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	Tswana
		Location: The Tswana people are associated with the country of Botswana, whose name means "Land of the Tswana." But most of the people of this language group live in the northeastern part of South Africa.
		This densely populated area is called Bophutatswana, meaning "The Place of Gathering of the Tswana." Lehurutse, Mafeking and Mmabatho are major cities on the South African side.
		Scattered segments of that area were called Bophutatswana as one of the home lands in apartheid South Africa.
	cesa.imb.org /peoplegroups/tswana.htm (1367 words)

	Platinum prices climb worldwide; demand, lost production threaten supply market American Metal Market - Find Articles
		Impala's mines are located within Bophutatswana, classified as an independent homeland state by South Africa and not subject, therefore, to South African labor laws.
		Bophutatswana bans the fl National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) from operating within its territory.
		It is clear, however, that NUM has a strong, unofficial presence at Impala and that this was a key factor in both the strike actions and the subsequent dismissals.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3MKT/is_v94/ai_4140822 (727 words)

	SAPA - 01 Jul 96 - TRUTH BODY TO HEAR MORE TALES OF ABUSES AT FREE STATE HEARING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		When Bophutatswana attained independence in 1977, South Sotho residents of Thaba'Nchu were targeted for harassment by homeland police.
		The commission will also hear how Bophutatswana police sponsored a vigilante group known as the Three Million Gang, which was responsible for attacks on United Democratic Front and African National Congress activists.
		Among the witnesses expected to appear before the commission is a former Bophutatswana MP, who will tell of his persecution by "comrades" for his involvement in the Dikwankwetha Party, and relatives of ANC guerillas who were killed in border skirmishes with security forces.
	www.doj.gov.za /trc/media/1996/9607/s960701b.htm (475 words)

	A short history of South Africa
		In In 1976/1988 South Africa establishes the so-called independent republics of Transkei, Ciskei, Bophutatswana and Venda.
		Transkei, Ciskei, Bophutatswana and Venda are re-incorporated into the country.
		The elections of 1994 are won by the African National Congress (ANC) and Nelson Mandela becomes president.
	www.electionworld.org /history/southafrica.htm (759 words)

	Sun City, North West - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sun City became the subject of considerable controversy in 1985 when E Street Band guitarist Steven Van Zandt made it the focus of his music-industry activist group, Artists United Against Apartheid.
		Sun City has continued to flourish since Bophutatswana was re-incorporated in the new South Africa in 1994.
		Sun City also has two international-standard 18-hole golf courses, the Gary Player Country Club and the Lost City Golf Course, both designed by Gary Player.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sun_City,_South_Africa (367 words)

	Golf Tours & Safaris - South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		It was built soon after the ‘Bophutatswana’ homeland was granted independence in 1977.
		Gambling was prohibited in South Africa at the time, but was allowed in the independent homelands, of which Bophutatswana was the second.
		The complex includes the superbowl which is a huge concert arena, four luxury hotels, two golf courses of which the one hosts the annual $2 million international golf challenge.
	www.greenjacket.co.za /SunCity.htm (141 words)

	DA-IFP an 'apartheid alliance', says Mbeki
		In 1992, the Concerned South African Group (Cosag) wanted to derail negotiations and impose a settlement that would result in a "Kingdom of KwaZulu-Natal" and an Afrikaner Volkstaat.
		This group, which included the Conservative Party of Ferdi Hartzenberg, Lucas Mangope of Bophutatswana, Oupa Gqozo of Ciskei and other rightwing groups, was prepared to use force to impose its will in the country.
		They attempted a disastrous armed insurrection in Bophutatswana.
	www.iol.co.za /general/avant_newsview.php?click_id=2902&art_id=ct20040326211059338N120191&set_id=6 (513 words)

	Tswana
		The Tswana people are associated with the country of Botswana, whose name means "Land of the Tswana." But most of the people of this language group live in the northeastern part of South Africa.
		The southern part of Bechuanaland was made a British crown colony and was incorporated into the union of South Africa in 1910.
		Scattered segments of that area were called Bophutatswana as one of the home lands in apartheid South Africa.
	strategyleader.org /profiles/tswana.html (1537 words)

	Bophutatswana (South African homeland)
		Bophuthatswana was re-incorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994 and ceased to exist as a separate political entity and the flag is no longer in use.
		In the Bophutatswana flags the tiger head seems to be the one really used.
		Perhaps it was taken from the first design adopted by the Legislative Assembly in 19 April 1972, that was red over green horizontal with white circle in center and within it a tiger head, and rejected November 1973 when the well know flag was adopted
	www.1uptravel.com /flag/flags/za-bw.html (595 words)

