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	Boomerang Nebula
		A bipolar reflection nebula that lies about 5,000 light-years away in the constellation Centaurus.
		The symmetric cloud appears to have been created by a high-speed wind of gas and dust blowing from an aging asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star at a speed of 164 km/s.
		The ultracool Boomerang shines with light from the central star reflected by dust and is believed to be evolving rapidly, on a timescale of about 1,000 years, to the planetary nebula stage.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/B/Boomerang_Nebula.html (183 words)

	Boomerang nebula : Information and resources about Boomerang nebula : School Work Guru
		The Boomerang nebula, also called the bowtie nebula since the Hubble space telescope revealed more detail, located 5,000 light-years from Earth,in the constellation Centaurus, is at 1 kelvin the coldest place known outside a laboratory.
		It is formed from the outflow of gas from a star at its core.
		The gas is moving outwards at a speed of about 600,000 km/h and expanding rapidly as it moves out into space.
	www.schoolworkguru.org /encyclopedia/b/bo/boomerang_nebula.html (168 words)

	Universe Today - Hubble's View of the Boomerang Nebula
		Hubble's sharp view is able to resolve patterns and ripples in the nebula very close to the central star that are not visible from the ground.
		Each lobe of the Boomerang Nebula is nearly one light-year in length, making the total length of the nebula half as long as the distance from our Sun to our nearest neighbors- the Alpha Centauri stellar system, located roughly 4 light-years away.
		The Boomerang Nebula is located about 5,000 light-years from Earth in the direction of the Southern constellation Centaurus.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/scattered_light_from_boomerang.html?1392005 (623 words)

	Boomerang nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		British Boomerang Society Event listing with results, rules and the basics of constructing a boomerang from this club in England.
		Kangaroo Boomerang Club Informations sur l'origine du boomerang, l'anatomie, le lancer, la fabrication et la compétition.
		Page Boomerang de Haakon Histoire et légende du boomerang, sa fabrication, des plans, la pratique en compétition, le lancer et la théorie du vol.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Boomerang_nebula.html (355 words)

	Boomerang Nebula boasts the coolest spot in the Universe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It represents the outer regions of a cold wind being blown by a dying star.
		The work was done on a radio telescope at La Silla, Chile, by comparing signals received from carbon monoxide in the Boomerang Nebula with signals from cosmic microwave background radiation which pervades the whole universe.
		Sahai believes the Boomerang Nebula is even colder than most other expanding nebulae because it is losing its mass about 100 times faster than other similar dying stars and 100 billion times faster than Earth's Sun.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/97/coldspot.html (383 words)

	Encyclopedia: Boomerang nebula
		The Boomerang nebula, NASA public domain File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
		The Triangulum Emission Nebula NGC 604 lies in a spiral arm of Galaxy M33, 2.
		NGC 6543, the Cats Eye Nebula A planetary nebula is an astronomical object consisting of a glowing shell of gas and plasma formed by certain types of stars at the end of their lives.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Boomerang-nebula (559 words)

	Great Moments in Science - Coldest Place in the Universe 2
		The Boomerang Nebula first revealed itself in 1979, during a survey of the Southern Sky, when it was categorized as a "peculiar" object.
		Nebula comes from the early days of astronomy, and it means that the object that you're looking at is not a little point like a planet or a star, but a big fuzzy object like a cloud (or nebula).
		But with the Boomerang Nebula, you've got a lot more stuff coming out, and at a much higher speed (half a million kilometers per hour), and its been doing it long enough to get it really cold.
	www.abc.net.au /science/k2/moments/s947134.htm (828 words)

	RedOrbit - Reference Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Boomerang Nebula is one of the Universe's peculiar places.
		Keith Taylor and Mike Scarrott called it the Boomerang Nebula in 1980 after observing it with a large ground-based telescope in Australia.
		The general bow-tie shape of the Boomerang appears to have been created by a very fierce 500 000 kilometre-per-hour wind blowing ultracold gas away from the dying central star.
	www.redorbit.com /education/reference_library?article_id=25 (295 words)

	SPACE.com -- Hubble Photographs 'Coolest' Place in the Universe
		The young planetary nebula resides in the constellation of Centaurus, 5,000 light-years from Earth.
		However, the Boomerang Nebula is so young that it may not have had time to develop these structures.
		The bow-tie shape of the Boomerang appears to have been created by a very fierce wind of 310,700 mph (500,000 kph) blowing ultracold gas away from the dying central star.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/hubble_boomerang_030220.html (497 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| The coolest place in space
		The young planetary nebula imaged by the HST is in the constellation of Centaurus, 5,000 light-years from Earth.
		In 1995, astronomers revealed that the Boomerang Nebula is the coldest place in the Universe found so far outside a terrestrial laboratory.
		The Boomerang Nebula is the only object found so far that has a temperature lower than the background radiation.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/sci/tech/2783941.stm (385 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: The Boomerang Nebula - the coolest place in the Universe? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Boomerang Nebula is a young planetary nebula and the coldest object found in the Universe so far.
		Planetary nebulae form around a bright, central star when it expels gas in the last stages of its life.
		However, the Boomerang Nebula is so young that it may not have had time to develop these structures.
	hubble.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=32790 (462 words)

