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Topic: Bootstrapping (compilers)

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	Bootstrapping Summary
		Bootstrapping may begin with execution of a few instructions from ROM which load into RAM additional instructions from secondary storage such as a disk drive, from which additional programs are loaded, and so on.
		Bootstrapping in program development began during the 1950's when each program was constructed on paper in decimal code or in binary code, bit by bit (1's and 0's), because there was no high-level computer language, no compiler, no assembler, and no linker.
		In compiler design, a bootstrap or bootstrapping compiler is a compiler that is written in the target language that it compiles.
	www.bookrags.com /Bootstrapping (3964 words)

	Bootstrapping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In compiler design, a bootstrap or bootstrapping compiler is a compiler that is written in the target language that it compiles.
		In statistics bootstrapping is a method for estimating the sampling distribution of an estimator by resampling with replacement from the original sample.
		Bootstrapping is not well-studied or understood in Academia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bootstrapping (1537 words)

	Bootstrapping (compilers) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bootstrapping is a term used in computer science to describe the techniques involved in writing a compiler (or assembler) in the target programming language which it is intended to compile.
		earlier versions of the compiler were written in a subset of X for which there existed some other compiler; this is how some supersets of Java are bootstrapped.
		Methods for distributing compilers in source code include providing a portable bytecode version of the compiler, so as to bootstrap the process of compiling the compiler with itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bootstrapping_(compilers) (294 words)

	Bootstrapping - ExampleProblems.com
		Bootstrapping alludes to a German legend about a Baron Münchhausen, who was able to lift himself out of a swamp by pulling himself up by his own hair.
		In classical analog designs, a bootstrap circuit is an arrangement of components used to boost the input impedance of a circuit by using a small amount of positive feedback, usually over two stages.
		In statistics bootstrapping is a method for estimating the sampling distribution of an estimator by resampling with replacement from the original sample.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php?title=Bootstrapping&printable=yes (1072 words)

	compilers.net > paedia > compiler
		Compilers also exist which translate from one high level language to another (cross compilers), or sometimes to an intermediate language that still needs further processing; these are sometimes known as cascaders.
		Building a self-hosting compiler is a bootstrapping problem -- the first such compiler for a language must be compiled either by a compiler written in a different language, or (as in Hart and Levin's Lisp compiler) compiled by running the compiler in an interpreter.
		During the 1990s a large number of free compilers and compiler development tools were developed for all kinds of languages, both as part of the GNU project and other open-source initiatives.
	www.compilers.net /paedia/compiler/index.htm (1852 words)

	Compiler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, a compiler from a low level language to a high level one is also possible; this is normally known as a decompiler if it is reconstructing a high level language which (could have) generated the low level language.
		While compiler design is a complex task, this approach mitigates the complexity by allowing either the front end or back end to retarget the compiler's source or output language respectively.
		During the 1990s a large number of free compilers and compiler development tools have been developed for all kinds of languages, both as part of the GNU project and other open-source initiatives.
	www.gay-village.wikiverse.org /compiler (1032 words)

	More on Compilers
		Compilers also exist which translate from one high level language to another (cross compilers), or sometimes to an intermediate language that still needs further processing; these are sometimes known as cascaders.
		Building a self-hosting compiler is a bootstrapping problem -- the first such compiler for a language must be compiled either by a compiler written in a different language, or (as in Hart and Levin's Lisp compiler) compiled by running the compiler in an interpreter.
		During the 1990s a large number of free compilers and compiler development tools were developed for all kinds of languages, both as part of the GNU project and other open-source initiatives.
	www.artilifes.com /compilers.htm (2023 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		---------------------- Bootstrapping is the act of implementing a compiler for a language in that same language, or a subset of it.
		Bootstrapping is a fairly esoteric discipline, however, partly because there's little need to do it more than once for any given compiler and any given machine, but also because at a basic level, bootstrapping is somewhat difficult to understand.
		The term 'bootstrap' itself comes from the whimsical idea that if you were to bend over and tug at the straps on your own boots, you could lift yourself off the ground.
	catseye.mine.nu:8080 /projects/shelta/doc/bootstrp.txt (846 words)

	Compiler Summary
		Compilers which are capable of producing both native and foreign binary output may be called either a cross compiler or a native compiler depending on a specific use, although it would be more correct to classify them as cross compilers.
		The ability to compile in a single pass is often seen as a benefit because it simplifies the job of writing a compiler and one pass compilers are generally faster than multi-pass compilers.
		The disadvantage of compiling in a single pass is that it is not possible to perform many of the sophisticated optimizations needed to generate high quality code.
	www.bookrags.com /Compiler (5563 words)

