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Topic: Bone resorption

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	Bone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bones support body structures, protect internal organs, and (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; are also involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.
		Bone is a relatively hard and lightweight composite material, formed mostly of calcium phosphate in the chemical arrangement termed calcium hydroxyapatite.
		Intramembranous ossification mainly occurs during formation of the flat bones of the skull; the bone is formed from mesenchyme tissue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bone (1706 words)

	Bone
		The principal bone cells are the osteocyte, the osteoblast, and the osteoclast.
		The process of bone remodeling occurs continually in the embryo, fetus and the adult in order to maintain the proper shape of the bone during growth, and for adaptation to normal variations in physiological conditions and to changes in stress throughout life.
		The calcified cartilage is invaded by vascular, osteogenic tissue from the diaphysis.
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/histomanual/bone.html (1980 words)

	Bone Resorption : Overview \| Metametrix Clinical Laboratory
		Bone is a very active tissue, undergoing constant "remodeling," a process of both formation and resorption.
		Active bone resorption requires a breakdown of this protein structure; the peptide fragments from this breakdown are excreted in urine.
		Since bone resorption is a relatively constant process, the amount of specific peptides found in the urine provides an accurate measure of the rate of bone resorption.
	www.metametrix.com /TestServ/default.asp?PageID=5 (419 words)

	Effects of Alcohol Use and Estrogen on Bone
		Estrogen deficiency accelerates bone remodeling, which is the process by which small areas of bone are destroyed and rebuilt, and leads to an imbalance whereby bone resorption-the part of remodeling consisting of breaking down and assimilating-exceeds bone formation.
		Osteoporosis usually is caused by a chronic imbalance in the bone remodeling cycle in which bone resorption (shown in part B of the figure) is not adequately compensated for by subsequent bone formation (shown in part D of the figure).
		Bone resorption is the first step in bone remodeling, in which a small packet of bone is broken down.
	pubs.niaaa.nih.gov /publications/arh25-4/276-281.htm (4136 words)

	Myeloma Bone Disease
		In patients with multiple myeloma, bone resorption by the osteoclasts is increased and exceeds bone reformation.
		The bone marrow microenvironment is the area within the bone (the marrow) where stem cells develop into blood cells and the cells of the immune system.
		Within the bone marrow microenvironment, tumor cells adhere to the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), which are the structural cells of the bone marrow.
	www.multiplemyeloma.org /about_myeloma/2.08.html (801 words)

	The cell biology of bone growth
		Modelling continues throughout adult life with bone resorption equally balanced by bone formation in a healthy skeleton, although in the adult the process is referred to as remodelling.
		Bone is an organ composed of cortical and trabecular bone, cartilage, haemopoetic and connective tissues (Ham, 1974).
		This is endochondral ossification, the mechanism responsible for increasing the length of the bone.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/food2/UID06E/uid06e0u.htm (4190 words)

	Bone Resorption
		The Bone Resorption Assessment is also invaluable in studying osteoporosis and the bone diseases associated with arthritis, metabolic bone disease, and cancer.
		Bone resorption has been evaluated by a number of urinary excretion assays, including hydroxyproline, galactosyl hydroxylysine, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline.
		Pyd is a major cross-link in the collagen of bone as well as connective tissues (tendon and cartilage, but not skin), while D-Pyd is located primarily in bone and serves as a specific marker of this tissue.
	www.drgrisanti.com /new_page_17.htm (3085 words)

	NOF Patient Info - Medications to Prevent & Treat Osteoporosis
		Bone remodeling consists of two distinct stages: bone resorption and bone formation.
		Usually, bone resorption and bone formation are linked so that they occur in close sequence and remain balanced.
		ET has been shown to reduce bone loss, increase bone density in both the spine and hip, and reduce the risk of hip and spinal fractures in postmenopausal women.
	www.nof.org /patientinfo/medications.htm (1651 words)

	Bone Resorption Tests - Susan Brown Ph.D., The Osteoporosis Nutritionist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Urinary markers of bone breakdown (known as markers of bone resorption) are simple urine tests, which can help determine if you are currently losing bone, or not.
		A high rate of bone breakdown is strongly suggestive of current, on-going bone loss and a greater risk for osteoporotic fracture.
		A low rate of bone resorption would be one that is similar to that of the ideal young adult for whom bone breakdown and bone build-up should be in balance.
	www.susanbrownphd.com /hot_topics/bone_resorption.htm (523 words)

	The mechanisms of estrogen regulation of bone resorption -- Riggs 106 (10): 1203 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		in bone marrow mediates the increased bone resorption and bone
		The roles of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand in the paracrine regulation of bone resorption.
		Interleukin-6 expression and histomorphometry of bones from mice deficient in receptors for interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/106/10/1203 (1226 words)