	Boomerang Nebula
		The Boomerang Nebula: The Coldest Region of the Universe?
		The Boomerang Nebula (e.g., Wegner and Glass 1979; Taylor and Scarrot 1980), with its distinctly bipolar morphology similar to that of the prototype PPN, CRL 2688 (e.g., Latter et al.
		This viewpoint is in marked contrast to the traditional one, in which the extended nebula is intrinsically anisotropic, with the density decreasing monotonically with latitude from the equatorial plane (orthogonal to the long axis of the nebula) to the polar axis (Morris 1981).
	ecf.hq.eso.org /~ralbrech/sepdec97apjl/975386.html (3752 words)

	UNIVERSE - Journal of The Astronomical Society of New South Wales Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The planetary nebula Sa2-21 (PN G238.9+07.3) was discovered in 1975 by American astronomer Nicholas Sanduleak on an objective-prism plate taken with the Curtis Schmidt telescope at Cerro Tololo in Chile.
		On the north-west edge of the Eta Carinae nebula is an anonymous, ring-shaped, filamentary nebula surrounding an inconspicuous 9th-magnitude star known by its entry in the Henry Draper catalogue as HD 92809.
		The Boomerang Nebula was discovered in 1979 during the ESO/Uppsala southern sky survey, where it was categorised as a 'peculiar' object of unknown class and given the designation ESO 172-07.
	www.asnsw.com /universe/2001/obt-0401.htm (1499 words)

	i-Newswire.com - Press Release And News Distribution - Hubble Captures Scattered Light From the Boomerang Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The nebula's name is derived from its symmetric structure as seen from ground-based telescopes.
		Hubble's sharp view is able to resolve patterns and ripples in the nebula very close to the central star that are not visible from the ground.
		Each lobe of the Boomerang Nebula is nearly one light-year in length, making the total length of the nebula half as long as the distance from our Sun to our nearest neighbors -- the Alpha Centauri stellar system, located roughly 4 light-years away.
	i-newswire.com /pr46353.html (768 words)

	EXN.ca \| Discovery
		Images from the Hubble Space Telescope confirm that the chill winds of this nebula are the coldest in the universe.
		The Boomerang Nebula is a cloud of gases being expelled from a dying star, 5,000 light years from Earth.
		Gases in the Boomerang Nebula are expanding away from its centre at a rate of 500,000 km/h - 10 to 100 times faster than similar nebula.
	www.exn.ca /Stories/2003/02/21/55.asp (521 words)

	SI Exhibitions - Space Boomerang
		The Boomerang Nebula is the coldest known place in the Universe, even colder than the -270°C background glow from the Big Bang.
		Boomerang is located about 5,000 light-years from Earth in the direction of the Southern constellation Centaurus.
		SPACE BOOMERANG inhabits the SI in a state of perpetual rotation and with a ceaseless renewal of interpretations, activating a chronic, absurd and maybe poetic schizophrenia.
	www.swissinstitute.net /Exhibitions/current.htm (396 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The nebula is located in the constellation of Centaurus, about 5000 light years from Earth.
		Sahai and Nyman believe that the Boomerang is colder than most other expanding nebulae because it is losing its mass about 100 times faster than other similar dying stars.
		This shape is very different from other observed planetary nebulae, which have lobes that resemble bubbles blown in the gas.
	www.sas.org /E-Bulletin/2003-02-28/features2/body.html (301 words)

	CNN.com - Brr! Hubble sees coldest spot in cosmos - Feb. 21, 2003
		The Boomerang Nebula received its peculiar name in 1980 because early ground-based telescope pictures of the oddity were not in sharp focus.
		Often the lobes of nebulae look like bubbles blown in gas, but this particular one is so young that it may not have had time to form them, astronomers theorize.
		The Boomerang Nebula could be colder than other expanding nebulae because its central star loses its mass about 100 times faster than similar dying celestial bodies, according to NASA's Raghvendra Sahai, one of the first Boomerang researchers.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/space/02/21/hubble.cold (369 words)

