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Topic: Border checkpoint

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	Road Block Registry: Federal Court Cases, US v. Ortiz, US Supreme Court
		That location is determined by high-level Border Patrol officials, using criteria that include the degree of inconvenience to the public and the potential for safe operation, as well as the potential for detecting and deterring the illegal movement of aliens.
		Due to the travel restrictions of the I-186 non-resident border crosser to an area 25 miles from the border (unless issued additional documentation) the checkpoints, as a general rule, are located at a point beyond the 25 mile zone in order to control the unlawful movement inland of such visitors.
		When the checkpoints, whether permanent or temporary, are in operation, an officer standing at the "point" in full dress uniform on the highway will view the decelerating oncoming vehicles and their passengers, and will visually determine whether he has reason to believe the occupants of the vehicles are aliens (i.
	www.roadblock.org /federal/caseUSortiz.htm (5950 words)

	Border Searches
		While a border patrol agent at an immigration checkpoint may refer a car to secondary inspection for any reason or no reason at all, the length of the detention is still limited by the immigration-related justification for the stop.
		Checkpoint with primary purpose of identifying illegal immigrants is constitutional, regardless of whether checkpoint has secondary purpose of drug interdiction, unless length of detention is insufficiently limited.
		Border agent had reasonable belief that the passenger might be armed and dangerous, as required for limited search of passenger for weapons, where dog alerted to passenger, agent knew, based on his experience and training, that weapons accompanied narcotics.
	www.k9fleck.org /bordersrch.htm (1171 words)

	OSCN Found Document:State v. Cardenas-Alvarez
		A federal border patrol agent, who exercises jurisdiction over the citizens of New Mexico, is fundamentally unlike a private actor because they act under a "cloak of authority." Unlike private actors, federal agents have the authority to implement permanent border patrol checkpoints and order individuals to stop, answer questions, and produce documentation.
		The Tenth Circuit permitted border patrol agents to direct an individual to a secondary area after the individual responded to questions about citizenship and his destination because the individual was evasive in responding to a question about the contents of containers in his vehicle.
		Thus, at the border, it would seem that a fixed checkpoint may be established for the dual purpose of detecting illegal immigration and preventing the smuggling of contraband.
	www.oscn.net /applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=242497 (15634 words)

	Border Patrol Catches Flak at Arizona Checkpoint
		Nationally, the Border Patrol budget grew from around $362 million in 1993 to between $700 and $800 million last year, and is projected to reach $900 million in 1998.
		Checkpoints, which force everyone on the road to pull over and be inspected, are particularly visible symbols of the crackdown.
		The Border Patrol is sensitive to charges that the crackdown is responsible for the deaths by forcing illegals to take greater and greater risks in order to enter the United States.
	www.aliciapatterson.org /APF1804/Davidson/Davidson.html (1572 words)

	Inland News \| PE.com \| Southern California News \| News for Inland Southern California
		It concluded there was not enough data to form an opinion about the checkpoints, which have been a source of frustration for the more than 260,000 motorists who pass them daily.
		The Temecula checkpoint was open 42 percent of the time last year, down from 63 percent in 2003.
		Border Patrol officials said the Temecula and San Clemente checkpoints might have leveled off in the number of arrests but that's because they have become deterrents, forcing smugglers to alternate routes.
	www.pe.com /localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_H_border26.e2c1747.html (921 words)

	Essex County opposes new Border Patrol checkpoint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The new four-lane checkpoint would require all southbound traffic to pull off the Adirondack Northway for inspection at Border Patrol booths.
		The Essex County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to oppose the Border Patrol stop as dangerous to motorists and unnecessary.
		Border Patrol Public Affairs Officer John Pheifer didn't return a call for comment Monday, but the Border Patrol has said in the past that it needs the North Hudson checkpoint to search for illegal aliens and terrorists.
	www.pressrepublican.com /Archive/2006/04_2006/040420061.htm (595 words)

