of isolation and individualism, because he represents no particular interest (other than his own).
		It is a childish political analysis to accuse the dissidents as Bonapartist where they cannot even defend themselves in a court of law.
	www.ethiopiancommentator.com /commentary/detour.htm (1346 words)

	Jean Gilbert Victor Fialin, duc de Persigny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The role played by his regiment in supporting the revolution of 1830 was regarded as insubordination, and next year Fialin was dismissed from the army.
		He became a journalist, and in 1833 became a strong Bonapartist, assuming the title of comte de Persigny, said to be dormant in his family.
		At Boulogne he was arrested and condemned to twenty years' imprisonment in a fortress, shortly afterwards commuted to mild detention at Versailles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jean_Gilbert_Victor_Fialin,_duc_de_Persigny (482 words)

	The Colonial Revolution and the Deformed Workers' States
		Mao, in typical Bonapartist fashion on the basis of the peasant army, always an instrument of (bourgeois) Bonapartism in the past, balanced between the classes.
		It is precisely because a proletarian Bonapartist dictatorship protects the privileges of the elite of state, party, the army, industry and the intellectuals of art and science that it has succeeded in so many backward countries.
		But a Bonapartist regime, basing itself on privilege and inequality, is incapable of such a policy: the chauvinistic excesses of Stalinist Russia and China are proof of this.
	www.marxist.com /TUT/TUT4-4.html (11427 words)

	The Militant - 12/7/98 -- Election Of Bonapartist Figure Ventura In Minnesota Is Danger To Working People
		Barnes, referring to the rise of the Bonapartist Perot phenomenon, stated: "This kind of movement, this kind of demagogy is going to be a permanent and growing aspect of the intersection of bourgeois and petty-bourgeois politics in the period we have entered.
		Like all Bonapartists, Ventura portrayed himself as a "strong man." Using his background as a former Navy SEAL, a professional wrestler, and a radio "shock jock" talk show host, he tried to create the impression that he could cut through legislative logjams and cope with corrupt partisan politicians.
		The challenge for class-struggle fighters to explain clearly the danger of Bonapartist demagogy is compounded by the adaptation of some labor officials and their hangers-on to Ventura.
	www.themilitant.com /1998/6244/6244_13.html (1426 words)

	Interactivist Info Exchange \| Saul Newman, "Anarchism, Marxism and the Bonapartist State" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It draws on the Bonapartist moment in Marx's thinking, seeing this as laying the groundwork for the development of a theory of the state as autonomous from class, suggesting that the implications of this argument are only fully realised in anarchism.
		This paper examines some of the key aspects of this conflict, focussing on the 'Bonapartist moment' in classical Marxism: that is, the emergence of the theoretical conditions for the relative autonomy of the state.
		On the other hand, it is Marx's Bonapartist version of the state that which sees it as a neutral institution not beholden to class interests — that is precisely the logic which, for anarchists, paradoxically d enies the neutrality of the state.
	info.interactivist.net /article.pl?sid=04/07/28/1537224 (5450 words)

	The Militant - 12/21/98 -- Bonapartist Figure Hugo Chávez Is Elected President In Venezuela
		Elections in crisis-wracked Venezuela have yielded a Bonapartist figure as president - former military officer Hugo Chávez Frías, who became popular after organizing a failed coup in 1992 against a discredited regime.
		The new president, as is traditionally the case with Bonapartist figures, projects himself as a savior rising above social classes and traditional institutions.
		Fujimori, a Bonapartist figure himself, ran on a similar anticorruption, "put faith in me"-type campaign.
	www.themilitant.com /1998/6246/6246_3.html (1546 words)