	Boomerang Nebula Comes Back—to Plasma
		The Boomerang Nebula exhibits the bipolar symmetry that has become typical of planetary nebulae: two cones or, often, bubbles of material radiate away from the central star (which is often a double star).
		In most nebulae, the plasma is sufficiently dense and excited to emit light.
		We are able to see the nebula because dust particles reflect light from the central star.
	www.thunderbolts.info /tpod/2005/arch05/051027nebula.htm (575 words)

	HubbleSite - NewsCenter - Hubble Catches Scattered Light from the Boomerang Nebula (09/13/2005) - Introduction
		NASA's Hubble Space Telescope caught the Boomerang Nebula in images taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys in early 2005.
		Each lobe of the nebula is nearly one light-year in length, making the total length of the nebula half as long as the distance from our Sun to our nearest neighbors- the Alpha Centauri stellar system, located roughly 4 light-years away.
		The Boomerang Nebula resides 5,000 light-years from Earth.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/archive/releases/2005/25 (158 words)

	The Boomerang Nebula - the coolest place in the Universe?
		The Boomerang Nebula is a young planetary nebula and the coldest object found in the Universe so far.
		The general bow-tie shape of the Boomerang appears to have been created by a very fierce 500 000 kilometre-per-hour wind blowing ultracold gas away from the dying central star.
		The rapid expansion of the nebula has enabled it to become the coldest known region in the Universe.
	www.spacetelescope.org /images/html/heic0301a.html (466 words)

	Boomerang Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A boomerang is a curved, usually wooden, device which is thrown.
		Note that the word "boomerang" automatically implies it is returning; a hunting, or throwing, stick is a different thing, andthe two terms should not be used interchangeably.
		Originally Nibula was a general name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way (some examples of the older usage survive; for example, the Andromeda Galaxy is sometimes referred to as the AndromedaNebula).
	www.thesonars.com /web/1036-boomerang.nebula.html (603 words)

	APOD Search Results for "planetary nebula" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		NGC 3242 is such a planetary nebula, with the stellar remnant white dwarf star visible at the centre.
		Planetary nebulae in general are not at all related to planets, but instead are created at the end of a sun-like star's life as its outer layers expand into space while the star's core shrinks to become a white dwarf.
		While the planetary nebula phase is thought to last for around 10,000 years, astronomers estimate the age of the outer filamentary portions of this halo to be 50,000 to 90,000 years.
	www.star.ucl.ac.uk /cgi-bin/apod_search?planetary+nebula (9668 words)

	Cold Wind From The Boomerang Nebula
		Explanation: A cold wind blows from the central star of the Boomerang Nebula.
		The boomerang shaped cloud appears to have been created by a high-speed wind of gas and dust blowing from an aging central star at speeds of over 300,000 miles per hour.
		The frigid Boomerang nebula represents a unique object for astronomers and is believed to be a star or stellar system evolving toward the
	www.astronet.ru /db/xware/msg/eid/apod/ap971015 (132 words)

	The Boomerang Nebula in Polarized Light
		The symmetric cloud dubbed the Boomerang appears to have been created by a high-speed wind of gas and dust blowing from an aging central star at speeds of nearly 600,000 kilometers per hour.
		To help better understand the Boomerang's origin, astronomers are studying the above image taken in polarized light, color coded by an angular direction associated with the polarization.
		The Boomerang Nebula spans about one light year and lies about 5,000 light years away toward the constellation Centaurus.
	www.astronet.ru /db/xware/msg/1208009 (211 words)

	Boomerang Nebula - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Boomerang Nebula - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Boomerang Nebula contains research on
		Boomerang Nebula, External links and H II regions.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Boomerang_nebula (168 words)

	Spacepic113 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A cold wind blows from the central star of the Boomerang Nebula.
		Seen here in a detailed false-colour image recorded in 1998 by the Hubble Space Telescope, the nebula lies about 5,000 light-years away towards the grand southern constellation of Centaurus.
		The symmetric cloud appears to have been created by a high-speed wind of gas and dust blowing from an aging central star at speeds of nearly 600,000 kilometers per hour.
	www.toothill70.freeserve.co.uk /astronomy/spacepic113.htm (145 words)

	Universe Today - Hubble's View of the Boomerang Nebula
		It could be that the star is surrounded by a disk of dust, so only the top and bottom material can escape, or a powerful magnetic field is shaping it as it escapes.
		The Hubble Space Telescope has "caught" the Boomerang Nebula in these new images taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys.
		Each lobe of the Boomerang Nebula is nearly one light-year in length, making the total length of the nebula half as long as the distance from our Sun to our nearest neighbors- the Alpha Centauri stellar system, located roughly 4 light-years away.
	universetoday.com /am/publish/scattered_light_from_boomerang.html?... (662 words)

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