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	The American Experience \| MacArthur \| People & Events \| The Bonus March (May-July, 1932)
		From the start, 1932 promised to be a difficult year for the country, as the Depression deepened and frustrations mounted.
		In December of 1931, there was a small, communist-led hunger march on Washington; a few weeks later, a Pittsburgh priest led an army of 12,000 jobless men there to agitate for unemployment legislation.
		MacArthur's own General Staff intelligence division reported in June that only three of the twenty-six leaders of the Bonus March were communists.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/macarthur/peopleevents/pandeAMEX89.html (669 words)

	Bonus Army
		The veterans had been promised a bonus in 1924 to compensate them for wages lost during their service in the army, but this bonus was not to be paid until 1945.
		Initially the veterans responded favorably to the terms of the bonus as it was the first time government assistance was available to all veterans and was not qualified as to whether or not they were disabled, indigent, or had served in combat.
		The bonus itself and the creation of the CCC served as early examples of the federal government providing entitlements for a group of citizens, thereby setting the stage for more sweeping social reform later.
	www.rpadden.com /bonus/bonus_army_dagvin_r.htm (980 words)

	Bonus Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bonus Army massed at the United States Capitol on June 17 as the U.S. Senate voted on the Patman Bonus Bill, which would have moved forward the date when World War I veterans received a cash bonus.
		Most of the Bonus Army camped in a Hooverville on the Anacostia Flats, then a swampy, muddy area across the Anacostia River from the federal core of Washington.
		It can be argued, however, that the Bonus Army's greatest accomplishment was actually the piece of legislation known as the G.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bonus_Army (925 words)

	'Bonus Army' led march for social change - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
		One is racism: The Bonus Army was desegregated, to a remarkable extent for its time, which, sadly, contributed to a lingering bad image.
		It was really neither compensation nor bonus, but an insurance policy, issued in the form of certificates with a total face value of $3.5 billion, with an average payout of $1,000 per man, that could not be redeemed until 1945.
		The authors' analysis of the causes, meaning, and effects of the BEF is better than their description of its activities, which is uninspired in some of the march's exciting aspects and overlong in some of its tertiary ones.
	pittsburghlive.com /x/tribune-review/entertainment/books/s_302082.html (801 words)

	In Liberty & Freedom-Bonus Marchers
		It was alleged at the time that the March was directed by the Communist Party of the USA in pursuit of a genuine revolution, but it has since been established that the Party's only actual involvement was sending a small number of agitators and speakers.
		Throughout July the veterans, known as the Bonus Expeditionary Force, continued to hold marches and rallies despite the fact that they were receiving ultimatums to leave, with the White House proposing use of troops to force an evacuation.
		When the veterans realized that President Roosevelt would also veto the bonus bill but was offering an alternative solution they gradually backed away from their demands, and the issue of the veterans' bonus eventually faded from the news.
	www.inlibertyandfreedom.com /bm.htm (5556 words)

	attendance bonus - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Bonus March, a march by veterans of World War I (1914-1918) on Washington, D.C., in 1932.
		Hoover's worst mistake may have been the way he dealt with the so-called Bonus Army.
		The tension between citizens seeking government action and Hoover’s administration came to a head in June 1932.
	encarta.msn.com /attendance_bonus.html (132 words)

	Walker Books: The Bonus Army
		And it underscored the power that could be unleashed by the marcher who made himself "a petition in boots." Its legacy was of great importance to the World War II veterans whose homecomings were a far cry from the hardships and indignities of the 1930's.
		He was accused of ordering the shooting of the Bonus Army and the burning of their tents in Washington, DC.
		In 1924, they had been promised a cash bonus for their service, but it was to be deferred until 1945.
	www.thebonusarmy.com /reviews.html (1566 words)

	The Bonus Army
		June 17 was described by a local newspaper as "the tensest day in the capital since the war." The Senate was voting on the bill already passed by the House to immediately give the vets their bonus money.
		A month later, on July 28, Attorney General Mitchell ordered the evacuation of the veterans from all government property, Entrusted with the job, the Washington police met with resistance, shots were fired and two marchers killed.
		Bartlett, John Henry, The Bonus March and the New Deal (1937); Daniels, Roger, The Bonus March; an Episode of the Great Depression (1971).
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /snprelief4.htm (601 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Aviation History \| The Bonus March: Herbert Hoover's View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Probably the greatest coup of all was the distortion of the story of the Bonus March on Washington in July 1932.
		As abundantly proved later on, the march was in considerable part organized and promoted by the Communists and included a large number of hoodlums and ex-convicts determined to raise a public disturbance.
		When it was evident that no legislation on the bonus would be passed by the Congress, I asked the chairman of the Congressional committees to appropriate funds to buy tickets home for the legitimate veterans.
	www.historynet.com /magazines/aviation_history/3026241.html (1316 words)