	Bootstrapped
		Bootstrapping (compilers), writing a compiler for a previously uncompiled computer language using the language itself.
		Bootstrapping (corporate finance), when a financial sponsor gains control of a majority of a target company's equity through the use of borrowed money or debt.
		Operation Bootstrap ("Operación Manos a la Obra") is the name given to the ambitious projects which industrialized Puerto Rico in the mid-20th century.
	www.iggysoft.com (300 words)

	Bootstrap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gidh nach mbíonn feidhm le bootstrapping a thuilleadh nuair a chuirtear inneall a dhul, coinnigheadh an focal "boot" ar "inneall a chur a dhul".
		Ní thuigfidh an chéad leagan den compiler ach fíor-bhuntús na teangtha, agus cumfar an chéad leagan seo i dteangaidh eighinteacht eile, a bhfuil compiler ar fagháil daoithe cheana féin.
		Is féidir gach leagan a chaitheamh i dtraipéisí comh luath is a bíos an leagan úr compiled; agus thig gach leagan - ach amháin an leagan tosaigh - a chumadh ina theangaidh féin.
	www.smo.uhi.ac.uk /~oduibhin/tearmai/bootstrap.htm (611 words)

	Compiler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The use of high-level languages for writing compilers gained added impetus in the early 1970s when Pascal and C compilers were written in their own languages.
		During the 1980s and 1990s a large number of free compilers and compiler development tools were developed for all kinds of languages, both as part of the GNU Compiler Collection project and other open-source initiatives.
		A retargetable compiler is a compiler that can relatively easily be modified to generate code for different Central processing unit architectures.
	www.1stcustomsoftware.com /Compiler-563.html (2051 words)

	Compilers - Chapter 3
		Although commercial compilers are rarely released in source form, source code is available for many compilers produced at academic institutions or as components of the GNU project carried out under the auspices of the Free Software Foundation.
		Many compilers for popular languages were first written in another implementation language, as implied in section 3.1, and then rewritten in their own source language.
		Clearly, writing a compiler by hand not once, but twice, is a non-trivial operation, unless the original implementation language is close to the source language.
	www.scifac.ru.ac.za /compilers/cha03g.htm (1924 words)

	Compiler
		A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that translates text written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language).
		Compilers had not been invented because at first computers had very little memory and programs were necessarily quite short.
		The approach taken to compiler design is affected by the complexity of the processing that needs to be done, the experience of the person(s) designing it, and the resources (eg, people and tools) available.
	articles.gourt.com /en/compiler (3360 words)

	SYMBOLIC PROCESSING IN PASCAL - Chapter 21
		Compilers for large languages can be formidable, especially if they are to generate efficient code for a language that is conceptually very different from the machine for which instructions are to be generated.
		Note that for a compiler that is not written in itself, 2) and 3) are quite distinct aspects of efficiency, and that for a self-compiling compiler the way to achieve 2) is to achieve 3).
		To obtain a better compiler, the bootstrap loop has to be repeated again, using source(i+1) as the input to target(i+1) to produce target(i+2) which will now be the improved version.
	www.latrobe.edu.au /philosophy/phimvt/sympas/s49hiteco.html (5510 words)

	The Compiler Bootstrap Koan
		I've been thinking about the compiler bootstrap--writing a compiler for a target language in the target language itself, and getting the compiler compiled, usually by writing a compiler or interpreter in some host language.
		Compile your compiler in the target language subset with the compiler written in the host language, via the host language's compiler.
		The sought-after purity is never achieved in practice or theory: Compilers have to deal with huge messy artifacts like operating systems, calling some vestigial tail of a piece of their runtime library which is inevitably written in C; a language whose compiler Ken Thompson chose to illustrate the first Trojan horse in computing.
	www.dcooney.com /ViewEntry.aspx?ID=528 (546 words)

	Re: How is an operating system built?
		Bootstrapping is a more fundamental approach requiring nothing more than the ability to program machine code into memory, typically read-only memory (ROM).
		A cross compiler is just like any other compiler, but it generates code for a processor different from the one that it runs on.
		Bootstrapping is a very interesting concept which is often applied to a number of large systems, not just operating systems.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/oct98/906999898.Cs.r.html (835 words)

	More Info on C Compiler
		However, translation from a low level language to a high level one is also possible; this is normally known as a decompiler if it is reconstructing a high level language which (could have) generated the low level language.
		The idea quickly caught on, and most of the principles of compiler design were developed during the 1960s.
		Byte-code compilers are also a subtype of this, like you can compile Java or Python (and many more) languages to JVM byte-code.
	www.encryptoo.com /c-compiler.htm (1527 words)