	Feds to start Border Patrol checkpoint review North County Times - North San Diego and Southwest Riverside County News
		In a recent interview, a union representative at the Temecula Border Patrol station cited a 2003 memo from the station head at the time, stating that 300 agents would be needed at the Temecula station to do an effective job.
		The Californian recently reported that internal Border Patrol documents show the number of hours the Temecula checkpoint on Interstate 15 was in operation fell from more than 75 percent of the time two years ago to about 22 percent of the time in August.
		While the Border Patrol focuses almost all of its resources and manpower on the border itself, there are an estimated 8 million to 16 million illegal immigrants in the country, immigration observers say.
	www.nctimes.com /articles/2004/09/23/news/top_stories/22_45_429_22_04.txt (1096 words)

	LPNY -- On the Border Checkpoints in Essex County, NY
		The Border Patrol officers have a drug dog named Kirza with them sometimes, sniffing every car to go by, and any finds are passed along to the state police.
		Border Patrol thought that people might be trying to elude the checkpoint, so they now often have officers in marked and unmarked cars watching cars getting off the exit.
		U.S. v Martinez clearly distinguishes a fixed checkpoint from roving ones...they haven't yet made an exception for roving ones NEAR a fixed checkpoint, especially when there is significant traffic in the area that did NOT cross the border at all.
	www.ny.lp.org /legal/border_checkpoints.htm (622 words)

	NTSB - Brief HAB-05/03
		Approximately 0.9 mile before the checkpoint, a sign displayed the message “Vehicle Inspection Ahead When Flashing.” This sign was used in combination with a flashing beacon, which was not flashing at the time of the North Hudson I accident but was at the time of the North Hudson II accident.
		On January 17, 2004, a vehicle entered the checkpoint at a high rate of speed; the driver applied the brakes, causing the vehicle to skid and knock down 10 cones and a USBP emergency light.
		Issuance of a directive by USBP headquarters to all USBP sectors that operate traffic checkpoints to coordinate with their respective State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) to ensure that all checkpoints are using the required traffic safety control devices in compliance with guidelines recommended by their State DOTs.
	www.ntsb.gov /publictn/2005/HAB0503.htm (3187 words)

	US Border Patrol The Wall
		It is not a border or "border town" problem, because the problem exists in the Mexican enclaves in America as well as in Mexico itself.
		To the west is the United States Border Checkpoint and its monstrous 24 lanes of cars slowly edging forward to cross into the United States.
		The Calexico, California Border Checkpoint is a good example: It had a drug-crazed Mexican-involved shoot-out with US Border Patrolmen inside their office, a bomb, and a 100 mile high speed chase all in one day.
	www.usborderpatrol.com /borderframe1300.htm (4083 words)

	Island Vulnerability Borders
		Island Vulnerability explores the challenges which isolated geographies face when dealing with risk and disasters by examining the processes which create, maintain, and could be used to reduce their vulnerability.
		Border regions are often as isolated and otherwise marginalised geographies as islands.
		The border is marked by the end of the new road surface on the U.K. side and the start of permission to pass under risky conditions on the Irish side.
	www.islandvulnerability.org /borders.html (756 words)

	Iran closes border crossings with Iraq - Boston.com
		No other details were given but the report indicated that not all border crossings had been closed and that some pilgrims were allowed through elsewhere.
		Meanwhile, a member of the Iraqi border forces, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to talk to media, said that the closures involved the border checkpoint of Sheeb, in Maysan province, and the Shalamjaa border checkpoint in Basra province.
		The Shalamjaa crossing is a route most frequently used by pilgrims traveling from the predominantly Shiite Iran to the city of Karbala, 50 miles south of Baghdad, the Iraqi capital.
	www.boston.com /news/world/middleeast/articles/2007/01/28/iran_closes_border_crossings_with_iraq (421 words)

	Border Patrol Checkpoint on I-15
		Before the year 2000, the checkpoint was only a minor annoyance to the travelers on I-15, since delays were typically only a few minutes and five minutes at worst.
		It is undoubtedly true that the checkpoints must have some deterrent effect, and thus it is too simple-minded to claim that the statistics given above are the only benefits of the checkpoint.
		Note about the legality of the checkpoints: The Supreme Court ruled in 1976 (U.S. vs. Martinez-Fuerte, 428 U.S. 543) that such checkpoints are permitted at least 25 miles away from the border, the inspections are not a violation of privacy, and that inspectors may check every car.
	home.znet.com /schester/fallbrook/issues/temecula_checkpoint.html (1935 words)