	JB Mining Supplies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		J.J.K. Botha was a member, decided to register a company with the name of: JB STAMP and Co Bophutatswana (Pty) Ltd., specifically for the purpose of handling all Mining Supplies.
		The 30th of June 1988, sees the closing down of JB Stamp and Co Rustenburg due to the previous 4-5 years of draught which, unfortunately lead to many liquidation in the agricultural industry and thousands of rand's bad debts.
		J.J.K. Botha, took over all the assets and liabilities of said Company as from the 1st of July 1988, and on the 7th of September 1988, JB Mining and Industrial suppliers (Pty) Ltd., registration number 68/14580/07 was registered.
	www.jbminingsupplies.co.za /index.htm (707 words)

	UN Commission on Human Rights - Report on Human Rights Violations in Southern Africa (Jan 95)
		In the so-called "homeland" of Bophutatswana, in March 1994 a wave of unrest and strikes, arising out of restrictions on free political activity and fears on the part of civil servants that their pension rights and salaries would not be protected by the administration, led to violent clashes.
		Intervention by the Afrikanerweerstandsbeweging (AWB) with the intention of upholding the administration of Bophutatswana worsened the situation, leading to further violence and deaths.
		In view of the fact that residents of Transkei and Venda had previously expressed their desire to participate in the elections and be reintegrated in the Republic of South Africa, the developments in Bophutatswana and Ciskei cleared the way to proceed with elections.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/commission/country51/23.htm (13448 words)

	The Herald : Columns
		What the President did do in his address was to throw the focus back to the months leading up to the 1994 general election when the “predicted apocalypse” saw a rush to purchase gas cylinders and stockpile canned food by people fearing the possible collapse of services and widespread violence.
		It is worth casting one’s mind back the 10 years to that period when, as the President noted, “our collective future was very uncertain”, as a motley crew of right-wingers moved to assist Bophutatswana strongman Lucas Mangope and the killings continued unabated in KwaZulu Natal.
		We have either all but forgotten or often ignore the fact that things have changed little for most of those people that benefited, willingly or not, from the decades of minority rule.
	www.theherald.co.za /colarc/cull/cu0902.htm (979 words)

	About Government - National Orders 2005 - Radebe
		Lucas Radebe was born on 12 April 1969 in Diepkloof, Soweto, and lived there to the age of 15, when his parents sent him to what was known as “Bophutatswana” because of the ongoing violence in their home area.
		He had always been a soccer fan and now began to play seriously for the ICL Birds in the Bophutatswana Soccer League, first as a goalkeeper and later in the midfield.
		In 1989 he came to the notice of talent scouts for the Kaizer Chiefs club, and was promptly signed-up.
	www.info.gov.za /aboutgovt/orders/2005/radebe.htm (419 words)

	SAMA: South African Medical Association
		A Winterveld mothers whose young son’s arms became gangrenous and had to be amputated because of alleged negligence at a rural hospital, has instituted a R6,8m damages claim against the North West Premier.
		A civil claim by Mamma Tema, who instituted a claim on behalf of her son Katlego, 12, was this week transferred from the Pretoria High Court to the Bophutatswana division.
		Court papers filed in the massive civil claim set out what happened to Katlego after he fell out of a tree and broke his forearm in September 2002.
	www.samedical.org /article.asp?pageid=22&ArticleID=1625 (259 words)

	Press Article Robert Kirby A New Breed of Censors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The "homelands" policy sought to hide from public view the country's most uncomfortable political fact: an overwhelming fl majority.
		Tuck them all away in the Transkei or Bophutatswana, pull the curtains and bolt the doors and you'll never know they're there.
		What freedom of expression was possible, even in the darkest days of the National Party nightmare, was principally because some producers and publishers and newspaper editors had the courage to shove plays and books and articles out into the open.
	www.cockroach.co.za /Webpages/Press1.htm (878 words)

	Botswana page
		During this disturbed period the people built hilltop forts of the kind found in Europe in pre-Roman time to move into when the Ndebele cattle raiders came.
		The area was annexed by Britain as the Bechuanaland Protectorate in 1884 but the southern half was given to the Cape Colony in 1885 and is now part of South Africa (formerly Bophutatswana).
		The whole was seen as part of the rail route from Cape Colony to Rhodesia.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/egmatthews/worldinfo/africa/botswana.html (555 words)

	African Elephant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		This slaughter of mature animals, in particular the matriarchs, is effectively destroying the knowledge base of the population, and is resulting in the development of "yob" elephants with little or no idea how to feed selectively.
		This was perceived when a group of young elephants introduced into Pilansburg Park in Bophutatswana were unable to look after themselves properly until adult cows were introduced and taught them how to forage systematically.
		It is this overall decrease in the average of the population and the resulting knowledge loss which is compounding the problem of overcrowding in the National Parks.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /resman/nrm/african_elephant.htm (4485 words)

	Economic interests made Swiss shy of sanctions (eng, NZZ Online)
		The export of so called dual-use goods that could be used for civilian or military purposes continued, as did the transfer of know-how and cooperation in nuclear research.
		He gives the example of PC-7 aircraft delivered to the Bophutatswana homeland and the export of explosives and chemicals to South Africa.
		Künzli says that although Switzerland was not a UN member and therefore was not bound by the sanctions, it should have respected them out of solidarity.
	www.nzz.ch /2005/07/01/eng/article5911536.html (398 words)