	SparkNotes: The Count of Monte Cristo: Chapters 6–14
		This feast is in honor of an aristocratic couple: the young daughter of the Marquis of Saint-Méran and her fiancé, Gérard de Villefort, the deputy public prosecutor of Marseilles.
		Nineteenth-century France was divided by a deep political schism between revolutionary Bonapartists, who hoped to bring Napoleon and his liberal democratic ideas back to the French throne, and conservative royalists, who were committed to the old French royal family and their traditional rule.
		Characters associated with the Bonapartist cause, such as Morrel, Dantès, the dead captain, and Noirtier, are portrayed in a sympathetic light, while the aristocratic royalists, such as Villefort and the Marquise de Saint-Méran, are cast in the roles of villains.
	www.sparknotes.com /lit/montecristo/section2.rhtml (1527 words)

	EI N°14 The regime of "Democratic Counter-Revolution"
		The Menem’s regime was a combination of a government with strong Bonapartist features, with the presidency at its core, and a discretional recourse to decrees and the Supreme Court all alike, but always within the framework of the institutions of the bourgeois democratic régime.
		This reflected the most Bonapartist features of Menem’s regime, that in order to push ahead with the demands of imperialism needed to keep a strong bureaucratic grip on the working class movement, in turn clipping the wings of the "union lobby" when it came to major decisions.
		Historically, the Bonapartist character of the semi-colonial countries: "…determines the future of the unions: either they exist under the tutelage of the state or else are subjected to a cruel prosecution.
	www.ft.org.ar /estrategia/ei14/ei14regime(ingles).htm (4279 words)

	Bonapartist: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		(Bonapartists continued to aspire and to agitate for another member of the family to be placed on the throne.
		The second french empire or second empire was the imperial bonapartist regime of napoleon iii from 1852 to 1870, between the second republic...
		In marxian political economics, the ruling class refers to that segment or class of society that has the most economic and political power....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bo/bonapartist.htm (1130 words)

	Bonapartizmden Faşizme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bonapartist bürokrasi burjuvazinin siyasal iktidarını esas temsilcilerinin elinden alsa da, Marx’ın Bonaparte için dediği gibi, burjuvazinin maddi gücünü korumakla onun siyasal gücünü yeniden yaratmış olmaktadır.
		Bonapartist rejimin akıbetini değerlendirirken, Marx, onun hükümet mekanizmasının “kutsal” halesini çekip çıkartarak, onu hiçe sayarak, onu aynı zamanda hem rezil ederek hem de gülünç duruma düşürerek bizzat düzen adına anarşi yarattığını belirtir.
		Bonapartist iktidarı, bir bireyin zora başvurması olarak gören Victor Hugo’nun yaklaşımını eleştirir Marx.
	www.marksist.com /kitaplik/onlineKitap/Bonapartizm/bolum1_2.htm (6468 words)

	The Colonial Revolution and the Deformed Workers ' States : Indymedia Colombia
		It can only be explained by the impasse of capitalism in China, the paralysis of imperialism, the existence of a strong deformed Bonapartist state in Stalinist Russia, and most important of all, the delay in the victory in the industrially advanced countries of the world.
		Not a single one of these tendencies was capable of analysing the main forces and processes of the epoch, in which the colonial world saw a caricature of permanent revolution in which weird and deformed workers' states were being set up.
		Only genuine Marxism has been able from the beginning to explain all these 'outlandish' phenomena from the viewpoint of the working class and the class nature of society and the organic crisis of world capitalism which is manifested first of all at its weaker and more backward extremities.
	colombia.indymedia.org /news/2006/03/39535.php (10203 words)

	On Fascism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Marx’s prediction concerning the defeat of the Bonapartist army in 1870-71 was rooted in his profound and incisive class analysis of this army.
		Unmistakeably, it has essential features in common with the Bonapartist form of dictatorship: once again there is "the independence of the executive power", the political subjugation of all the masses, including the bourgeoisie itself, beneath the fascist state power, along with the social domination of the big bourgeoisie and large landlords.
		Its existence alongside the fascist militia corresponds to the necessary organisation of the armed forces under conditions of imperialism, where a professional or mercenary army alone is seen to be insufficient and a mass army based on the widest extension of military service is demanded.
	www.whatnextjournal.co.uk /Pages/Theory/Fascism.html (6307 words)

