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Topic: Borax

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	Borax Powder Profile
		Borax (Sodium borate) is a natural mineral which is widely used in the cosmetic industry.
		Borax is a very popular ingredient, simply because of its many varied applications, and its ease of use.
		Borax is found in creams, lotions, shampoos, gels, bath salts, and bath bombs.
	www.mountainroseherbs.com /learn/borax_powder.php (326 words)

	Borax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Borax is widely used in detergents, water softeners, soaps, disinfectants, and pesticides.
		Large amounts of borax pentahydrate are used for manufacturing insulating fibreglass and cellulose insulation as a fire retardant and anti-fungal compound.
		Borax is also used mixed with water as a flux when soldering jewelry metals such as gold or silver.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Borax (586 words)

	Borax bead test - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The borax bead test is a traditional part of qualitative inorganic analysis to test for the presence of certain metals.
		A small loop is made in the end of a platinum wire (as used in the flame test) and heated in a Bunsen flame until red hot.
		It is then dipped into powdered borax, and the adhering solid is held in the hottest part of the flame where it swells up as it loses its water of crystallization and then shrinks, forming a colourless, transparent glass-like bead (a mixture of sodium metaborate and boric anhydride),
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Borax_bead_test (256 words)

	Borax ( Na2B4O7. 10H2O ) — Sodium Borate — Occurrence, Discovery and Applications
		Borax is a form of hydrous sodium borate that occurs in and regions, forming from the evaporation of saline lakes.
		Borax is also known as tincal, from the Sanskrit word for the mineral, and the first deposits were discovered in Tibet in dry lake beds.
		In industry borax is used as a buffer, a dispersal agent, welding flux and to control viscosity.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=2588 (662 words)

	Crystallizing Borax
		Borax was a rare commodity until lake bed deposits were found in California in the 1850s.
		Borax was recovered by dissolving "cotton balls" made up of borate minerals in boiling water.
		Up to ten tons of borax was carried on giant wagons that were pulled by teams of 18 mules and 2 draft horses - the famous "20-mule teams." These teams averaged two miles an hour; as a result the round trip took 30 days to complete.
	galileo.phys.virginia.edu /Education/outreach/8thgradesol/CrystallizingBorax.htm (799 words)

	Borax Mineral,Hydrated Sodium Borate,Properties of Borax,Hydrated Calcium Borate
		Amongst the minerals, borax may be regarded to have taken a lead in industrial applications since early forties and now it is also regarded as a potential raw material for use as an additive in rocket fuel.
		Borax fuses at a low temperature and easily dissolves in different important elements like copper, chromium, cobalt, iron, nickel, and uranium giving different characteristic colours, the properties of which are utilized in the identification of minerals in borax-bead tests.
		Borax is recovered from the Searles Lake deposits as a by-product of potash recovery.
	mineralszone.com /minerals/borax.html (2148 words)

	borax. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Borax is a colorless, monoclinic crystalline salt; it also occurs as a white powder.
		Borax is widely and diversely used, e.g., as a mild antiseptic, a cleansing agent, a water softener, a corrosion inhibitor for antifreeze, a flux for silver soldering, and in the manufacture of enamels, shellacs, heat-resistant glass (e.g., Pyrex), fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals.
		Naturally occurring borax (sometimes called tincal) is found in large deposits in the W United States (Borax Lake in Death Valley, Calif.; Nevada; and Oregon) and in the Tibet region of China.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bo/borax.html (227 words)

	Music in Ghana :::: [www.musicinghana.com] -- profile of Borax [Kojo Folson]
		Borax took up the guitar during the final years in the secondary school and immediately began to realize his natural potential for the instrument.
		Borax matured into a musical artiste in his own right way when he recorded his first solo guitar album that was the "African Guitar Collection" in 1997 and followed up with his second, the "Mebo Me Guitar".
		Borax has released his third CD album which is a contemporary guitar collection of some of the most popular western and African gospel songs in all type of guitar forms from all over the world titled SENKUSEM.
	www.musicinghana.com /migsite/artist/bio.php?artid=72 (730 words)