	Chistory
		The B compiler on the PDP-7 did not generate machine instructions, but instead `threaded code' [Bell 72], an interpretive scheme in which the compiler's output consists of a sequence of addresses of code fragments that perform the elementary operations.
		The language and compiler were strong enough to permit us to rewrite the Unix kernel for the PDP-11 in C during the summer of that year.
		Compilers in 1977, and even well after, did not complain about usages such as assigning between integers and pointers or using objects of the wrong type to refer to structure members.
	www.cs.bell-labs.com /~dmr/chist.html (8388 words)

	Neologism \| Lambda the Ultimate
		There ought to be a word for the sinking realization that, semantically, the language you've been designing and implementing for months is only a small extension over the one you're implementing it in.
		Writing an interpreter for it in Scheme was one thing; but, once I started to compile it down to Scheme, and saw how easy it was--the generated Scheme code was a pretty trivial transform from the ASTs--I realized that meant my semantics offered very little over Scheme's.
		I'm also reminded of the C++ standards community's desire to make "typeof" part of the language, and some implementor's complaints that this would essentially necessitate the development of a typing-with-undo framework in their compilers, and it occurred to me that this sounds a lot like constraint-based type inference.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/view/511 (969 words)

	[No title]
		When such a compiler consists of several phases, this implies the existence of further intermediate representations carrying the state of the compilation from one phase to the next.
		Suppose that we have a portable compiler that translates a source language SL into an intermediate language IL, and that this compiler is itself written in SL and available encoded both in SL and in IL.
		By compiling it with the interpretable version of the original compiler we gain a native compiler that is written in IL, and hence executable by the interpreter.
	www.lysator.liu.se /amiga/code/th10497.txt (21239 words)

	ICS 142: Compilers and Interpreters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Overview of what a just-in-time compiler is and when it is useful; discussion of particular JITs or technologies, e.g.
		Overview of what adaptive compilers are, and when they are useful; contrast dynamic profiling to earlier static approaches; challenges for optimizing a running program; etc.
		Approaches to identifying parallelism automatically in the compiler, either for "real" parallel computers, or for "networks of workstations", or even for just "instruction level parallelism" as found in many modern processors.
	www.cs.ucr.edu /~phf/2001/summer/ics142/papers.html (622 words)

	Prototype for JSR014: Adding Generics to the Java[tm] Programming Language v. 2.2
		compiler that supports generics as described in the public review draft specification.
		Included are the sources for a prototype compiler written in the extended language, a jar file containing the class files for running and bootstrapping the compiler, and a jar file containing stubs for the collection classes.
		By placing the collections jar file on the compiler's bootstrap class path, you can compile code that uses the generic collection classes documented in the public review draft.
	java.sun.com /developer/earlyAccess/adding_generics (250 words)

	The Design of Software - Bootstrapping a compiler from nothing.
		Type in bootstrapping a compiler from nothing into google and the first link is this one.
		Forth itself uses a very simple compiler that can be written in a few hundred bytes, placed on a kernel of a dew dozen machine language instructions.
		For instance if your target platform A DOESN'T have a compiler for language C you write it in platform B where there is implementation for language C. Then test binaries that you have created on platform B to move them to platform A for testing, if they work.
	discuss.joelonsoftware.com /default.asp?design.4.357910 (2052 words)

	Retargetable Assembly Code Generation by Bootstrapping - Leupers, Schenk, Marwedel (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Abstract: In a hardware/software codesign environment compilers are needed that map software components of a partitioned system behavioral description onto a programmable processor.
		Since the processor structure is not static, but can repeatedly change during the design process, the compiler should be retargetable in order to avoid manual compiler adaption for each alternative architecture.
		A restriction of existing retargetable compilers is that they only generate microcode for the target architecture...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /111010.html (491 words)

	[No title]
		¡6 ólb¨Structure of a Compilerª ó`V¨Parsing¨ZGiven an unambiguous, context free grammar, parsing is Recognition of an input string, i.e., deciding whether or not the input string is a sentence of the grammar Parsing of an input string, i.e., recognition of the input string plus determination of its phrase structure.
		Typically the compiler will use some look ahead and backtracking in attempting to make progress in the parse.
		There is great variation among compilers, though some languages (PL/C) carry a tradition of good error repair.
	www.uncp.edu /home/lilliec/Spring2005/CSC415-S05.ppt (830 words)

	DSS method used by old TOPAL, new TOPALi and RDP2 packages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The C and C++ programs in TOPAL may be compiled using the Bourne shell script, CompileProgs.
		There are two possible compilers which may be used to compile these programs: the GNU compilers (g++ and gcc) and the SUN cc compilers (CC and cc).
		To remove some of the subjectivity in deciding whether a peak is significantly large or not, a parametric bootstrapping test may be used.
	www.bioss.sari.ac.uk /~frank/Genetics/manual.html (3259 words)

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