	CCFA.org: Bone Loss
		These two processes -- bone resorption and bone formation -- are twin components of the body's continuous bone turnover known as bone remodeling.
		If bone resorption and formation occurred at exactly the same pace, bone mass would remain the same.
		Bone fractures due to osteoporosis most often occur in the spine and hips.
	www.ccfa.org /info/about/complications/boneloss (1018 words)

	Ipriflavone Bone Support Complex A Research-Proven Bone Builder Article
		By decreasing resorption of bone, a gain in bone density of 5 to 10% is possible over a period of about 2 to 3 years.
		Ipriflavone (7-isopropoxy iso-flavone) is a synthetic isoflavone derivative that acts primarily to suppress bone resorption.
		bone resorption, while simultaneously stimulating the formation of osteoblasts to form new bone cells.(16,17) Unlike calcitonin, ipriflavone was found to be free of serious side effects.
	www.vrp.com /art/328.asp (2283 words)

	Bone Density Scan (bone mineral density test) from MedicineNet.com
		This is the natural, healthy state of continuous uptake of old bone (resorption) followed by the deposit of new bone.
		The result is a thinning of the bone with an accompanying loss in bone strength and a greater risk of fracture.
		Since women generally have a lower bone mass to begin with in comparison with men, the ultimate result is a higher risk of fracture in postmenopausal women as compared to men of the same age.
	www.medicinenet.com /bone_density_scan/article.htm (701 words)

	BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life
		Bone density and structure is maintained through a balance of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone deposition by osteoblasts.
		The combination of simultaneous resorption and deposition creates continual remodeling of bone while excess osteoclast activity leads to an imbalance and a loss of bone density, causing osteoporosis.
		Mice lacking the c-Fos gene have overly dense bone and decreased bone resorption due to reduced osteoclast differentiation, indicating that c-Fos is an important mediator of osteoclast differentiation.
	www.biocarta.com /pathfiles/h_ranklPathway.asp (320 words)

	Bone Markers
		Bone is a living, growing tissue that turns over at a rate of about 10% a year.
		Bone formation happens faster than bone resorption until you reach your peak bone mass (maximum bone density and strength), around age 30.
		Bone loss is most rapid in women in the first few years after menopause but continues into the postmenopausal years.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/bone_markers/glance.html (277 words)

	Release of Intact and Fragmented Osteocalcin Molecules from Bone Matrix during Bone Resorption in Vitro -- Ivaska et ...
		Bone resorption was not disturbed when FBS in the culture medium was replaced by osteocalcin-depleted FBS.
		to the proteolytic microenvironment needed for bone degradation.
		inhibition of acidification in the resorption lacunae by BafA1
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/18/18361 (5247 words)

	Bisphosphonates: Effects on bone
		The biochemical markers of both bone resorption (N-telopeptide) and bone formation (Bone specific alkaline phosphatase) show dramatic decreases with the bisphosphonates.
		The best way to understand the effects of bisphosphonates on the bone is to watch these quicktime animations, and compare the end result of normal bone turnover, estrogen deficiency, and bisphosphonate administration.
		The animation is derived from measurements of the bone surfaces and tetracyline labelling.
	courses.washington.edu /bonephys/biseffects.html (660 words)

	Bone resorption assay (US5753450)
		The levels of the C-telopeptide are used as a marker of collagen degradation in an individual, and thus serve as a sensitive and specific indicator of bone resorption.
		Assays for the C-telopeptide find a variety of uses, including use in diagnosing metabolic bone disorders such as osteoporosis or postmenopausal rapid bone losers, monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic regimens designed to treat such disorders, determining the extent of imbalances between bone formation and resorption.
		Bone resorption assay based on a peptide liberated during collagen degradation
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US05753450__&language=en (447 words)

	Strontium Bone Maker 60 VC
		A trend toward increased volume of osteoid, the organic matrix of bone, was observed, although this was not associated with defects in bone mineralization.
		No effect on markers of bone resorption was observed, leading to the conclusion that strontium citrate, at the 1 gram daily dose, increased bone formation without decreasing bone resorption proportionally.
		This is underscored by earlier research on animals suggesting that increasing the intake of strontium via diet may demineralize bone when calcium is deficient.13 In rats with chronic kidney failure, strontium has been shown to cause osteomalacia, a condition in which bone is softened due to lack of mineral content.
	www.drbvitamins.com /nutritionalproducts_details.asp?id=44 (1154 words)

	Estrogen Plays a Role in Bone Resorption in Elderly Men
		All patients were treated with 2.5mg/d Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, throughout the study to prevent conversion of T to E. Bone resorption was assessed by measurement of urinary total deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) and N–telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx).
		Bone formation was assessed by serum osteocalcin (OC), amino–terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), and bone–specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP).
		With regard to bone resorption markers, urinary Dpd excretion increased in groups A (26%), B (9%), and C (22%), whereas no significant increase occurred in group D. Nearly identical trends were observed for NTx (35%, 9%, and 22% for Groups A, B and C).
	www.hopkins-arthritis.som.jhmi.edu /news-archive/2001/estrogen_men.html (492 words)