	Border Patrol checks 'interior' - The Washington Times: Nation/Politics - June 11, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The arrests are in sharp contrast to a long-standing Border Patrol enforcement strategy that saw agents stationed exclusively along the U.S.-Mexico border and at nearby highway checkpoints as a deterrence to illegal immigration.
		Bonner, who has given the Border Patrol a front-line role in the nation's war against terrorists, weapons of mass destruction, illegal aliens and illicit narcotics, ordered Chief William T. Veal to recall an Aug. 8 memo ordering his 1,600 agents to make arrests only along the U.S.-Mexico border or at highway checkpoints.
		Border Patrol agents in San Diego had questioned whether Chief Veal had issued a lawful command and whether they should abide by it — particularly in view of the fact that many Border Patrol supervisors were instructing the line agents to disregard the order.
	washingtontimes.com /national/20040611-122136-3684r.htm (818 words)

	Hundreds zip across Palestinian border checkpoint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The opening of Gaza’s gate to the world and the revamping of the movement that was founded by Yasser Arafat could boost Abbas’ chances of beating back a challenge by the Islamic militant group Hamas in Jan. 25 parliamentary elections.
		The border was open for just four hours yesterday - a day after Palestinians took control with an inauguration ceremony - to give European monitors more time to settle in, but it will eventually operate 24 hours a day.
		For fenced-in Gazans, the opening of the border between Gaza and Egypt marked the most dramatic improvement in their lives since Israel withdrew from the coastal strip in September.
	www.columbiatribune.com /2005/Nov/20051127News025.asp (386 words)

	Permanent checkpoint proposed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Area leaders have seen enough of it to sharply criticize it, saying a permanent checkpoint is unnecessary and would impede commerce and pose a safety risk.
		It has long maintained that the checkpoint is an essential tool in fighting drug trafficking, illegal immigration and terrorism.
		Drug-runners, for example, circumvent the major border crossings by using smaller back roads or exploiting the Mohawk Reservation at Akwesasne, which spans the border, and follow secondary roads to the Northway.
	www.pressrepublican.com /Archive/2006/03_2006/031620062.htm (743 words)

	Iraq closes border checkpoint with Iran without notice
		Shalamcheh, Khuzestan prov, March 28, IRNA-Iraqi border guards closed Monday 'Shalamcheh' border checkpoint, 16 Km west of Persian Gulf city of Khorramshahr, to prevent entry of Iranian pilgrims, on the eve of an important Shia holy day.
		A report from an informed source says Iraqi border guard since early Monday prevented Iranian trucks carrying goods and merchandise to enter Iraq from the border checkpoint and increased its security guards in the area.
		It was also reported that the border checkpoint will be closed untill next Sunday.
	www.payvand.com /news/05/mar/1217.html (146 words)

	Easing Border Barriers - Connecting Nations, Linking People - ADB.org
		In addition to developing transport networks in the GMS, reducing the time spent at border checkpoints and harmonizing rules and regulations on border-crossing formalities are integral to fully realizing the subregion’s development potential.
		This means that the officials of countries with common borders help each other perform their duties by carrying out inspections jointly and simultaneously.
		The first testing is taking place at the Dansavanh- Lao Bao border and aims at joint, simultaneous inspection by customs officials of the two countries at the border checkpoint at the country of entry.
	www.adb.org /Documents/Brochures/GMS_Connecting_Nations/border-barriers.asp (836 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Opinion / Op-ed / The 'Whiteness Checkpoint'
		When that barrier was first set up in December 2003, ostensibly to fight terrorism, Border Patrol agents stopped every driver to ask, "American citizen?" But long before summer, they started waving white people like me right on through.
		Yet today's leaders claim 9/11 somehow "changed everything." Stoking our fears to squelch dissent, they have created an unprecedented America: one in which citizens must pass internal checkpoints, can have their privacy invaded without warrant, can be detained for years without trial, and can inflict -- or suffer -- officially sanctioned levels of torture.
		The checkpoint says "security" is more important than liberty, that we need to elect people who are "strong" enough to weaken our constitutional freedoms.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/01/17/the_whiteness_checkpoint (593 words)

