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Topic: Boniface VIII

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	Pope Boniface VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(One of Boniface's first acts as pontiff was to imprison his predecessor in the castle of Fumone, where he died at the age of 91, attended by two monks of his order.) In 1300 Boniface instituted the jubilees, which afterwards became a source of both profit and scandal to the church.
		Boniface VIII put forward some of the strongest claims to temporal as well as spiritual supremacy of any Pope and meddled incessantly in foreign affairs.
		Boniface was released from capitivity after three days, however, despite his fortitude died of shock a month later, on October 11, 1303.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pope_Boniface_VIII (475 words)

	Saint Boniface - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 723, Boniface felled the holy oak tree dedicated to Thor near the present-day town of Fritzlar in northern Hesse.
		Boniface balanced this support and attempted to maintain some independence, however, by attaining the support of the papacy and of the Agilolfing rulers of Bavaria.
		Saint Boniface is a francophone district of Winnipeg, Manitoba.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saint_Boniface (871 words)

	Boniface VIII. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Boniface was elected on Celestine’s abdication, and during his first years he was opposed by those who had suffered from Celestine’s retirement—the Neapolitans, the Colonna family, and the extreme Franciscans, among them Jacopone da Todi.
		Boniface’s contest with Philip IV of France was the principal feature of his career.
		In 1310 he forced Clement V to begin a process to determine that Boniface was heretical; that accusation was abandoned, but Clement consented to repudiate such of Boniface’s acts as had hurt Philip.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bo/Bonifc8.html (470 words)

	BONIFACE VIII - Historicist.com The Protestant Interpretation of Biblical Prophecy. The Historical Alternative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Benedict (who took the name of Boniface VIII) is said to have been very learned, especially in matters at law; but his pride and ambition led him into attempts which ended in his own ruin, and did serious harm to the papacy.
		It is said that Boniface appeared one day in the robes of a pope, and next day in those of an emperor, with a sword in his hand, and that he declared to some ambassadors that he was both pope and emperor.
		Boniface heard the forcing of the doors which were between them and the room in which he was, and as one door after another gave way with a crash, he declared himself resolved to die as became a pope.
	www.historicist.com /churchhistory/2chap16.htm (1332 words)

	Pope Boniface VIII : Boniface VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Boniface VIII was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303.
		Boniface VIII meddled incessantly in foreign affairs, and put forward the strongest claims to temporal as well as spiritual supremacy.
		Dante portrayed Boniface VIII as being in the Inferno in his Divine Comedy.
	www.termsdefined.net /bo/boniface-viii.html (436 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Boniface VIII
		Boniface VIII, therefore, before leaving Naples, ordered Celestine V to be taken to Rome in the custody of the Abbot of Monte Cassino.
		Boniface now withdrew from Rome to Orvieto, where, on the 4th of September, 1297, he declared war and entrusted the command of the pontifical troops to Landolfo Colonna, a brother of Jacopo.
		Isarnus, Archpriest of Carcassonne, was commissioned (1295) by Boniface to threaten the king with spiritual penalties, unless the archbishop were freed, pending the investigation of the matter at Rome, whither the king was invited to send representatives.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02662a.htm (9059 words)

	Pope Boniface VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Boniface's given name was either Benedict Cajetan or Benedetto Caetani.
		(One of Boniface's first acts as pontiff was to imprison his predecessor in the castle of Fumone, where he died at the age of 81, attended by two monks of his order.) In 1300 Boniface instituted the jubilees, which afterwards became a source of both profit and scandal to the church.
		King Philip IV of France initiated a process against the memory of pope Boniface VIII in 1310.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII (673 words)

	Popes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Boniface was a fiery old man, a canon lawyer and a veteran in the papal service.
		To stir up hatred against Boniface, Philip stooped to circulating a forged bull in which the pope was made to claim that he ruled France as a political overlord.
		Boniface issued a bull warning Philip and summoned the French bishops to meet in Rome in 1302 to discuss ways and means for bringing the king to his senses.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/popes/bonifac8.html (543 words)

	Biography – Pope Boniface VIII – The Papal Library
		At the conclusion of a peace between Charles II of Naples and the King of Aragon, Charles swore fidelity to Pope Boniface in the Church of Saint Sabina.
		Boniface, perceiving that some princes oppressed the clergy with imposts, published, on the 21st of September, 1296, a bull, which he caused to be inserted in the sixth book the Decretals, to remedy that evil.
		Boniface, being at Orvieto on the 11th of August, 1297, canonized Louis IX, King of France, who died at Tunis on the 25th of August, 1270.
	www.saint-mike.org /library/Papal_Library/BonifaceVIII/Biography.html (1560 words)

