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Topic: Boot sector

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Boot sequence

Master boot record

File system

VFAT

Minix file system

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	Disk Boot Sector
		The boot sector is a region of a hard disk, floppy disk, and other similar data storage device.
		Boot sector viruses are difficult to remove, as most antivirus programs cannot clean the Master Boot Record as Windows is running.
		Boot sector viruses are usually spread by infected floppy disks.
	www.mediastoragedevices.com /disk-boot-sector.html (590 words)

	NTFS.com Partition Boot Sector is damaged.Recovery Concepts.
		This sector is so important on NTFS, for example, duplicate of the boot sector is located on the disk.
		Because a normally functioning system relies on the boot sector to access a volume, it is highly recommended that you run disk-scanning tools such as Chkdsk regularly, as well as back up all of your data files to protect against data loss in case you lose access to the volume.
		On NTFS copy of boot sector is stored at the middle or at the end of the Volume.
	www.ntfs.com /boot-sector-damaged.htm (972 words)

	Boot-Manager Boot-US: Techn. background: Part 3
		When an active partition is found then the boot loader code reads the boot sector (from the first hard disk) and executes the code contained on the boot sector.
		Also booting from a logical drive is not possible with the standard boot loader.
		Rather the first sector on a diskette already contains the boot sector of an operating system in case the diskette is bootable, or the well-known little program which asks the user to remove the diskette and press any key.
	www.boot-us.com /backgrn3.htm (299 words)

	Detailed Explanation of FAT Boot Sector
		Because the MBR transfers CPU execution to the boot sector, the first few bytes of the FAT boot sector must be valid executable instructions for an x86 CPU.
		This is the number of sectors on the physical disk preceding the start of the volume, before the boot sector itself.
		It is used during the boot sequence in order to calculate the absolute offset to the root directory and data areas.
	www.dewassoc.com /kbase/hard_drives/boot_sector.htm (3269 words)

	Boot Sector Viruses
		Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector or the partition table of a disk.
		Computer systems are typically infected by these viruses when started with infected floppy disks - the boot attempt does not have to be successful for the virus to infect the computer hard drive.
		Once a computer is infected, boot sector viruses usually attempt to infect every disk accessed on the infected system.
	www.trendmicro.com /en/security/general/glossary/overview/boot-sector-viruses.htm (101 words)

	Windows 95a Boot Sector
		This is a look at the Windows 95a boot sector as a companion to the discussion of the Windows 95b Boot Sector.
		This boot sector is from a PC which was originally formatted with WFWG 3.11 and then upgraded to Windows 95 using an early upgrade CD.
		The first sector of a primary partition is the boot sector while the first sector of an extended partition is a Partition Boot Record.
	home.att.net /~rayknights/pc_boot/w95aboot.htm (2752 words)

	FAT Boot Sector
		Boot sector is always the very first sector in the partition.
		is not the same as in the partition table, boot sector was corrupted and the partition should not be used.
		The first and the third sectors of this triple are identical to those of the main one.
	averstak.tripod.com /fatdox/bootsec.htm (1490 words)

	HIW: DOS Floppy Disk Boot Sector
		The boot sector of a floppy disk is located at cylinder 0, head 0, sector 1.
		If a boot sector is found on the floppy disk, the that boot sector is read into memory at location 0000:7C00 and INT 19 jumps to memory location 0000:7C00.
		If such a partition is found, the boot sector of that partition is read into memory at location 0000:7C00 and the MBR program jumps to memory location 0000:7C00.
	www.ata-atapi.com /hiwdos.htm (1261 words)

	Windows 95b Boot Sector
		The sector numbers at offsets 30h and 32h are relative sector numbers with the first sector being 0.
		In DOS, sectors numbers start with 0 being the first boot sector and then numbering the sectors in order from track to track in the same cylinder and then from cylinder to cylinder.
		The additional boot sectors were not examined but it is assumed that the code basically follows the Microsoft KB article Q174018, Description of the Windows 95 Startup Process even though that article is based on the original version of Windows 95 and not the OSR2 version.
	home.att.net /~rayknights/pc_boot/w95bboot.htm (2807 words)

	Support Online - Boot Sector Virus Removal
		Boot sector virus removal can be a tricky business as these are some of the most evil and difficult kinds of viruses.
		They reside on your hard drive boot sector, the part of your computer that is responsible for loading or “booting” the rest of it, so that as soon as your computer is turned on, the virus is already loaded into memory.
		This disk loads a basic boot system for your computer when you place it in the floppy drive, so that it is not loading from the boot sector of the hard drive, which has been contaminated by a virus.
	www.supportonline.co.za /articles/virus-related/boot-sector-virus-removal.html (412 words)