	[No title]
		Yet, in the turmoil of surprise, with the real leaders of the working class still shut up in Bonapartist prisons nd the Prussian already marching on Paris, Paris bore with their assumption of power, on the express condition that it was to be wielded for the single purpose of national defence.
		During the whole continuance of the siege, the Bonapartist cut-throats, whom trochu had wisely intrusted with the command of the Paris army, exchanged, in their intimate correspondence, ribald joke at the well-understood mockery of defence.
		In the interval between the conclusion of peace and the arrival of the Bonapartist prisoners, Thiers felt the more bound to resume his comedy of of conciliation, as his republican tools stood in sore need of a pretext for blinking their eyes at the preparations for the carnage of Paris.
	marx.eserver.org /1871-civil.war.france/05-third.address.txt (11798 words)

	Max Shachtman: Genesis of Trotskyism (Chap.9) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Superficial examination alone permits one to exclude this possibility, as well as the possibility of a Thermidorian overturn, on the ground of the so-called “liquidation of the Kulak.” If this were actually the case, the danger would undoubtedly be considered diminished, although even then, not eliminated.
		For it to be fully fledged as a Bonapartist ruling machine, it must first receive baptism in the blood shed by a civil war, that inevitable concomitant to the overthrow of the proletarian dictatorship which the reaction cannot hope to avert.
		The overthrow itself, however, can be averted, but only by restoring the party of the proletariat, the crushing of which has made possible the accumulation of all the internal contradictions and the maturing of the counter revolutionary factors.
	www.marxists.org /archive/shachtma/1933/gentrot/ch09.htm (1336 words)

	Democracy or Bonapartism in Europe
		At the same time, we characterise as Bonapartist, a regime where the basic class forces of bourgeoisie and proletariat more or less balance one another, thus allowing the state power to manoeuvre and balance the contending camps and again giving the state power a certain independence in relation to society as a whole.
		It is clear that the position today is entirely different from the position in Germany and Italy before the victory of fascism, where mass parties of fascism were organised and the possibility of the state manoeuvring between the two mortally hostile camps, was posed by the whole situation.
		As is well known, this attempted Bonapartist coup was defeated by the masses, where the communists and socialists participated in a general strike.
	www.marxist.com /TUT/TUT2-2.html (8831 words)

	Moreno: Revolution and Counter Revolution in Portugal (Part 4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Trotsky points out the strong Bonapartist tendencies of Kerensky, tendencies that cannot be imposed owing to the victorious rise of the mass movement, which culminates in the taking of power.
		And, precisely because of this, because the Bonapartist tendencies are not able to impose themselves, the government is not Bonapartist, but another type of government: Kerenskyist, as we have already mentioned.
		In the second place, the apparatus on which they depend is Bonapartist, it is the Bonapartist dictatorship of the Soviet bureaucracy that “infects” all of the Communist parties.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/portugal/port05.htm (9089 words)

	Prince Victor
		He was very quickly blocked in any actions he might have taken by the bill of exile, passed by the Third Republic in 1886, which distanced him from his supporters.
		With the exception of some works of Bonapartist propaganda written on him while he was still alive, no book has ever been written on him.
		Indeed to compensate for the decline of the Bonapartist party, Prince Victor decided to concentrate on one thing which was going to take up his whole life: namely, the development and nurturing of the Napoleonic legend, principally through the building of an outstanding Napoleonic collection.
	www.musee-napoleon.com /prince_victor1.htm (894 words)

	Historical reprint: The Russian defeat in Afghanistan
		Under Gorbachev, the Soviet bureaucracy signalled that it was no longer prepared to give massive economic and military support to the Stalinist-type bonapartist regimes that had been backed under Brezhnev in the 1970s, when the bureaucracy had been pushing to extend its international strategic power.
		The coming to power of a proletarian bonapartist regime (one based on a nationalised, planned economy but presided over by a totalitarian elite) under Taraki in April 1978 evidently took the Kremlin by surprise.
		A new bonapartist government, repudiating the PDPA, might well be able to draw in some of the mujaheddin leaders.
	www.socialismtoday.org /61/repreint.html (3806 words)