	Cultural Catholic - Pope Boniface VIII
		Pope Boniface VIII gained the reputation of being prone to outbursts of impatience and was consumed by the acquisition of wealth and power for his family and for himself.
		Pope Boniface VIII proclaimed 1300 a year of Jubilee (the first Holy Year) and granted plenary indulgences (the remission of temporal punishment in Purgatory) to the tens of thousands of pilgrims to Rome.
		On Oct. 11 or 12, 1303, Pope Boniface VIII, tired of the constant turmoil in his papacy, died a broken man and was buried in a crypt in Saint Peter’s Basilica.
	www.culturalcatholic.com /PopeBonifaceVIII.htm (739 words)

	Pope Boniface VIII -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In his (Uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle) Bull of 1302, (Click link for more info and facts about Unam Sanctam) Unam Sanctam, Boniface proclaimed that it "is necessary for salvation that every living creature be under submission to the Roman pontiff", pushing papal supremacy to its historical extreme.
		Boniface's quarrel with (Click link for more info and facts about Philip the Fair) Philip the Fair became so resentful that he (Click link for more info and facts about excommunicated) excommunicated him in 1303.
		Boniface VIII was buried in (Click link for more info and facts about St. Peter's Basilica) St.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_boniface_viii3.htm (294 words)

	Stendhal + Boniface VIII
		Boniface quarreled with Emperor Albert I of Habsburg, and with the Colonnas family.
		Boniface excommunicated Philip (1303), with whom he was arguing over levying taxes on the clergy.
		The signal achievement of Boniface VIII was instituting Jubilees in 1300, which attracted many pilgrims to Rome and much cash to Rome's coffers.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0123almanac.htm (598 words)

	The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. II: Basilica - Chambers (boniface) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Boniface died Sept. 4, 422, and is reckoned among the saints of the Roman Catholic Church.
		Boniface also intervened in the strife between the Blacks and Whites of Florence, in favor of the former, and sent a legate to Tuscany.
		Boniface took a lofty tone with Albert, summoning him to appear within six months and submit his claims to the throne, since it belonged to the pope to examine the person chosen king of the Romans, and reject him if unsuitable.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc02.boniface.html (4745 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Boniface VIII
		To prevent a schism, Boniface kept Celestine imprisoned for the rest of his life.
		Boniface's 9 years were a time of crisis in Europe, and he was no statesman.
		In 1310 he forced Clement V to start an investigation to determine if Boniface was a heretic.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0193.htm (362 words)

	Pope Boniface VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was regarded as a man of great ability, and was elected in 1294 after Celestine V was persuaded to resign.
		After three days' captivity he was released by the town's people, but the agitation he had undergone caused his death soon after, on October 11, 1303.
		In 1300 Boniface instituted the jubilees, which afterwards became such a source of profit and of scandal to the church.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_boniface_viii (314 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The wishes of Pope Boniface VIII were to maintain peace in Europe and to free the Holy Land from the Turks.
		Boniface was then elected to the see of Rome and his reign was characterized by conflict with Philip IV of France.
		In 1302, Philip demanded that Boniface resign because his birth was illegitimate; because he was a heretic; and because he had engaged in sexual misconduct.
	www2.evansville.edu /ECOLEWEB/glossary/bonifaceviii.html (204 words)

	GUILLAUME DE NOGARET - LoveToKnow Article on GUILLAUME DE NOGARET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1300 he was sent with an embassy to Boniface, of which he has left a picturesque but highly colored account.
		On the 9th a concerted rising of the townsmen in Bonifaces favor put Nogaret and his allies to flight, and the pope was free.
		Nogaret replied by apologies for his conduct based upon attacks upon the memory of Boniface, and when Benedict died on the 7th of July 1304 he pointed to his death as a witncss to the justice of his cause.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NO/NOGARET_GUILLAUME_DE.htm (787 words)

	Additional Reading (from Boniface VIII) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Boniface's correspondence and promulgations may be studied in Les Registres de Boniface VIII, ed.
		Boniface set the church in Germany on a firm course of undeviating piety and irreproachable conduct.
		The papacy of Boniface VIII (1294–1303) came at an unfortunate time when the nation-states of Europe, particularly France and England, were emerging as powerful political forces.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-8313?tocId=8313 (815 words)

