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	Bonus Army
		The veterans had been promised a bonus in 1924 to compensate them for wages lost during their service in the army, but this bonus was not to be paid until 1945.
		Initially the veterans responded favorably to the terms of the bonus as it was the first time government assistance was available to all veterans and was not qualified as to whether or not they were disabled, indigent, or had served in combat.
		The bonus marchers became highly symbolic of the federal government's responsibility for the prosperity of the American worker.
	www.rpadden.com /bonus/bonus_army_dagvin_r.htm (980 words)

	Walker Books: The Bonus Army
		Among the Bonus Army’s early arrivals in Washington were veterans from Chattanooga, Tennessee, who drive past the White House on May 18.
		Edgar Hoover, as he appeared at the time of the Bonus Army, was director of the Justice Department’s Bureau of Investigation– forerunner of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which he would head for 48 years.
		Bonus Army leader Walter W. Waters, in his officer-style uniform, leads 5,000 veterans who gathered at the Capitol on July 2 to protest the decision to adjourn Congress without taking action on the bonus bill.
	www.thebonusarmy.com /gallery.html (710 words)

	Untitled Document
		During the time that Congress was in session and the members of the "bonus Army" were justifying their presence on the grounds that they desired to petition Congress for a redress of alleged grievances there was a natural disposition to show, extreme consideration to these men.
		A paradox of the bonus army is the virulence of their curses at both the bankers and the Communists.
		Indictments charging three "bonus marchers" with assault to kill and assault with a dangerous weapon were reported by the District of Columbia grand jury today at the end of a two week's investigation into the rioting of July 28.
	marchand.ucdavis.edu /lessons/bonusarmy/bonus_army.html (10721 words)

	The Bonus Army: An American Epic Army Lawyer - Find Articles
		The Bonus Army consisted of World War I veterans, many of whom were accompanied by their family members.
		The Bonus Army later declared that they would not leave Washington D.C. until legislation was passed granting them an immediate payment of their bonus.
		The authors present the history of the bonus bill and the Bonus Army in a chronological fashion that is easy to follow.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m6052/is_2005_Sept/ai_n15923101 (894 words)

	Army Times - Bonus payments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Initial payment of the bonus is made upon satisfactory completion of initial active duty training, including specialty training or sufficient training to be deployable.
		A bonus recipient who does not participate satisfactorily in National Guard or reserve training is required to repay the bonus received during the unsatisfactory interval.
		Anyone who takes a bonus and fails to attend drills or annual training may be required to pay back all or part of the bonus received during the time they were absent.
	www.armytimes.com /story.php?f=1-292320-267112.php (630 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Aviation History \| A Promise Denied: The Bonus Expeditionary Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1932 World War I veterans seeking a bonus promised by Congress were attacked and driven out of Washington, D.C., by troops of the U.S. Army under the command of Douglas MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton.
		Army Chief of Staff and Major General Douglas MacArthur watched a brigade of steel-helmeted soldiers precisely align themselves in a straight four-column phalanx, bayonets affixed to rifles.
		Known as Bonus Marchers, they came in desperation from all across the nation, hopping freight trains, driving dilapidated jalopies or hitchhiking, intent on pressuring Congress to pass the legislation.
	www.thehistorynet.com /ahi/bl_bonus_march (1657 words)

	Bonus Army March in Washington
		Hoover feared that the country was on the verge of descending into mob rule and that an assortment of radicals was in the forefront of the movement.
		Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur was in command, assisted by Dwight D. Eisenhower, George S. Patton Jr.
		Memorabilia related to Bonus Army March in Washington is at auction on eBay.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1513.html (717 words)

	Owing a Debt to WWI's "Bonus Army" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When a smaller Bonus Army returned to Washington in 1933 and 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, like the four presidents preceding him, led the opposition to the bonus.
		In late 1934, the last remnants of the Bonus Army had been sent off to "veterans' rehabilitation camps," where they worked for a dollar a day.
		The legacy of the Bonus Army veterans is that they raised the bar for all veterans who came after them.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,111104_BonusArmy,00.html (1037 words)

	USATODAY.com - Military offering more, and bigger, bonuses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Most of the 150,000 troops in Iraq are from the Army, which has roughly 1 million troops in its active-duty, reserve and National Guard units and has borne the largest share of fighting in the global war on terrorism.
		For example, an Army specialist with three to four years of experience who is in a combat zone and who has a young family typically receives a salary of about $36,000.
		Dan Christman, a retired Army lieutenant general and the former superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy, says military personnel are underpaid, given their skills and the risks they face.
	www.usatoday.com /news/washington/2005-02-20-military-bonuses_x.htm (1113 words)

