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	Pope Boniface IX - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Boniface IX, né Piero Tomacelli (1356 – October 1, 1404), was the second Roman pope of the Western Schism, (November 2, 1389 - October 1, 1404).
		Boniface saw to it that Ladislas was crowned King of Naples at Gaeta May 29, 1390) and worked with him for the next decade to expel the Angevin forces from southern Italy.
		Boniface was a frank politician, strapped for cash like the other princes of Europe, as the costs of modern warfare rose and supporters needed to be encouraged by gifts, for 14th century government depended upon such personal support as a temporal ruler could gather and retain.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX (1095 words)

	Pope Boniface IX
		Pope Boniface IX Elected at Rome, 2 November, 1389, as successor of the Roman Pope, Urban VI; d.
		Boniface took up the cause of the youthful Ladislaus, heir of Charles III of Naples and Margaret of Durazzo, had him crowned King of Naples at Gaeta (29 May, 1390), and for the next decade aided him efficiently to expel the Angevin forces from Italy.
		Boniface was the first pope to introduce the form of revenue known as annates perpetuæ, or reservation of one-half the first year's fruits of every benefice granted in the Roman Court, this in addition to other traditional expenses.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/boniface_ix,pope.html (1160 words)

	Boniface IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Boniface IX Boniface IX Boniface IX, né Piero Tomacelli (ca 1350 - October 1, 1404), pope (November 2, 1389 - October 1, 1404),During his time the antipope Clement V continued to hold state as pope in Avignon under theprotection of the French monarchy.
		Boniface saw to itthat Ladislas was crowned King of Naples (at Gaeta May 29, 1390) and worked with him for the next decade to expel the Angevin forces from southern Italy.
		Boniface IX was a frank politician, strapped for cash like the other princes of Europe, as the costs of modern warfare roseand supporters needed to be encouraged by gifts, for 14th century government depended upon such personal support as a temporalruler could gather and retain.
	www.therfcc.org /boniface-ix-341024.html (949 words)

	Pope Boniface IX -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Boniface IX, né Piero Tomacelli (1356 - October 1, 1404), was the second Roman (The head of the Roman Catholic Church) pope of the (Click link for more info and facts about Western Schism) Western Schism, (November 2, 1389 - October 1, 1404).
		Boniface saw to it that Ladislas was crowned (Click link for more info and facts about King of Naples) King of Naples at Gaeta May 29, 1390) and worked with him for the next decade to expel the (A resident of Anjou) Angevin forces from southern Italy.
		During the reign of Boniface two (A special anniversary (or the celebration of it)) jubilees were celebrated at Rome.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_boniface_ix1.htm (849 words)

	Boniface Internet Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Boniface VI — Son of the Bishop of Adrian — elected 896.
		The struggle was renewed after new troubles, and Boniface issued Ausculta fili (1301) and Unam sanctam (1302), the latter being an extreme statement regarding the duty of princes to be subject to the pope.
		Hugh Boniface wrote in 1984 that the name Boniface as a surname is likely to have developed from the Saint's name given as a Christian name which later became a surname in the 12th or 13th century.
	www.boniface.surnameroundup.com /bonorigins.html (2415 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Boniface, Saint Boniface, Saintbŏn´Ĭfes, -fās, c.675-754?, English missionary monk and martyr, called the Apostle of Germany, b.
		Boniface IX Boniface IX, c.1345-1404, pope (1389-1404), a Neapolitan named Pietro Tomacelli; successor of Urban VI.
		During Philip's conflict with Pope Boniface VIII concerning papal authority, Nogaret was prominent in denouncing the pope.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Boniface (473 words)

	[No title]
		BONIFACE I 418 - 422 After the death of Pope Zosimus, the Archdeacon Eulalius at the head of a mob of clerics and laymen seized the Lateran Basilica and prevented the rest of the priests from entering and holding the election of the pope according to custom.
		Boniface, a Roman of high character, was consecrated in the Church of St. Marcellus, while Fulalius was consecrated in the Lateran.
		Boniface, though a Roman himself, was the son of Sigisbald, a fact of some interest because it is the first German name connected with a pope.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHRIST/POPES.TXT (22289 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BONIFACE IX. (PIETRO TOMACELLI): (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At the request of the latter, Boniface issued a bull in which he ordered the senators, the conservators, and all other functionaries of the city of Rome to protect the Jews from every kind of drudgery, overreaching, and violence, under the penalty of excommunication and a fine of 1,000 gold florins.
		Boniface showed especial favor to the Jewish physicians Angelo di Manuele and Solomone de Sabalduchio of Perugia.
		July 1, 1392, Boniface appointed Angelo his "familiaris" and physician, and confirmed, by a bull issued April, 1399, the special diplomas of Roman citizenship delivered by the Senate to Angelo and his father.
	jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1302&letter=B (293 words)