	NTFS Partition Boot Sector
		The NTFS partition boot sector is part of the NTFS metadata file $Boot, which includes the boot sector as its initial 512 bytes, followed by several sectors containing code which is called by the boot sector's IPL (initial program loader).
		It writes the FAT12 boot sector into place, apparently, when the partition is damaged in a way that prevents it from reliably writing an NTFS boot sector.
		Note that rebuilding the boot sector in this way is not neccessarily sufficient to recover a partition that is internally damaged, but it is worth doing as a preparation for recovering files from the damaged partition.
	bootmaster.filerecovery.biz /appnote3.html (1221 words)

	What are boot sector viruses, and how can I prevent them? - Knowledge Base
		Boot sector viruses infect or substitute their own code for either the DOS boot sector or the Master Boot Record (MBR) of a PC.
		Boot sector viruses are typically very difficult to remove, as most antivirus programs cannot clean the MBR while Windows is running.
		Boot sector viruses are usually spread by infected floppy disks.
	kb.iu.edu /data/ahll.html (895 words)

	F-PROT Antivirus Glossary of Terms - Definitions and explanations
		When a user unintentionally leaves the infected disk with a boot sector virus, the boot sector of the user´s local drive (C:\) will also be infected.
		Boot sector viruses simply take up memory space or may contain a malicious load.
		The simplest method to avoid Boot sector viruses is to alter the CMOS settings to boot from the local C:\ drive first, rather than from floppy.
	www.f-prot.com /glossary (1933 words)

	DISCOVERY ZONE ASSEMBLY PROGRAMMING AND OS DESIGN - The Boot Sector
		The boot sector is the key to this mystery and can be quite intimidating to the novice system programmer.
		The boot sector is stored on the first sector of the disk so BIOS can locate it.
		Finally, every boot sector must have a signature to identify it as a valid boot sector.
	www.cynergysoft.com /DZ/OS/CH3/CH3_The_Boot_Sector.htm (1164 words)

	Boot Sector
		At the end of the boot sector is a two-byte structure called a signature word or end of sector marker, which is always set to 0x55AA.
		The master boot code in the MBR loads the boot sector of the active partition, and transfers CPU execution to that memory address.
		A non-zero value indicates the sector number in the reserved area of the volume in which a copy of the boot sector is stored.
	www.microsoft.com /technet/prodtechnol/windows2000serv/reskit/prork/prcb_dis_stfl.mspx (4484 words)

	BootPart
		Boot under MS-Dos (this can be a copy of MS-Dos 6.22 on your hard disk, on a MS-Dos bootable floppy, or the "MS-Dos 7.0" included in Windows 95 (you can obtain it by pressing Shift+F5 when Win95 loads).
		Install the OS/2 Boot Manager (you need 1 MB free on your first hard disk), add the OS/2 partition in the boot menu with automatic startup (0 seconds wait time), and then add the OS/2 Boot Manager partition to your NT menu with BootPart.
		Microsoft has also several KB article about the boot process : Q102873 describes Boot.ini, Q289022 describe how modify Boot.ini, Q101787 describes the boot process itself, Q227704 describes the signature syntax on boot.ini.
	www.winimage.com /bootpart.htm (903 words)

	ES29LV160D Datasheet ES29LV160D PDF IC-ON-LINE.CN-Free DataSheet Search and Download Site
		The sector unprotection algorithm unprotects all sectors in parallel.
		All unprotected sectors must first be protected prior to the first sector unprotection write cycle to avoid any over-erase due to the intrinsic erase characteristics of the protection cell.
		Loading the sector erase buffer may be done in any sequence, and the number of sectors may be from one sector to all sectors.
	kr.ic-on-line.cn /IOL_es29lv160d/PdfView/822751.htm (10954 words)

	Boot sector virus
		well if norton is saying their is no boot sector virus then what is? and what did you upgrade- exactly.
		PC boots for 2 seconds then shuts off - 5 posts
		First syestem wil not boot - 3 posts
	www.pcmech.com /viewcomment.php?threadid=90 (1265 words)

	How to Protect Boot Sector from Viruses in Windows
		Some viruses, such as the FORMS virus, may infect the boot sector of your hard disk drive.
		This article discusses some methods of protecting the boot sector of the hard disk drive from viruses.
		The boot sector is separate from the file system in that it is recognized by the system BIOS upon starting the computer.
	support.microsoft.com /?kbid=122221 (489 words)

