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Topic: Bone rank system

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	Cato T. Laurencin, M.D., Ph.D.
		Yu, X, Botchwey, E.A., Levine, E.M., Pollack, S.R. and Laurencin, C.T.: Bioreactor-based bone tissue engineering:the influence of dynamic flow on osteoblast phenotype expression and matrix mineralization.
		Khan, Y.M., Katti, D.S. and Laurencin, C.T.: Novel polymer-synthesized ceramic composite-based system for bone repair:an in vitro evaluation.
		Laurencin, C., Attawia, M., and Botchwey, E.: Cell-material systems for anterior cruciate ligament regeneration.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/orthopaedics/laurencin.cfm (847 words)

	Mongolian Language Project
		The word bone metaporically represents the Mongolian social hierarchal structure of lineage and the pride that is carried within those family trees.
		Bone is simply the single word that symbolizes the importance of heritage and lineage in steppe culture.
		Bones became a image in particular, that were used to show and mark the Mongolian destruction of the outside world.
	www.macalester.edu /anthropology/mongolia/bone.html (749 words)

	News: Phase 2 Interim Data Show Denosumab Decreased Bone Turnover in Advanced Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases. ...
		Bone metastases are one of the most frequent causes of pain in people with cancer and may lead to skeletal-related events (SREs) such as fractures, the need for bone surgery or radiation, and other complications.
		RANK Ligand is an essential mediator of the formation, function and survival of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for resorbing or breaking down bone.
		Bone metastases are deposits of cancer cells that separate from tumors, enter the bloodstream or the lymph system, and migrate to bone tissue where they settle and grow.
	www.genengnews.com /news/bnitem.aspx?name=2202009 (1923 words)

	Bone rank system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bone rank system was the system of aristocratic rank used in the ancient Korean kingdom of Silla.
		Bone rank was strictly hereditary, and thus acted as a caste system.
		After the fall of Silla, the bone rank system was abolished, although different and somewhat more flexible caste systems persisted until near the end of the Joseon Dynasty in the late 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bone_rank_system (649 words)

	LLU: Medicine: Anatomy: Histology Mentor Syllabus: Bone
		Interstitial lamellae are fragments of prior osteons or circumferential lamella - indicative of the constant turnover of bone.
		Bone acts as a buffer for calcium so that the moment to moment control of calcium concentration is determined by the rate at which calcium enters and leaves bone.
		The osteoclast precursors have on their surface receptors for a ligand that is presented on the surface of stromal cells or are released in a soluble form by the action of metaloproteases.
	www.llu.edu /llu/medicine/anatomy/glossary/syllabus/bone.html (1178 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease, the synovial tissue in joints, bursae and tendon sheaths form the primary target for new therapies.
		It is a systemic, non-caseating granulomatous disorder with frequent pulmonary involvement.
		Bone erosions are defined as a break in the cortex of the bone in two planes (transverse and longitudinal).
	www.rheuma21st.com /archives/report_dubaibone_jointmeeting.html (6747 words)

	Paget Foundation_Q&A
		Also, RANK has been found in one family where a family member developed Paget’s disease at a younger age than most Paget’s disease patients. The final gene associated with Paget’s disease is the VCP gene, a gene that is found in Paget’s disease patients who also have a muscle weakness disease and dementia.
		Because bones affected with Paget’s disease have a distinct appearance in x-rays, x-ray is the main means of diagnosing Paget’s disease. Rarely, a bone biopsy is necessary for diagnosis when the x-ray result is inconclusive.
		Bone scans are useful in determining the extent andactivity of the disease.
	www.paget.org /information/QA/disease_bone.htm (2971 words)

	Regulation of cancer cell migration and bone metastasis by RANKL : Nature
		Regulation of cancer cell migration and bone metastasis by RANKL
		Bone metastases are a frequent complication of many cancers that result in severe disease burden and pain
		RANK is expressed on cancer cell lines and breast cancer cells in patients.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v440/n7084/abs/nature04524.html (443 words)

	Bone Disease in HIV: study finds, heavily pre-treated patients had Vitamin D deficiency & serum marker abnormalities & ...
		As the activation of bone remodelling is a key factor in causing the cortical porosity and trabecular network deterioration that increase bone fragility, regardless of bone mineral density (BMD) [14], its presence and clinical relevance require to be investigated in fully characterized patient cohorts.
		The controversy concerning bone turnover in HIV-infected patients may be resolved by considering that the high bone turnover typical of HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy is of multifactorial origin.
		By analogy with other bone metabolic states characterized by a high bone turnover and high OPG levels, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis [24], it is possible that high OPG levels indicate a protective response designed to counteract osteoclastogenesis activation by operating as a homeostatic system, in order to limit any more rapid bone loss.
	www.natap.org /2005/HIV/053105_02.htm (2500 words)