	Orsini (Catholic Encyclopedia) - BibleWiki
		During the conflict between Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair of France, it was Cardinal Matteo who, having remained faithful to the persecuted pontiff, brought Boniface back to Rome after the attack of Anagni (1303).
		After a thorough and comprehensive training, he became Auditor of the Rota, and in February, 1400, was raised by Boniface IX to the Archiepiscopal See of Naples.
		In 1572 he was sent by Gregory XIII as legate to Charles IX of France, principally to support this monarch in his conflict with the Huguenots.
	bible.tmtm.com /wiki/Orsini_%28Catholic_Encyclopedia%29 (3696 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Boniface IX
		Angevin is the name applied to three distinct medieval dynasties which originated as counts (from 1360, dukes) of the western French province of Anjou (of which angevin is the adjectival form), but later came to rule far greater areas including England, Hungary and Poland (see Angevin Empire).
		In the history of Christianity, the Conciliar movement or Conciliarism was a reform movement in the 14th and 15th century Catholic Church that held that final authority in spiritual matters resided with a general church council, not with the pope.
		Events Korean founder of the Joseon Dynasty General Yi Seonggye leads a coup détat, overthrowing the kingdom of Goryeo and founding the kingdom of Joseon Afyonkarahisar in western Turkey is conquered by Sultan Beyazid I Louis de Valois is created the 1st Duke of Orléans, the second time...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Boniface-IX (3611 words)

	January 26, 1999 THE HISTORY OF THE MASS AND HOLY MOTHER CHURCH: (jan26his.htm)
		Boniface sought to correct the errors of Urban, eliminating any nepotism within the Vatican and assuaging Italian fears by reinforcing the Papal States which over a ten year period would totally drive the Clementines from the Italian and Sicilian shores.
		Boniface was an expert mediator and was able to bring peace to Northern Italy, no small feat considering the circumstances and political intrigue in those regions.
		Boniface tried, but because of his zeal he ran afoul; not because he was devious or immoral, but rather so concerned for the people and so dead-set against the schism that he became a fool who rushed in where angels feared to tread.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/99Jan/jan26his.htm (1236 words)

	BONIFACE IX
		BONIFACE IX The great western schism was not a schism in the ordinary sense that people revolted from the pope.
		Boniface IX was a Neapolitan of poor but noble birth.
		In the political sphere Boniface won a victory over Clement VII when Ladislaus, his candidate for the throne of Naples, ousted Louis of Anjou, the favorite of the Avignon claimant.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp201.htm (443 words)

	Part Three: Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair
		Boniface VIII (1294-1303) was 80 years at his election, but vigorous in intelligence and will.
		Boniface expressed a desire to visit Philip, but offended him by asking a loan of 100,000 pounds.
		Boniface then issued a bull charging the king with high-handed treatment of the clergy and plundering church property.
	www.trinityrcus.com /Sunday%20School/reformationhistory/Bohemia/Bohemia03.htm (1750 words)

	Late Middle Ages - Pope Boniface IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Boniface IX Boniface IX Second Roman pope of the Schism, Piero Tommasino was elected at Rome in late 1389.
		Being of the Roman faction, Boniface naturally opposed the French generally and the Angevins specifically, since they were in southern Italy.
		In Rome, Boniface IX was succeeded by Innocent VII (1404-1406) and then by Gregory XII (1406-1415).
	history.boisestate.edu /hy309/papacy/bonifaceix.html (559 words)

	Boniface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bon'iface, the name of nine popes, of whom only three are conspicuous in history.
		BONIFACE II (530-532) was the first pope to assume the title of Universal Bishop of Christendom.
		BONIFACE VIII (1294-1303), Bendetto Gaetano, born at Anagni, was the greatest pope of the name.
	www.factopia.com /practical-reference/boniface.htm (146 words)

	Boniface VI -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Boniface either died of gout or was murdered by Stephen VI, who became the next pope.
		A central figure during a dark period in papal history (896–898) revolving around the death of Pope Formosus, Boniface was denounced at a Roman council held by Pope John IX in 898.
		The papacy of Boniface VIII (1294–1303) came at an unfortunate time when the nation-states of Europe, particularly France and England, were emerging as powerful political forces.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9080608?tocId=9080608 (679 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Boniface IX
		Following the death of Clement, a new Avignon anti-pope, Benedict XIII, was elected, and the conflict continued the rest of Boniface's reign.
		In 1403 Boniface recgonized the deposition of King Wenceslaus and his replacement by Rupert of Bavaria.
		Complaints of Boniface selling benefices and dispensations have come down to us, but these are disputed, and are generally reported by personal opponents of the pope.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0203.htm (295 words)

	Bartholomites (Catholic Encyclopedia) - BibleWiki
		The superiors-general were at first elected for life, but in 1474 Pope Sixtus IV caused them to be voted for every three years.
		Boniface IX granted the congregation the privileges of the Order of St. Dominic and Innocent VIII and Paul III ratified the same; nevertheless the Bartholomites were prohibited from joining any other religious order except that of the Carthusians.
		Durazzo, their first cardinal protector, was appointed by Urban VIII in 1640, but they did not long enjoy this signal advantage.
	bible.tmtm.com /wiki/Bartholomites_%28Catholic_Encyclopedia%29 (390 words)