	Borax Smith and the Tonopah & Tidewater Railroad - Page 1
		These properties included the borax plant at Harmony, the cottonball ulexite deposit within the Death Valley playa, the colemanite deposit at the Lila C. mine (southwest of the present day Death Valley Junction, at the edge of the Greenwater Range, Amargosa Desert), and the colemanite deposits at Mule Canyon near Calico in the Mojave Desert.
		To haul borax from the mill at Borate to the railhead at Daggett, Smith first used the 20 mule teams and wagons.
		Borax Smith was convinced that a railroad was the only answer to his transportation dilemma.
	www.ttrr.org /tt_text/ttpb_002.html (2462 words)

	Old Harmony Borax Works - LetsGoSeeIt.com
		Harmony Borax Works, in front of you, was one of Death Valley's first borax operations.
		Borax -- flsmiths used it, as have potters, dairy farmers, housewives, meat packers, and even morticians.
		The high cost of transportation made it necessary to refine the borax here rather than carry both borax and waste to the railroad, 165 miles (265 km) across the desert.
	www.letsgoseeit.com /index/county/inyo/death_valley/loc04/harmony.htm (500 words)

	Borax: The Twenty Mule Team.
		The Borax twenty mule team is one of the most memorable icons of the American West, and of the pioneers who transformed its mineral wealth into a foundation of modern industry throughout the world.
		Borax maintains its position as the world leader in borate chemistry and borate technology through its advanced mining facilities, refineries, and research and development laboratories.
		Borax was also touted as "excellent for washing carriages" and useful for curing epilepsy and bunions.
	www.scvhistory.com /scvhistory/borax-20muleteam.htm (2012 words)

	borax — FactMonster.com
		Borax is a colorless, monoclinic crystalline salt; it also occurs as a white powder.
		Borax is widely and diversely used, e.g., as a mild antiseptic, a cleansing agent, a water softener, a corrosion inhibitor for antifreeze, a flux for silver soldering, and in the manufacture of enamels, shellacs, heat-resistant glass (e.g., Pyrex), fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals.
		Naturally occurring borax (sometimes called tincal) is found in large deposits in the W United States (Borax Lake in Death Valley, Calif.; Nevada; and Oregon) and in the Tibet region of China.
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0808327 (268 words)

	Borax Borax (sodium tetraborate) : anvilfire.com FAQ
		Borax is used for brazing and forge welding flux.
		When using plain rods the end is heated and then dipped in some borax powder which sticks to the rod and begins to melt.
		Borax in the U.S. In 1988 the Dial (soap) Corporation bought the exclusive rights to make and sell such home pantry staples as 20-Mule-Team Borax all-purpose cleaner, Borateem stain remover and Boraxo powdered hand soap.
	www.anvilfire.com /21centbs/material/borax01.htm (532 words)

	The Borax Museum - LetsGoSeeIt.com
		This building was constructed in 1883 by F.M. "Borax" Smith, founder of the Pacific Coast Borax Co. The oldest house in Death Valley, it stood originally in Twenty Mule Team Canyon where it was office, bunk house and ore-checking station for miners at the Monte Blanco deposits.
		The borax was hauled to the nearest railroad by the use of Twenty Mule Teams hitched to ponderous wagons.
		When borax was discovered in the Calico Mountains early in the 1890’s, twenty mule teams hauled the ore from Borate to the railroad at Daggett.
	www.letsgoseeit.com /index/county/inyo/death_valley/loc03/museum.htm (1945 words)

	Catalyst: Borax Slime - ABC TV Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Read the safety instructions on the borax container before proceeding.
		Carefully add the borax to the water and stir well with the teaspoon until the borax has dissolved.
		Borax forms cross-links between the polymer chains in the polyvinyl alcohol.
	www.abc.net.au /cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?/catalyst/stories/s1476281borax_slime.htm (372 words)

	BORAX (Hydrated Sodium Borate)
		Borax is a complex borate mineral that is found in playa lakes and other evaporite deposits.
		Borax is directly deposited in arid regions from the evaporation of water in intermittent lakes called playas.
		The runoff is rich in the element boron and is highly concentrated by evaporation in the arid climate.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/carbonat/borax/borax.htm (268 words)