	March of the Bonus Army DAV Magazine - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For an army of World War I veterans it was time to cash in on a bonus Congress had already agreed they deserved, but they were 13 years early and the government was not ready to pay up.
		Funded in part with $100,000 provided by the DAV National Service Foundation, "The March of the Bonus Army", produced by New Voyage Communications is history brought to life with rare archival photographs, newsreel footage, period music and interviews with scholars, writers and witnesses of the Bonus March.
		"The March of the Bonus Army" is a story of veterans and people nearly lost to American memory.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0LFT/is_3_48/ai_n16419268 (885 words)

	Book Review: The Bonus Army
		Despite his promise to veto any bonus bill, he made sure that the marchers had decent quarters and food and sent his wife - the indomitable Eleanor - to tour the camp and chat with the men.
		When a new bonus bill passed in January 1936, FDR vetoed it as promised, but Congress overrode his veto and the bill became law.
		FDR noted in his opposition to the early payment of the bonus that veterans made up 1% of the population and consumed 24% of the federal budget.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,021105_Bonus_Army,00.html (940 words)

	Bonus Army: An American Epic, The Army - Find Articles
		The march began as an idea by a veteran in Oregon; the movement took on national prominence as vets from all over converged on Washington.
		The story of the journey itself is quite a tale, as veterans hopped on trains across the country and were greeted in some towns as heroes, with parades in their honor.
		The authors point out that the bonus, estimated at between $500 and $600 per vet, was not a sum randomly picked as a tribute, but a solid compensation for duty.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200503/ai_n11852068 (793 words)

	Bonus March, Emergency Banking Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1924, Congress issued bonus certificates to veterans who had fought in World War I. The certificates were worth one thousand dollars and would be redeemable in 1945.
		Thousands of hungry and disgruntled veterans of WW I marched down Pennsylvania Avenue, demanding that Congress pay them the bonus for their military service that had been promised years before.
		The Bonus March played a role in defeating Hoover in the fall election, and improving the government's treatment of veterans after WW II.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~mwfriedm/terms/linds_23.html (350 words)

	The Depression Papers of Herbert Hoover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		World war veterans were given bonds redeemable in 1945, to be paid from a fund that Congress would contribute to annually.
		The movement culminated in the summer of 1932 with a march in Washington to demand full and immediate payment of the bonus.
		Hoover outlines his objections to a bill increasing the loan value of veteran bonus certificates.
	www.geocities.com /mb_williams/hooverpapers/bonus.html (139 words)

	The Bonus Army March
		In 1932, in the depths of the Depression, thousands of hungry and disgruntled veterans of WW I marched on Washington, D.C. demanding that Congress pay them the bonus for their military service that had been promised years before.
		Banding together, unemployed Oregon cannery workers marched with Pennsylvania coal miners and Alabama cotton pickers, as more than 20 thousand "bonus marchers" participated in the biggest rally to date in the nation's capital.
		Bonus Marchers: Homeless Vets Routed from DC in 1932 FWD
	www.soundprint.org /radio/display_show/ID/16/name/The+Bonus+Army+March (283 words)

	Casino.Net - March Promotions
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	www.casino.net /en/playersclub/news/2005-03.htm (614 words)

	March Madness Brackets - March Madness Tournament Bracket Odds and Betting Lines
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		Keep up with March madness as the field of 64 in the NCAA brackets is narrowed down to the sweet sixteen (Thursday, March 24, 2005), elite eight (Saturday, March 26, 2005) and the final four (Saturday, April 2, 2005).
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	www.sportbet.com /news/2005_marchmadness_brackets.htm (1777 words)

	bonus: March 2006
		In the March issue of Professional Photographer, we ran an article called "Music in the air" with answers to the questions professional photographers have about making sure they have proper license to use music with their client CDs and DVDs.
		On cloudy days, the contrast range is reduced, allowing you to capture detail throughout the image, from the brightest area to the deepest shadow.
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	bonus.ppmag.com /2006/03/index.html (1831 words)