	14th Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He made a rapproachment with Philip IV and partially rehabilitated the Colonna cardinals whom Boniface VIII had excommunicated.
		Boniface called and celebrated the Holy Year of 1400.
		A behavior of Boniface was very questionable: he used to sell ecclesiastical indulgences and benefits at highest prices to get large sums of money.
	www.italycyberguide.com /History/popes/14th.htm (566 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Boniface IX
		Boniface IX (circa 1355-1404), pope (1389-1404), who strengthened the Papal States and prepared them for the role they were to play in 15th-century...
		The title of Pope is given to the bishop of Rome who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.
		Boniface, Saint (circa 675-754), English Benedictine missionary, known as the Apostle of Germany.
	encarta.msn.com /Boniface_IX.html (120 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The second Roman pope of the Western Schism, Boniface IX was born Pietro Tomacelli in Naples c.
		Boniface refused to convoke a council to end the schism, and when Anti-pope Benedict XIII sent envoys to Rome in 1404, Boniface refused to receive them as equals.
		When Boniface died shortly after their arrival, the Romans took the envoys hostage and received a large ransom for them.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/bonifaceix.html (179 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The FOURTEENTH Century 1389-1400 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		POPE URBAN VI Boniface IX is elected Pope.
		Boniface IX was a Neopolitan of poor but noble birth.
		Anti-Pope Clement VII sent Geoffrey De Charny a letter permitting the continuance of the exposition of the Holy Shroud, with one catch, Geoffrey was to state the cloth was a Figure of Representation.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/1389.html (921 words)

	Pope Benedict XIII - Wikipedia
		Pedro de Luna, antipope, a Spaniard, who was chosen by the French cardinals on the death of Clement VII in 1394.
		On the death of Urban V in 1389 the Italian cardinals had chosen Boniface IX; the election of Benedict therefore perpetuated the Great Schism.
		The greater portion of the church refused to recognze him, and in 1397 the French church, which had supported him, withdrew from allegiance to both popes, and in 1398 Benedict was imprisoned in his own palace at Avignon.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIII (216 words)

	Pope Innocent VII - Biocrawler definition:Pope Innocent VII - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His teacher Lignano sponsored him at Rome, where Urban VI took him into the Curia, sent him for ten years as papal collector to England, made him bishop of Bologna in 1386 and archbishop of Ravenna in 1387.
		Boniface IX made him cardinal, and employed him as legate in several delicate and important missions.
		When Boniface died, there were present in Rome delegates from the rival pope at Avignon, Benedict XIII.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Pope_Innocent_VII (900 words)

	Pope Boniface IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pope Boniface IX Set home page · Bookmark site · Add search
		Pope Boniface IX Boniface IX, né Piero Tomacelli (ca 1350 - October 1, 1404), pope (November 2, 1389 - October 1, 1404), During his time the antipope Clement V continued to hold state as pope in Avignon under the protection of the French monarchy.
		In the course of his reign Boniface finally extinguished the troublesome independence of the commune of Rome and established temporal control, though it required fortifying not only the Castle Sant' Angelo, but the very bridges, and for long seasons he was forced to reside in more peaceful surroundings, at Assisi or Perugia.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_boniface_ix (1062 words)

	Leo XIII and the Jubilee Year
		It is commonly understood that Pope Boniface VIII instituted the first Christian Jubilee in the year 1300.
		Boniface, you may recall, was indicted by the Church itself for notorious skepticism, vice, and defense of vice.
		There was another Jubilee Year in 1350, under Clement VI, then in 1390, under Boniface IX — already the interval had been shortened to 40 years — and again in 1423, under Martin V — so soon after, presumably, because Jesus lived only 33 years.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/1222almanac.htm (665 words)

	[No title]
		Edward3 Boniface (John2, John1) was born 1618, and died 1670 in Barnham, Sussex, ENG..
		Henry4 Boniface, born 1647 in Walberton, Sussex, ENG.; died 1647 in Walberton, Sussex, ENG..
		John4 Boniface (Edward3, John2, John1) was born 1649 in Walberton, Sussex, ENG., and died Aft.
	www.genealogy.com /users/k/e/n/Patricia-R-Kent/FILE/0027text.txt (731 words)

	Coins Of The Medieval Papal State
		There are coins of all the popes from John XXII to Pius IX.
		The popes, and also the Senate when it coined money, appear to have used the imperial mint of Rome, which was on the slope of the Campidoglio, not far from the Arch of Septimius Severus; but, in the fifteenth century, the mint was near the bank of Santo Spirito.
		Bernini invented for it a machine to do the work more rapidly, and Francesco Girardini furnished a very sensitive balance; so that the mint of Rome was technically the most perfect one of those times.
	medievalcoins.ancients.info /Papal_State.htm (1927 words)

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