	Borax and the 20-Mule team in Death Valley
		Borax’s history in Death Valley goes back seven million years, to a time when volcanic activity and flash flooding hammered the land surface.
		The favored route for borax wagon trains traveling between the Harmony Borax Works and the railhead was through Wingate Pass – a natural route into and out of Death Valley –; and on across the desert to Mojave, California.
		“Borax” Smith’s initial enthusiasm for a proposal by Steven Mather to use the “20 Mule Team” as a corporate symbol was cool.
	www.desertusa.com /mag05/jul/borax.html (3197 words)

	Borax - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The most commercially important deposits are found near Boron, California and other locations in the American southwest, the Atacama desert in Chile, and in Tibet.
		Large amounts of borax are used for manufacturing insulating fibreglass and cellulose insulation as a fire retardant and anti-fungal compound.
		Some say that the use came from advertisement displays for the household clearer, though the use may also derive from the Yiddish word "borachs," meaning rented furniture.
	voyager.in /Borax (467 words)

	borax.cfm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		BORAX II, which operated at a higher power level, continued testing of the boiling water concept.
		BORAX IV was used to test new fuel designs, such as ceramic fuels.
		BORAX V was used to test new concepts for generating steam at higher temperatures.
	www.deq.state.id.us /inl_oversight/about/facilities/borax.cfm (195 words)

	Re: What is the chemistry behind borax crystals?
		For the decription of borax, please look at http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/carbonat/borax/borax.htm Crystallization from solution involves obtaining saturated solution, and bringing it to the point of supersaturation and nucleation.
		Borax can be crystallized in many shapes, but most of these crystals would still belong to the same monoclinic crystal form.
		Ideally, borax crystals are near-square prisms, but under certain conditions, they can grow into a variety of shapes, some of which resemble snowflakes.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/dec99/945381815.Ch.r.html (548 words)

	Borax on Ground Ivy: Boon or Bane?
		Borax is actually sodium tetraborate, a white, crystalline, mineral salt formed in the beds of ancient lakes millions of years ago.
		Research was conducted over the next two years, and they concluded that, dependent upon weather conditions, borax indeed could indeed match or exceed the performance of common herbicides' in eradicating ground ivy.
		Regardless of the type of material applied (broadleaf herbicide or borax), the key to successful control of ground ivy is proper application.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/hortnews/1997/8-22-1997/borax.html (943 words)

	Santa Clarita Valley History In Pictures - U.S. Borax
		Forty to sixty horses are often hitched to one of the lumbering vehicles in which the borax is slowly dragged across the sun-baked alkali plains.
		When it began in 1883, the borax was hauled out by eight and 12 mule teams to the railroad terminal at Daggett near Barstow in the Californian desert.
		Then 15,000 pounds of borax had to be unloadecl and pulled out of the mire by the mules.
	www.scvhistory.com /scvhistory/borax1799.htm (981 words)

	Harmony Borax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		After borax was found near Furnace Creek Ranch (then called Greenland) in 1881, William Tell Coleman built the Harmony plant and began to process ore in late 1883 or early 1884.
		During the summer months, when the weather was so hot that processing water would not cool enough to permit the suspended borax to crystallize, Coleman moved his work force to the Amargosa Borax Plant near present day Tecopa, California.
		The harmony operation became famous through the use of large mule teams and double wagons that hauled borax the long overland route to Mojave.
	www.nps.gov /deva/Harmony_borax.htm (288 words)

	Rio Tinto Borax : Home
		The twenty mule teams Borax used to haul ore out of the remote desert live on as a symbol of the company’s commitment to innovation.
		Today, Borax is acknowledged as the world leader in borate technology, research and development.
		Borax is a member of the Rio Tinto group.
	www.borax.com (175 words)

	Definition of borax - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Etymology: Middle English boras, from Anglo-French boreis, from Medieval Latin borac-, borax, from Arabic buraq, from Persian burah
		O, that occurs as a mineral or is prepared from other minerals, and that is used especially as a flux, cleansing agent, and water softener, as a preservative, and as a fireproofing agent
		See a map of "borax" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/borax (91 words)

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