	Boot Sector Viruses
		The boot code that is stored on the hard disk and executed when the disk is booted up, is a prime target for viruses.
		Many people think that when you boot a system from a floppy or hard disk that has no system files--because it was formatted without transferring them--that the system doesn't boot.
		Since the volume boot code is always executed when the system attempts to boot from a device, a virus can be present on a floppy disk even if you don't format it with the system files on it using "FORMAT /S" or the "SYS" command.
	www.storagereview.com /guide2000/ref/hdd/file/structViruses.html (417 words)

	Recovering a corrupt NTFS boot sector
		The actual boot sector code varies depending on the version of NTFS that was used to create the partition.
		If your boot sector is corrupt, there's no telling what shape it will be in, but there are a few telltale signs that you are indeed looking at a boot sector.
		For partitions that were created using Windows NT 4.0 (or higher), you can determine the location of the backup boot sector by adding the total number of sectors to the number of relative sectors, then subtracting one.
	searchwincomputing.techtarget.com /tip/0,289483,sid68_gci1194144,00.html (1523 words)

	Technology Services - What is a boot sector virus?
		A boot sector virus infects or substitutes its own code for either the DOS boot sector or the Master Boot Record (MBR).
		A boot sector virus is usually spread by infected floppy disks.
		In the past, setting the computer to boot first from the C:\ drive and then the A:\ drive was a reasonable precaution against boot sector viruses.
	www.ts.vcu.edu /faq/virus/virus_bootsector.html (627 words)

	Computer Boot Sequence
		The term "physical sector" actually means the physical sector as presented by the BIOS to the CPU.
		If we wanted to access one particular sector, we could reference it by specifying which head it was on, which cylinder it was on and finally which sector it was on.
		Moreover, as mentioned in the previous section, The Master Boot Record, 4 bytes are used to specify the number of sectors in the partition.
	www.mossywell.com /boot-sequence (12980 words)

	Methods to Detect a Boot-Sector Virus
		Boot-sector viruses infect computer systems by copying code either to the boot sector on a floppy disk or the partition table on a hard disk.
		Examples of boot- sector viruses are Michelangelo and Stoned.
		Boot-sector viruses are spread to computer systems by booting, or attempting to boot, from an infected floppy disk.
	support.microsoft.com /default.aspx?scid=KB;EN-US;q82923 (425 words)

	FreeSourceCodes.org - Boot Sector Tutorial
		Writing a boot sector code is a reasonably straight forward process.
		The Boot Sector is the first sector of a disk - the first on the track 0 and side 0.
		A boot sector that recognizes the Ext2 File system and loads a file with inode number 5 (the boot inode number)
	freesourcecodes.tripod.com /bootsector (237 words)

	Direct Boot Into WinNT/Win95/DOS
		It is possible to boot directly into each of the three operating systems using the Windows NT 4.0 or 3.51 boot loader (note that this procedure will not work with NT versions prior to 3.51).
		This sector is called the "boot sector" and is physically located "outside" of the FAT file system on drive C: (for a more comprehensive discussion, see the Microsoft KnowledgeBase article Q101787, "General Information on Starting Multiple Operating Systems").
		I have been advised that a method of integrating Linux into the NT boot loader is available through this link, but remember that I have never used Linux, so I have no idea whether this method works or not.
	www.bcpl.net /~dbryan/directboot.html (1802 words)

	UNERASER. Partition/Drive Recovery. Partition Boot Sector is damaged.
		This sector is so important on NTFS that a duplicate of the boot sector is located on the disk.
		After we fail to load from it and also fail from a floppy boot attempt, the partition becomes unbootable.
		If duplicate boot sector is not found, only virtual partition recovery might be possible; and this depends on whether or not we can determine critical partition parameters such as Sectors per Cluster, etc.
	www.uneraser.com /boot-sector-damaged.htm (943 words)

	Boot Sector
		The control is then passed to the boot sector.
		For the Intel Architecture, a boot sector has to be exactly 512 bytes in size, and must end with 0xAA55.
		We repeatedly read in sectors and proceed to new tracks or cylinders when necessary, until we have loaded the whole kernel.
	www.cs.caltech.edu /~kchen/kos/KOS_report/node3.html (584 words)

	NTFS Volume Boot Sector
		Note: Despite the use of the word "sector" in the name of this structure, the volume boot sector can in fact be up to 16 sectors (8 kiB) in length.
		The NTFS volume boot sector begins in the first sector of the partition, and consists of two different primary structures.
		The volume boot code on a FAT file system partition is a favorite target of virus writers, as changing this code can allow a virus to automatically load whenever the system has started.
	www.pcguide.com /ref/hdd/file/ntfs/archSector-c.html (485 words)

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