	CHAPTER 2: THE BASICS OF BONE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
		Bones do not work in isolation, but rather are part of the musculoskeletal system, providing the “lever” that allows muscles to move (by pulling on the lever).
		The stronger the bones are at this time, the better able they are to deal with any withdrawals of calcium and phosphorus that are needed and with any other changes to bone that occur with aging.
		The composition of the mineral and matrix, the fine structure of the trabecular bone, the porosity of the cortical bone, and the presence of micro-fractures and other forms of damage in bone are all important in determining bone strength.
	www.surgeongeneral.gov /library/bonehealth/chapter_2.html (7938 words)

	Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment - National Cancer Institute
		Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: The removal of a small piece of bone and bone marrow by inserting a needle into the hipbone or breastbone.
		Cytogenetic analysis: A test in which the cells in a sample of blood or bone marrow are viewed under a microscope to look for certain changes in the chromosomes.
		At least 20% of the cells in the bone marrow are blast (leukemia cells).
	www.cancer.gov /cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/adultAML/patient (1313 words)

	3. Korea, 540-918. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Chinese political institutions, Buddhism, Confucianism, and the Chinese writing system were imported to all three of the principal Korean kingdoms, in spite of changing conditions of war and peace with various Chinese states.
		The Three Kingdoms period was an age of strong, centralized aristocracy in all three states.
		The best known was Silla's “bone-rank” system, which implied a hereditary bloodline; it had a detailed differentiation of social strata, with stratified privileges.
	www.bartleby.com /67/377.html (750 words)

	Providence health system shows investigational osteoporosis therapy increases bone mineral density
		Bone mineral density is often used to gauge a person's risk of fracture.
		Denosumab is a RANK Ligand inhibitor under development by Amgen, Inc. of Thousand Oaks, Calif. The investigational therapy is designed to target RANK Ligand, a protein that is the primary mediator of osteoclast formation, function and survival.
		Providence Health System in Oregon, ranked as the fourth most integrated health care system in the nation, offers a comprehensive array of health and education services through its seven hospitals, medical clinics, health plans, long-term care facilities and home health services.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-02/pn-phs022206.php (625 words)

	Seoul Searching - Korea has a rich history of which modern Seoulites have inherited.
		The former writing system, which used Chinese characters to represent sounds rather than ideas to form a very limited alphabet, was replaced with the invention of hangul, an alphabet which could perfectly transcribe all the sounds of the Korean language, whose creation was sponsored by King Sejong.
		With the fall of the Koryeo dynasty, the kol'pum, or bone rank class system disappeared and was replaced with an aristocratic lineage system known as Yangban.
		There were the commoners whose rank and file comprised tenant farmers, craftsmen, and free laborers.
	www.seoulsearching.com /culture/history.html (1571 words)

	North Korea - The Chosn Dynasty
		Buddhist influence in and complicity with the old system made it easier for the Confucian literati to urge an extirpation of Buddhist economic and political influence, and exile in the mountains for monks and their disciples.
		Korea's traditional class system also included a peasant majority and minorities of petty clerks, merchants, and so-called base classes (ch'ommin), that is, castelike hereditary groups (paekchng) such as butchers, leather tanners, and beggars.
		Peasants or farmers ranked higher than merchants because they worked the land, but the life of the peasantry was almost always difficult during the dynasty, and became more so later on.
	countrystudies.us /north-korea/9.htm (2022 words)

	Bone: The Great Cow Race First Look - PC News at GameSpot
		Telltale reps told us that the first Bone game was designed to appeal to a mass audience, but with the sequel, the designers have swung the pendulum back a bit, more toward the hardcore adventure-gaming set.
		During this sequence, Fone Bone wanted to send a poem to the lovely Thorne expressing his affection for her, and it was up to the player to compose the verses that would win Thorne's love.
		The first Bone game was peppered with action minigames that were meant to break up the adventuring, though the more hardcore adventure-game fans apparently would have preferred to stick to the puzzle-solving at the expense of the frantic mouse-clicking.
	www.gamespot.com /pc/adventure/bone2/preview_6146336.html (1035 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Age of donor alters the effect of cyclic hydrostatic pressure on production by human ...
		The effect of strain on bone is now well documented [1-3] and it is clear that increased strain generally leads to increased bone formation.
		A few studies have examined the effect of hydrostatic compression on bone or bone cells [4-10] and similarly found that hydrostatic compression is likely to lead to increased net bone formation.
		RANK is found on osteoclast-like cells and mononuclear cells in bone [33] and other tissues [36,37].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2474/7/21 (6204 words)

	Jedi Realist Academy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ranks or titles or levels, have been a feature of the Jedi Community since its inception.
		The JRA level system uses six titles to describe the Jedi at the Academy.
		The JRA rank system has been developed to be as inclusive as possible.
	www.jedirealistacademy.org /pages/Ranks.html (1071 words)

	Animations
		The animation is derived from measurements of the bone surfaces and tetracyline labelling.
		The bone formation rate in this movie is a bit above average, but within the normal range.
		The shades of green represent the mineralization density: newly formed bone is not very dense (pale green) and older bone is denser (dark green).
	courses.washington.edu /bonephys/opmovies.html (601 words)