	Wesizwe Platinum Limited
		The President of the Republic of Bophutatswana, in trust for the Bakubung tribe, under chief David Gabonewe Monnakgotla: Deed of Transfer T9411 981 BP.
		The trust functions of the government are exercised by the Department of Land Affairs of the North West Province that act in accordance with tribal resolutions in matters regarding ownership of tribal land.
		The President of the Republic of Bophutatswana in trust for the Bakunung tribe under chief David Gabonewe Monnakgotla: Deed of Transfer T362/1984BP as endorsed on Deed of Transfer T28248/1 965BP.
	www.wesizwe.co.za /default.asp?pathid=about_us/exploration.htm (832 words)

	Flags of formerly independent states - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The list also contains flags of states that have been dissolved in to smaller states.
		Flag of Bophutatswana (independent 1977-1994; recognized by South Africa)
		Flag of Cabinda (de facto independent 1975-1976; current flags of independence movement FLEC are different)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flags_of_formerly_independent_states (666 words)

	JB Mining Supplies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		J.J.K. Botha was a member, decided to register a company with the name of: JB STAMP and Co Bophutatswana (Pty) Ltd., specifically for the purpose of handling all Mining Supplies.
		The 30th of June 1988, sees the closing down of JB Stamp and Co Rustenburg due to the previous 4-5 years of draught which, unfortunately lead to many liquidation in the agricultural industry and thousands of rand's bad debts.
		J.J.K. Botha, took over all the assets and liabilities of said Company as from the 1st of July 1988, and on the 7th of September 1988, JB Mining and Industrial suppliers (Pty) Ltd., registration number 68/14580/07 was registered.
	www.jbminingsupplies.co.za (707 words)

	abjaterskop.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Typically the homelands were situated in areas were the tribe originated from,(and with exception of the Transkei and Ciskei consisted of pockets of land spread out across the Southern African Countryside.
		These "independent" states were also referred to as the TBVC states (Transkei, Bophutatswana, Venda and Ciskei).
		Venda housed the Venda people, an indigenous tribe from the northern parts of South Africa.
	www.abjaterskop.com /diekop/Venda1a.html (2464 words)

	PRESENT AND FUTURE CHANGES IN SOUTH AFRICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		This is a policy of granting political independence to the old tribal homelands that were set up by the British in the last century.
		Brand-new mini-States such as Transkei, Ciskei and Bophutatswana have been created and members of the tribes rooted in these areas are henceforth regarded as merely 'guest-workers' in South Africa proper.
		The Southern border of the Bophutatswana homeland comes quite close to two of South Africa's three major cities -- Pretoria and Johannesburg.
	jonjayray.tripod.com /vale.html (1813 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
		He was serving a ten-month prison term and had filed an appeal when he was deported for the fourth time to South Africa, before the case was concluded.
		Since the Complainant did not have South African nationality, he was obliged to settle in the homeland of Bophutatswana.
		He lived there for seven years until the government of Bophutatswana issued a deportation order against him and he found himself in the no-man’s land between Bophutatswana and Botswana, where he remained for five weeks, when he was admitted into Botswana on a humanitarian basis.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/africa/comcases/97-93c.html (6416 words)

	CNN.com - South African white supremacist convicted of bombings - Nov. 12, 2003
		He and his khaki-clad band of supporters threatened to derail democratic elections in 1994 that marked the end of decades of white minority rule.
		But the group, which once claimed thousands of members, suffered humiliating setbacks, notably when several of its members were filmed being shot to death in a failed effort to prop up the faltering government of the nominally independent fl "homeland" of Bophutatswana shortly before the 1994 polls.
		Terre Blanche appealed to right-wing Afrikaner sentiment, organizing horseback possessions where armed followers flew banners emblazoned with a symbol reminiscent of the Nazi swastika.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/africa/11/12/safrica.terreblanche.reut/index.html (368 words)

	A Woman's Journey of Faith \| Messenger 41 2 2003
		The hot December sun was blazing down on our little, stripped-down Toyota (translation: no air-conditioning) as we waited at the border crossing into Bophutatswana.
		At the Bophutatswana crossing, it appeared we were the “wrong” colour and experienced what that was like.
		It took me a little while before I could thank God for this very important lesson, but it was an effective one.
	www.emconf.ca /Messenger/41_02/womans.htm (832 words)

	MILITARY HQ OF UMKHONTO WE SIZWE COMMENDS BOP DEFENCE FORCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		It is imperative that the Bophutatswana defence force take its rightful place in the formation of a new defence force, whose objective will be to uphold the be constitution and defend democracy at all times.
		The draconian measures taken by Mangope and the empty threats made by his racist friends, are but the last kicks of the dying horse.
		We support the right of all the people of Bophutatswana to demand free political activity and reincorporation into South Africa without fear or hindrance.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/pr/1994/pr0314.html (246 words)

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