	'Bonus Army'
		In the spring of 1932, during the worst part of Depression, a group of 300 veterans in Portland, Oregon organized by an ex-Sergeant named Walter Walters named itself the 'Bonus Expeditionary Force' or 'Bonus Army,' and began traveling across the country to Washington to lobby the government personally.
		In June, the Patman Bonus Bill, which proposed immediate payment of the veterans' cash bonuses, was debated in the House of Representatives.
		As the weather and the rhetoric grew hotter, concern grew that the Bonus Army Marchers could cause widespread civil disorder and violence.
	www.web-tracks.org /BonusArmy.html (614 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Vivian, James F.; Vivian, Jean H. “The Bonus March of 1932: The Role of General George Van Horn Mosely.” Wisconsin Magazine of History 1967 51(1): 26-36.
		Press reaction to the Bonus March of 1932: A Re-evaluation of the Impact of an American Tragedy.
		The Bonus March of 1932: a Study of Depression, Leadership and its Legacy.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~scotty13/Biblio-Source.htm (1306 words)

	Digital History
		Their purpose was to pressure Congress into voting immediate payment of a veteran’s bonus promised for 1945.
		Although Hoover was appalled by what happened he publicly accepted the responsibility and endorsed MacArthur's charge that the bonus marchers included dangerous radicals who wanted to overthrow the government.
		Upon learning of the Bonus Army incident, Franklin D. Roosevelt remarked: "Well, this will elect me." Roosevelt was correct; he buried Hoover in November, winning 22,809,638 votes to Hoover's 15,758,901, and 472 to 59 electoral votes.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /database/article_display.cfm?HHID=461 (351 words)

	Amazon.com: The Bonus Army : An American Epic: Books: Paul Dickson,Thomas B. Allen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The end result was the WWI veterans formed a bonus army that marched to Washington D.C. in 1932 to lobby for the bonus.
		The text ends stating "Millions of Americans have since peacefully marched on Washington in support of various causes, their way paved by the veterans of 1932." This book is excellently researched, well written and hopefully will place the bonus march in its proper place in American history.
		It would still be several years before the bonus was paid but the saga of the bonus army paved the way for the GI Bill of Rights and provided a model for every mass protest held in the capital since.
	www.amazon.com /Bonus-Army-American-Epic/dp/0802714404 (2900 words)

	The Bonus March
		The commanding general believed the situation was well in hand; he would continue his advance towards the river and save his nation from disaster.
		By late spring 1932, thousands of unemployed vets converged on the nation's capital to demonstrate for the bonus.
		Being former soldiers the bonus marchers organized themselves into groups and elected leaders.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/6851/93025 (537 words)

	TheHistoryNet Discussion Forums: President Herbert Hoover and the Bonus Marchers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Bonus Army had marched into, and occupied, Washington D. in an effort to gain early disbursement of a mandated bonus which was scheduled to have been paid out in 1945.
		When the Bonus Army violently turned against him and his D. police force, Pelham quickly claimed that his police force was unable to quell the violence but through the use of firearms.
		the bonus march was not during a time of rapid national growth.
	historynet.zeroforum.com /zerothread?id=61 (1036 words)

	Federal Bureau of Investigation - Freedom of Information Privacy Act
		In June 1932, the Bonus Expeditionary Force, also known as the "Bonus Army", marched on Washington, DC, to advocate the passage of the "soldier's bonus" for service during World War 1.
		After Congress adjourned, bonus marchers remained in the city and became unruly.
		On July 28, 1932, two bonus marchers were shot by police, causing the entire mob to become hostile and riotous.
	foia.fbi.gov /foiaindex/bonmarch.htm (187 words)

	Casino Slot Machine > Player's Club
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	www.slotmachine.online.gambling.name /club.html (1044 words)

	Bay Link Lesson Plans: MacArthur Mem #4-Bonus March
		Classroom activities developed by a teacher committee (funded through a grant from Jesse Ball du Pont Fund) involve students in a study of the "Great Depression" using the collection of primary sources in the archives of the General Douglas MacArthur Memorial.
		The focus is on the Bonus Army march on Washington DC in June 1932.
		Students will also use documents and photos to examine reasons for the Bonus March on Washington, DC and the immediate and political consequences of the march.
	www.baylink.org /lessons/mm4-bonusmarch_r.html (437 words)

	Hoover on the Bonus Army
		In the face of the great depression, veterans asked that they be paid their wartime bonus immediately (full payment was scheduled for 1945).
		They also argued that by spending their bonus on cars, appliances, and houses, they would help create jobs and thus lessen the severity of the depression for others.
		The bonus march was in considerable part organized and promoted by the Communists and included a large number of hoodlums and ex-convicts determined to raise a public disturbance.
	www.cresswellslist.com /ballots2/bonus.htm (708 words)

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