	Dr. Vess's World Civilization Virtual Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Boniface VIII and the Decline of the Papacy
		Be able to discuss the conflict between Boniface and Philip IV (the Fair).
		The trial of Bishop Bernard Saisset in France Boniface and the Jubilee of 1300 reissuing of the doctrine of Clericos Laicos Boniface declared a heretic 1302 -- the papal bull Unam Sanctam Philip excommunicated Philip's response: "Your weapons are theory; mine are fact." the capture of Boniface VIII V.
	www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu /~dvess/bonif.htm (237 words)

	Unam Sanctam "Problem" Resolved (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Boniface protested in December 1301 with the Bull Ausculta Fili (which means "Give ear, my son") and accused Philip of subverting the whole state of the Church in France.
		At the end of 1301, Boniface commanded the French bishops to attend a council to be held November 1302 in Rome to consider the badly needed reform of the French Church.
		Boniface VIII gave it precise expression in opposing the procedure of the French king.
	members.aol.com /philvaz/debates/debate9.htm (7290 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Boniface IV
		Boniface obtained leave from the Emperor Phocas to convert the Pantheon into a Christian Church, and on 13 May, 609 (?) the temple erected by Agrippa to Jupiter the Avenger, to Venus, and to Mars was consecrated by the pope to the Virgin Mary and all the Martyrs.
		During the pontificate of Boniface, Mellitus, the first Bishop of London, went to Rome "to consult the pope on important matters relative to the newly established English Church" (Bede, H. E., II, iv).
		But the letter of the impetuous Celt, who failed to grasp the import of the theological problem involved in the "Three Chapters", seems not to have disturbed in the least his relation with the Holy See, and it would be wrong to suppose that Columban regarded himself as independent of the pope's authority.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02660c.htm (603 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A doctor's son from L'Aquila, Pope/Saint Boniface IV was deacon and treasurer to St.
		Boniface was elected pope in late 607 but was not enthroned until September, 608, when his election was confirmed by Emperor Phocas.
		Boniface died in 615, and his cult began during the reign of Boniface VIII.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/bonifaceiv.html (140 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Boniface VIII
		Boniface VIII (1235?-1303), pope (1294-1303), who upheld the absolute power of the papacy.
		As part of his conflict with King Philip IV of France, Pope Boniface VIII issued this papal bull, or document, in which he declares the supremacy...
		The title of Pope is given to the bishop of Rome who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.
	encarta.msn.com /Boniface_VIII.html (144 words)

	philipboniface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the fourteenth century, Pope Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France clashed over two basic issues, both crucial to the ability of the Church to have an independent voice in France.
		However, Boniface thought the church should be exempt...as the power to tax was the power to destroy.
		As we discussed in lecture, Philip's intimidation of Boniface, as well as political turmoil in Rome, was one of the largest reasons that his successor, Clement V, moved his church to Avignon, France.
	www.d.umn.edu /~aroos/philipboniface.html (890 words)

	Hist of Christ'n Church 6 (ii.ii.ii) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Born at Anagni, Boniface probably studied canon law, in which he was an expert, in Rome.
		In an address at a council in Paris, assembled to arrange for a new crusade, he reminded the mendicant monks that he and they were called not to court glory or learning, but to secure the salvation of their souls.
		Boniface’s election as pope occurred at Castel Nuovo, near Naples, Dec. 24, 1294, the conclave having convened the day before.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc6.ii.ii.ii.html (1700 words)

	History Today: Boniface VIII's bull Unam Sanctam. (Months Past).@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		CARDINAL BENEDICT Gaetani, a canon lawyer and diplomat from a leading Roman family who had spent many years working his way up in the papal government, was chosen pope in 1294 to replace the elderly Celestine V, a saintly former hermit who found himself totally out of his depth.
		Boniface, who had encouraged Celestine to resign, locked the old man away in a castle, where he died before long.
		The new pope quickly found himself in conflict with Philip IV (the Fair) of France and Edward I of England.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:94226910&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (176 words)

	Pope Boniface IV - SmartyBrain Encyclopedia and Dictionary
		Boniface IV was pope from 608 to 615.
		Boniface previously was a monk, and promoted monasticism as Pope.
		Mellitus, first bishop of London was present at a synod held by Boniface in 610.
	smartybrain.com /index.php/Pope_Boniface_IV (139 words)

	Pope Boniface VIII - Wikipedia
		Boniface VIII, pope (1294-1303), born Benedict Cajetan, a man of great ability, was elected in 1294, Celestine V having been persuaded to resign.
		He meddled incessantly in foreign affairs, and put forward the strongest claims to temporal as well as spiritual supremacy.
		After three days' captivity he was resued by the town's people, but the agitation he had undergone caused his death soon after, on the 11th October 1303.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII (199 words)

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