	CNN.com - Thailand shuts Myanmar border checkpoint - February 13, 2001
		The border checkpoint at Mae Sai, which came under mortar attack during the hostilities, had opened temporarily when Thai and Myanmar forces agreed on a ceasefire Monday.
		The checkpoint, one of three principal crossing points along the more than 2,000 kilometer (1,250 mile) long Thai-Myanmar frontier, was closed Sunday when the fighting started.
		Wanthip, the border force official, estimated about 20 Myanmar soldiers were killed and 100 were injured.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/02/13/thailand.border (648 words)

	CNN.com - Anderson Cooper 360° Blog
		While we were at the border "shack," other cars just zoomed by; not necessarily because the motorists were up to no good, but because many perceive the shack with the faulty phone to be a cumbersome waste of time.
		The bulk of the aquatic border (around Warroad east to the edge of Lake of the Woods; and International Falls east to Lake Superior) is true wilderness.
		If we put a border patrol post every 1/2 mile, that would be 7000 border patrols...and there would still be 1/2 mile gaps that anyone with the ability to walk could just slip through.
	www.cnn.com /CNN/Programs/anderson.cooper.360/blog/2006/05/border-checkpoint-relies-on-honor.html (7510 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		The Fourth Amendment held to forbid Border Patrol officers, in the absence of consent or probable cause, to search private vehicles at traffic checkpoints removed from the border and its functional equivalents, and for this purpose there is no difference between a checkpoint and a roving patrol.
		United States, 413 U.S. (1973), required probable cause for all vehicle searches in the border area, whether conducted by roving patrols or at traffic checkpoints.
		Maroney, 399 U.S. We are not persuaded that the differences between roving patrols and traffic checkpoints justify dispensing in this case with the safeguards we required in Almeida-Sanchez.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /cgi-bin/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=us&vol=422&invol=891 (6071 words)

	Checkpoint America :: Intervention Magazine :: War, Politics, Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Border Patrol checkpoints deep in the interior of the United States raise the specter of Soviet-style surveillance, and may be intended merely to habituate the public to such police intrusions.
		It might seem strange for the Border Patrol to begin monitoring the nationâs interior, but a legal loophole extends its jurisdiction a hundred miles from any international boundary, and the agency that cannot even control the Mexican border is using that technicality to dilute its effectiveness even further.
		Before the logic of a mid-state border checkpoint is taken very far, we will be expected to carry passports at all times, like Napoleonic subjects.
	www.interventionmag.com /cms/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1076 (1388 words)

	U.S. Plans to Plug Afghans' Porous Border
		The plan came to light at an investment conference sponsored by the U.S. Embassy at which officials dangled hundreds of millions of dollars in prospective supply contracts and construction projects before a group of local and foreign businesspeople in hopes of spurring interest in Afghanistan's reconstruction and of boosting the economy.
		Karl W. Eikenberry described the construction and supply of a border checkpoint chain as a "guaranteed market." The general, who is in charge of the U.S. military's training of a new Afghan army, did not say how the border police unit would be staffed.
		A contract to build the checkpoints could be awarded as early as April, and they could be in operation in two to three years, Munoz said.
	www.immigrationshumancost.org /text/afghan-border.html (698 words)

	Diplomatic Diary: Croatia, Serbia open border checkpoint (SETimes.com)
		Croatian Prime Minister Ivo Sanader and Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica opened a border checkpoint on Friday.
		Sanader and Kostunica also opened the modernised border checkpoint at Batrovci-Bajakovo, which was co-financed by the EU Croatian Interior Minister Ivica Racan and his Slovenian counterpart, Dragutin Mate, met in Rovinj on Tuesday (18 July), to discuss bilateral co-operation in relation to the summer tourist season.
		Talks reportedly focused on concrete activities at mutual borders, as well as boosting security in resorts in the two countries.
	www.setimes.com /cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/roundup/2006/07/25/roundup-dd-03 (312 words)

	New Border Checkpoint Links Bulgaria Turkey :: Bulgaria Real Estate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The checkpoint estimated at EUR 6 M is part of the trans-Balkan corridor Lessovo-Yambol-Karnobat-Shoumen-Silistra.
		The new border checkpoint is the first to be opened in the country for the last 16 years.
		Lessovo-Hamzabeyli border checkpoint is built under the intergovernmental agreement between Bulgaria and Turkey, signed in 1997.
	www.motoroads.com /AID_261_New_Border_Checkpoint_Links_Bulgaria__Turkey.aspx (409 words)

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