	HIV and AIDS - Bone Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		These include the failure to achieve an optimal bone mass by age 30, acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism, the presence of a malignancy, cigarette smoking, and the use of glucocorticoids.
		Bone fractures of femoral neck, proximal humerus, proximal tibia, and pelvis
		Decreased bone formation and enhanced resorptive markers in human immunodeficiency virus infection: indication of normalization of the bone-remodeling process during highly active antiretroviral therapy.
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /hiv_and_aids/bone_disorders/osteopenia.html (1800 words)

	Histomorphometric Evidence for Echistatin Inhibition of Bone Resorption in Mice with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism -- ...
		to osteoclasts and for inhibition of bone resorption in vivo,
		Teitelbaum SL 1993 Bone remodeling and the osteoclast.
		Davies J, Warwick J, Totty N, Philp R, Horton M 1989 The osteoclast functional antigen, implicated in the regulation of bone resorption, is biochemically related to the vitronectin receptor.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/139/3/1401 (5712 words)

	Leptin regulation of bone resorption by the sympathetic nervous system and CART : Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Bone remodelling, the mechanism by which vertebrates regulate bone mass, comprises two phases, namely resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts; osteoblasts are multifunctional cells also controlling osteoclast differentiation.
		That bone resorption cannot increase in gonadectomized Adrb2-deficient mice highlights the biological importance of this regulation, but also contrasts sharply with the increase in bone resorption characterizing another hypogonadic mouse with low sympathetic tone, the ob/ob mouse
		Our study establishes that leptin-regulated neural pathways control both aspects of bone remodelling, and demonstrates that integrity of sympathetic signalling is necessary for the increase in bone resorption caused by gonadal failure.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v434/n7032/abs/nature03398.html;jsessionid=DE8C57500DD3449A765F87D033DC8668 (392 words)

	Bone multicellular units - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		alter the normal sequence of bone remodeling as described in the previous chapter;
		- in adult, bone removed by a BMU is not 100% restored, and small amount of bone is permanently lost;
		- decreased capacity of osteoblasts to reform "missing" bone although resorption may be normal;
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/bone_multicellular_units (624 words)

	Soy protein reduces bone resorption.
		A total of 71 women were divided in two groups: the soy protein group (received soy protein as protein source) and the dairy group (received milk based protein).
		The obtained results indicate that soy protein may have a positive effect on bone health, particularly in women who are not on hormone replacement therapy.
		Soy protein appeared to decrease bone loss by suppressing bone resorption and enhancing the rate of bone formation.
	www.soya.be /bone-resorption.php (558 words)

	Chondroitin sulfate as a marker of bone resorption (US5869273)
		Knowledge of increased bone resorption rates is useful in diagnosis of bone disorders such as osteoporosis.
		thereby determining the presence or absence of bone resorption.
		Seibel et al., 1993 "Urinary Hydroxypyridinium Crosslinks of Collagen as Markers of Bone Resorption and Estrogen Efficacy in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis", Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 8:881-888.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US05869273__&language=en (531 words)

	Increased formation and decreased resorption of bone in mice with elevated vitamin D receptor in mature cells of the ...
		Increased formation and decreased resorption of bone in mice with elevated vitamin D receptor in mature cells of the osteoblastic lineage -- GARDINER et al.
		Increased formation and decreased resorption of bone in mice with elevated vitamin D receptor in mature cells of the osteoblastic lineage
		The microarchitecture of bone is regulated by complex interactions between
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/abstract/14/13/1908 (538 words)

	Amylin inhibits bone resorption while the calcitonin receptor controls bone formation in vivo -- Dacquin et al. 164 ...
		Amylin inhibits bone resorption while the calcitonin receptor controls bone formation in vivo -- Dacquin et al.
		bone mass due to an increase in bone resorption, whereas bone
		Thus, amylin is a physiological regulator of bone resorption
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/164/4/509 (616 words)

	Effect of MALP-2, a Lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans, on Bone Resorption In Vitro -- Piec et al. 67 (12): 6281 -- ...
		Effect of MALP-2, a Lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans, on Bone Resorption In Vitro -- Piec et al.
		Effect of MALP-2, a Lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans, on Bone Resorption In Vitro
		bone resorption in murine calvaria cultures, with a maximal effect
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/67/12/6281 (355 words)

	Bone Resorption : Clinician Info \| Metametrix Clinical Laboratory
		The bone resorption assay measures cross-linked peptide sequences of Type I collagen that makes up the bone matrix excreted in urine.
		By measuring deoxy-pyridinoline in the urine, our test can help identify accelerated bone breakdown and predict the probability of bone loss without therapy.
		The Bone Resorption Profile can also help monitor whether therapy is working and measure a patient's response to therapy within three months.
	www.metametrix.com /testserv/default.asp?PageID=5&TabID=33 (241 words)

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