	The Colonial Revolution and the Sino-Soviet Split
		In a period where the revolution (apart from Czechoslovakia) has taken place in backward or undeveloped countries, distortions, even monstrous distortions in the nature of the state created by the revolution are inevitable, so long as the most vital industrialised areas of the world remain under the control of capital.
		The Bonapartist regimes - regimes of crisis - reflect the unresolved economic and social problems, both on the narrow national plane and internationally - crises which can only be resolved by world revolution, especially in the advanced countries.
		It is a striking indication of the weakness of 'Marxist' theorists and their lack of conscientiousness towards the problems of the socialist revolution, that nowhere are the problems of the different countries considered from the point of view of world revolution and world socialism.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /socappeal/TUT/TUT4-3.html (13603 words)

	[No title]
		But while insultingly exhibiting the true purpose of the disarmament of Paris, the conspirators asked her to lay down her arms on a pretext which was the most glaring, the most barefaced of lies.
		On the eve of the entrance of the Prussians into Paris, the Central Committee took measures for the removal to Montmartre, Belleville, and La Villette, of the cannon and _mitrailleuses_ treacherously abandoned by the _capitulards_ in and about the very quarters the Prussians were to occupy.
		One of the Bonapartist officers engaged in the nocturnal attempt against Montmartre, General Lecomte, had four times ordered the 81st line regiment to fire at an unarmed gathering in the Place Pigalle, and on their refusal fiercely insulted them.
	history.hanover.edu /modern/marx/MARXFRC8.html (2219 words)

	The Revolution in Portugal - Ted Grant
		In the sense of the world relationship of forces, the exhaustion of capitalism and the feebleness of bourgeois power in comparison with the potential strength of the world working class, the Portuguese Revolution was and is in a far more favourable position than the Russian and the inter-war or immediate post-war revolutions.
		Spinola was attempting to assume a Bonapartist role with the support of the MFA; the CP and the SP leaders without perspective or policy especially the former, tagged behind Spinola.
		Now a campaign began for a Bonapartist plebiscite, which would confirm Spinola, "the hero of the Revolution" as president, and give him a basis to rally reactionary officers plus the peasantry and petit bourgeoisie, especially in the politically backward North (of peasant small holders).
	www.newyouth.com /archives/westerneurope/portugal/revolution_in_portugal_.html (12339 words)

	May 22 -- Ben Seattle -- Stalin, polls and signal-to-noise (was: RSVP: Stalin - Leninist or Bonapartist?) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		May 22 -- Ben Seattle -- Stalin, polls and signal-to-noise (was: RSVP: Stalin - Leninist or Bonapartist?)
		Subject: Stalin, polls and signal-to-noise (was: RSVP: Stalin - Leninist or Bonapartist?) Date: Saturday, May 22, 1999 11:29 AM
		Was Stalin indeed the gravedigger of the Russian Revolution, the destroyer of workers' democracy and internationalism, the creator of a reactionary bureaucracy which eventually destroyed the USSR; or was he the rightful successor to Lenin, who built Socialism against the odds, while speaking for the workers and peasants of the world?
	www.leninism.org /stream/99/mll/0522-2-bensea.asp (1049 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Napoleon III of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There remained in France, under both the Bourbon and then the Orleanist monarchy, a Bonapartist movement which wanted to restore a Bonaparte to the throne.
		Since Joseph had no male children, and because Louis-Napoléon's own elder brother had died in 1831, the death of Napoléon II in 1832 made Louis-Napoléon the Bonaparte heir in the next generation.
		A month later, his father Louis was dead, making Louis-Napoléon, in Bonapartist eyes, rightful Emperor of the French.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Napoleon-III-of-France (5470 words)

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