	The Sad Tale of the Bonus Marchers
		This early redemption capability came to be referred to by members of Congress and veterans groups as a bonus, and during the early months of 1932 the bonus was a topic of ongoing discussion in the legislature.
		Throughout July the veterans, known as the Bonus Expeditionary Force, continued to hold marches and rallies despite the fact that they were receiving ultimatums to leave, with the White House proposing use of troops to force an evacuation.
		A footnote: The break-up of the Bonus Army in Washington was conducted by Army Chief of Staff and World War I veteran Douglas MacArthur, assisted by Majors George Patton and Dwight Eisenhower.
	www.worldwar1.com /dbc/bonusm.htm (922 words)

	Team Dispatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A gathering of the Bonus Army became agitated, due to their situation and began a small riot.
		Armed with gas masks and bayonets, the army began to burn down the tents and huts, the marchers only homes, and used tear gas to hold the men at bay.
		The Bonus Army, a group of veterans, led a peaceful effort to try and alleviate the suffering for themselves and those around them.
	www.ustrek.org /odyssey/semester2/022101/022101teambonus.html (1219 words)

	Book Review: The Bonus Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The military force, accompanied by Army Chief of Staff General Douglas MacArthur, routed the veterans from their camps near the Capitol and then crossed the Anacostia River (apparently against the President's instructions) and cleared the camp on Anacostia Flats, which was torched.
		FDR noted in his opposition to the early payment of the bonus that veterans made up 1% of the population and consumed 24% of the federal budget.
		Their goal of using the Bonus Army as a prism for the Great Depression, however, is only a qualified success.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,021105_Bonus_Army,00.html (940 words)

	Army.com - Army raises enlistment age, doubles cash enlistment bonuses
		Raising the maximum age for active Army enlistment expands the recruiting pool, provides motivated individuals an opportunity to serve, and strengthens the readiness of Army units.
		The Army can now offer qualified recruits who select a high-priority MOS and enlist in the active Army for four or more years up to $40,000 in combined enlistment bonus incentives.
		The maximum combination of cash bonuses for an active Army enlistment of three years is $10,000, except for a few MOS that may qualify for up to $40,000.
	www.army.com /articles/0206/age-bonuses.html (451 words)

	The Bonus Army
		They proclaimed themselves the Bonus Expeditionary Force but the public dubbed them the "Bonus Army." Raising ramshackle camps at various places around the city, they waited.
		A month later, on July 28, Attorney General Mitchell ordered the evacuation of the veterans from all government property, Entrusted with the job, the Washington police met with resistance, shots were fired and two marchers killed.
		Bartlett, John Henry, The Bonus March and the New Deal (1937); Daniels, Roger, The Bonus March; an Episode of the Great Depression (1971).
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /snprelief4.htm (601 words)

	Bonus Army: An American Epic, The Army - Find Articles
		Also, the Army was integrated, with fls living next to whites in their improvised huts; they were all brothers fighting for the same cause.
		The authors point out that the bonus, estimated at between $500 and $600 per vet, was not a sum randomly picked as a tribute, but a solid compensation for duty.
		Surprisingly, the Army's eviction of the Bonus Army, the most famous incident of the entire odyssey, takes up only one chapter of the book, so orderly was its action.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200503/ai_n11852068 (793 words)

	Bonus Marchers
		He justified his attack on former members of the United States Army by claiming that the country was on the verge of a communist revolution.
		The welfare of the veterans as a class is inseparable from that of the country.
		The BEF was a tattered army consisting of veterans from every state in the Union; most of them were old-stock Americans from smaller industrial cities where relief had broken down.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAbonus.htm (2067 words)

	The Bonus Army Invades Washington, D.C., 1932
		Having no other place to go, the majority of the Bonus Army remained encamped in the city, despite the fact that Congress had adjourned for the summer.
		On the side of the truck was an expanse of white cloth on which, crudely lettered in fl, was a legend, BONUS ARMY.
		While I recalled those wartime parades, I was reading in the newspapers that the bonus army men were going hungry in Washington.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /bonusarmy.htm (1088 words)

	'Bonus Army'
		In the spring of 1932, during the worst part of Depression, a group of 300 veterans in Portland, Oregon organized by an ex-Sergeant named Walter Walters named itself the 'Bonus Expeditionary Force' or 'Bonus Army,' and began traveling across the country to Washington to lobby the government personally.
		In June, the Patman Bonus Bill, which proposed immediate payment of the veterans' cash bonuses, was debated in the House of Representatives.
		As the weather and the rhetoric grew hotter, concern grew that the Bonus Army Marchers could cause widespread civil disorder and violence.
	www.web-tracks.org /BonusArmy.html (614 words)

	THE ROUT OF THE BONUS ARMY & THE SUMMER OF 42nd STREET
		The Bonus Army of 1932 was, practically speaking, made up of white enlisted men who had served in Wilson's "war to end all wars," and their families.
		The Bonus Army was not demonstrating a desire to overthrow the federal govenment in any way, for they first came to the District of Columbia to lay their grievances before Congress.
		The Bonus Army of 1932 was routed from the capital city of these States by the orders of a hard-hearted Republican administration, and by the deliberate disobedience of General Douglas MacArthur, who never was called to face the consequences of his perfidy on July 28th of 1932.
	www.rumormillnews.com /cgi-bin/forum.cgi?read=72322 (4915 words)