	Choe Chiwon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Choe Chiwon was born in the Saryang district of the Silla capital of Gyeongju in 857.
		He was of the so-called "head rank six" (yukdupum 六頭品) class, a hereditary class in Silla's stringent bone rank system affixed to those of mixed aristocratic/commoner birth.
		The central monarchy had been greatly weakened by internecine struggle, with power devolving first into the hands of the bone rank aristocracy and then - more ominously for Silla's surivial - into the hands of regional warlords who controlled the countryside outside the capital region, and in some cases commanded their own private armies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Choe_Chi-won (1868 words)

	Fruit-vegetables and bone health
		The skeleton itself has been referred to as "a giant ion exchange column loaded with an alkali buffer," as 80% of body carbonate, 80% of body citrate, and 35% of body sodium are contained in solution within the hydration shell of bone and are released in response to metabolic acid.
		A major requirements therefore of our metabolic system is to ensure that hydrogen ion concentrations are maintained between 0.035 and 0.045 m Eq/L. Acid-forming foods (protein and carbohydrates) drain calcium from the bones; alkalizing foods (fruits, vegetables, seaweeds) neutralize the acids and prevent calcium drain.
		Research is now required to determine the long term clinical impact of alkalinity on bone health and fracture risk as well as clarification of the exact mechanisms involved with respect to this diet on skeletal protection.
	www.womenfitness.net /bone_health.htm (559 words)

	Role of RANKL and RANK in bone loss and arthritis -- Jones et al. 61 (Supplement 2): 32 -- Annals of the Rheumatic ...
		Morphogenesis and remodelling of bone entail the synthesis of
		RANKL binding to the RANK expressed on haematopoietic progenitors activates a signal transduction cascade that leads to osteoclast differentiation in the presence of the survival factor CSF1.
		RANK is the intrinsic hematopoietic cell surface receptor that controls osteoclastogenesis and regulation of bone mass and calcium metabolism.
	ard.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/61/suppl_2/ii32 (6791 words)

	Early Korea
		These people practiced agriculture in a settled communal life, and are widely supposed to have had consanguineous clans as their basic social grouping.
		Korean historians in modern times sometimes assume that the clan leadership systems characterized by councils of nobles (hwabaek) that emerged in the subsequent Silla period can be traced back to these neolithic peoples, and that a mythical "child of the sn," an original Korean, also was born then.
		Increased agricultural output presumably ensued, allowing further political and cultural development that included an administrative code in 520, a class system of hereditary "bone-ranks" for choosing elites, and the adoption of Buddhism as the state religion around 535.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Korea.html (6828 words)

	whats new
		The increased bone density in the transgenics was associated with significant increases in vertebral compressive and femoral bending strength
		SFRP-1 is a negative regulator of osteoblast and osteocyte survival, osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in mice.
		Ott, S. Bone histomorphometric and biochemical marker results of a 2-year placebo-controlled trial of raloxifene in postmenopausal women.
	courses.washington.edu /bonephys/oldnews/opnew02.html (1750 words)

	The RANKL/OPG system is activated in inflammatory bowel disease and relates to the state of bone loss -- Moschen et al. ...
		The RANKL/OPG system is activated in inflammatory bowel disease and relates to the state of bone loss -- Moschen et al.
		The RANKL/OPG system is activated in inflammatory bowel disease and relates to the state of bone loss
		Metabolic bone disease is present at diagnosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
	gut.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/54/4/479 (3555 words)

	Korea to 1875 by Sanderson Beck
		Wang Ko-in also protested the bone-rank system and was arrested for criticizing the government with hidden meanings.
		The stipend land system broke down as land was allocated to office holders as salaries.
		At first he suggested confiscating the large landholdings and redistributing them to the peasants; land would be owned and worked by each village unit with the harvest apportioned according to the labor of individuals.
	www.san.beck.org /3-10-Koreato1875.html (16754 words)

	Colon Cancer
		Left untreated, these cancers grow and eventually spread through the colon wall to involve the adjacent lymph nodes and organs.
		Ultimately, they spread to distant organs such as the liver, lungs, brain, and bones.
		Deaths from colorectal cancer rank third after lung and prostate cancer for men and third after lung and breast cancer for women.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /articles/13703-1.asp (347 words)

	Animal Health Issues: Immune System - Problems and Support
		Some are saying that it is even keeping fleas off their pets...which the only way I can figure that could occur, is because it keeps their immune systems strong, since it's not allowing bacteria, viral, or fungal issues to bring their pets' immune systems down.
		Pure CS is known to be eliminated from the system within a few hours of ingestion.
		Of all the supplements available, I would rank CS among the top 3 that I would always use and have on hand.
	katberard.com /hea_immunesystem.htm (4749 words)

	Korean History in a nutshell - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Some of the kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.
		For much of the Samhan period, the relations of the Chinese commanderies with the Samhan states mirrored those of China with its tributaries; a politically-driven trading system in which "tribute" was exchanged for titles or prestige gifts such as bronze mirrors.
		However, this system appears to have changed after the fall of the Kingdom of Wei in the third century.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=1898 (7599 words)

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