	Amazon.com: The Bonus Army : An American Epic: Books: Paul Dickson,Thomas B. Allen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Bonus Army is a feat of research and analysis-a thoughtful, strong argument that these marches were among the most important demonstrations of the 20th century.
		The end result was the WWI veterans formed a bonus army that marched to Washington D.C. in 1932 to lobby for the bonus.
		It would still be several years before the bonus was paid but the saga of the bonus army paved the way for the GI Bill of Rights and provided a model for every mass protest held in the capital since.
	www.amazon.com /Bonus-Army-American-Epic/dp/0802714404 (2879 words)

	Untitled Document
		By the end of June between fifteen and twenty thousand "bonus marchers" were camping in Washington, most on a mud flat on the banks of the Anacostia River.
		"Waters [the head of the Bonus Army] charged that the communist gang...which seized the Illinois contingent were drunkards guilty of misusing veterans' funds.
		It is profoundly humiliating to every ecent American that he must see his government thus persecuting and stealing from these hungry and ragged men whom, fourteen years ago, it did not hesitate to send into the trenches at the risk of death.
	marchand.ucdavis.edu /lessons/HS/Bonus_ArmyHS.htm (3660 words)

	The Bonus Army March
		Bonus Army March was produced by Lex Gillespie.
		More bonus army pictures are available on the "index" page.
		Bonus Marchers: Homeless Vets Routed from DC in 1932 FWD
	www.soundprint.org /radio/display_show/ID/16/name/The+Bonus+Army+March (283 words)

	Today in History: July 28
		Despite the lack of food, water, and proper sanitation, the Bonus Army encampment remained orderly and well-run until Congress voted against granting the early benefits.
		A second Bonus Army came to Washington in May 1933 to appeal to the new administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
		See, for example, images of an Indian Bonus Veteran, the camp of Bonus Veterans from Passaic and Patterson, New Jersey, and a panoramic View of [the] Bonus Veterans Camp.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/jul28.html (1520 words)

	Bonus March/Bonus Army II - A New Beginning
		I am a retired sailor in a family of retired sailors and Marines and I have become so frustrated with how veterans are treated and neglected that I will never recommend that any young man or woman ever join the military of this country.
		I do believe that the right thing to do is for our vets to be compensated for their duty to our country, but like most vets I am a very proud person and don't want to appear that I am crying to the American people for a handout.
		I am a 100% disabled veteran who was given a medical retirement from the Army in 1968 for injuries received while in Viet Nam.
	members.aol.com /vetsofamer/bonus3.htm (3377 words)

	In Liberty & Freedom-Bonus Marchers
		Photographs of the Bonus marchers are sympathetic, showing their living conditions, sense of humanity, and their feeling of neglect.
		The worst incident of this type was the Bonus Army March in Washington in the summer of 1932.
		It was alleged at the time that the March was directed by the Communist Party of the USA in pursuit of a genuine revolution, but it has since been established that the Party's only actual involvement was sending a small number of agitators and speakers.
	www.inlibertyandfreedom.com /bm.htm (5556 words)

	The American Experience \| MacArthur \| People & Events \| The Bonus March (May-July, 1932)
		In December of 1931, there was a small, communist-led hunger march on Washington; a few weeks later, a Pittsburgh priest led an army of 12,000 jobless men there to agitate for unemployment legislation.
		On July 21, with the Army preparing to step in at any moment, Glassford was ordered to begin evacuating several buildings on Pennsylvania Avenue, using force if necessary.
		Conspicuously led by MacArthur, Army troops (including Major George S. Patton, Jr.) formed infantry cordons and began pushing the veterans out, destroying their makeshift camps as they went.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/macarthur/peopleevents/pandeAMEX89.html (669 words)

	(DV) Mickey Z: The Bonus Army
		Anywhere from 17,000 to 25,000 former doughboys formed a Bonus Expeditionary Force (BEF), otherwise known as the "Bonus Army," and-bonus certificates in hand-they marched on Washington to picket Congress and President Herbert Hoover.
		Arriving from all over the country, alone or with wives and children, both fl and white veterans of huddled together, mostly across the Potomac River from the Capitol, in what were called "Hoovervilles," in honor of the president who adamantly refused to hear their pleas.
		The commander of the operation was Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur, who branded the BEF traitors bent on overthrowing the government...declaring, "Pacifism and its bedfellow communism are all around us." MacArthur's young aide was none other than Dwight D. Eisenhower, while Patton led the Third Cavalry-which spearheaded the eventual eviction of the Bonus Army.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /Aug05/MickeyZ0831.htm (1317 words)

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