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Topic: Border Reivers

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	Elliott (and Border Reivers) DNA Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Elliotts are the descendants of an Anglo-Scottish Border Clan that settled in Liddesdale and Teviotdale in the fourteenth century.
		Border Reivers were a group of Anglo-Scottish families that conducted raids against towns, farms and even fortresses during some of the most turbulent years in British history.
		Border Reivers became so inured to the continual strife in their lives that, when they baptized their sons, they left the right hand unblessed, so that it might wield a sword.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~gallgaedhil/elliott_border_reivers_dna.htm (3471 words)

	Encyclopedia: Border Reivers
		Border Reivers were raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border (Border country), for nearly three hundred years from the late 13th century to the end of the 16th century, although their heyday was perhaps in the last hundred years of their existence.
		The Border country is the hilly area of Lowland Scotland on the border between Scotland and England.
		The Border Reivers website includes the story of the Reivers and their families on both sides of the Border, in England as well as in Scotland.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Border-Reivers (468 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Border Reivers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		English raiders were reported to have hit the outskirts of Edinburgh (The capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth), and Scottish raids were known as far south as Yorkshire (A former large county in northern England; in 1974 it was divided into three smaller counties).
		Many reivers collected tribute from more peaceful folk to spare them from attack; this was called "flmail" or "fl rent," and this is where the term "flmail (Extortion of money by threats to divulge discrediting information) " entered the English language.
		Long after they were gone, the reivers were romanticized by writers such as Sir Walter Scott (British author of historical novels and ballads (1771-1832)), although he got some things wrong---the term "moss-trooper" more correctly refers to one of the robbers that existed after the real reivers had been put down.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bo/border_reivers.htm (542 words)

	Border Reivers
		Border blood was thick and clan loyalties endured beyond the union of the crowns and was not replaced by the feudal system.
		Reivers had endured such purges in the past but this time the border headmen joined in the proceedings against their own kinsmen.
		Although the Reiver's conduct may seem deplorable and most of it probably was, his spirit nevertheless remains undaunted and we look back in the mists of time and remember the reiver as a brave, forceful, fighting man, somewhat romantic in the passage of time, and always ready to ride in the moonlight.
	www.nwlink.com /~scotlass/border.htm (10823 words)

	About the Border Reivers
		The border reiver, in modern terms, could be described as a small-holder or gentleman farmer, but he was also a professional castle rustler.
		Some historians would say that the reivers lifestyle developed as constant violent upheaval of the border meant that people were pushed into reiving as a retaliation for their lands being invaded, and pillaged by enemy armies.
		The Border Reivers - the story of the Reivers and their families on both sides of the Border.
	www.reivers-guide.co.uk /borderreivers.htm (552 words)

	Border Reivers Introduction
		The heyday of the Border Reivers was the 15th and 16th Centuries, when England and Scotland were two separate, warring nations.
		Many Borderers wore their nationality lightly, and there were many marriages between Scottish and English families.
		Borderers farmed mainly cattle and sheep, as crops could be burned.
	www.tynedaleheritage.org /Resources/ReiversMain.htm (316 words)

	Cumbria - The Border Reivers Trail
		From the 14th to the 17th Century, the western end of the border between Scotland and England was a turbulent and lawless place.
		The border 'Reivers' (an old name for robber or bandit) carried out raids in which their victims lost their cattle, and sometimes their lives.
		A leaflet has been published 'In search of the Border Reivers', listing many sites in Cumbria, Dumfries and Galloway, and Northumbria, that are of historical importance, and which are accessible to visitors.
	www.visitcumbria.com /reivers.htm (196 words)

	Border Reivers
		The Borderer quickly came to realise that due to the sudden and brutal nature of the conflict, that the government who claimed his allegiance could provide him with neither justice nor protection and that his only strength and safety lay with his family, or clan.
		James affirmed that the borders were now "the heart of the country" and that "no supply should be given to all rebels and disorderly persons, their wives or their bairnes (children) and that they be prosecuted with fire and sword".
		Some clans that had been active Reivers hastily abandoned their reiver connections and sought and found favour with the King and joined in the subjugation of the old reiving families, often with great enthusiasm.
	www.sorbie.net /border_reivers.htm (3929 words)

	:: The Border Telegraph >> Melrose, Selkirk and Central Borders ::
		For 40 minutes, Border Reivers lived and competed for a Premiership rugby lifestyle; for the next 40 they realised they were living in a totally alien environment.
		Reivers had to battle hard to contain the powerful Falcons pack, but when the score did come, it arrived at the other end.
		Reivers lifted their own game and Nikki Walker and Sititi came so close to a try, but the game ran away from them and Ben Woods scored Falcons’ sixth try and Burke split the posts with the conversion.
	www.bordertelegraph.com /?module=displaystory&story_id=859&format=html (803 words)

	The Border Reivers
		The Border people had learned to live rough, move at a moment's notice and obtain food and possessions by fair means or foul.
		However the Border Reivers have reached their 'heyday' and people are reluctant to give up their way of life by plunder and pillage.
		The reivers preferred the winter for there illegal activities due to the long nights and cattle were better for moving in the winter.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /wilkinson_potts/familyhistoryborderreivers.htm (942 words)

	The Border Reivers
		By the beginning of the 16th Century, Borderers were caught up in a never ending cycle of feuding, violence and destruction; realising that their respective Governments had neither the will nor the power to protect them, they naturally turned to their families for protection.
		Border Reivers were born into into the saddle and with a plentiful supply of these fell-ponies became expert well mounted horsemen.
		Legend has it that Reiver children were baptised with their fighting hand covered, so that it was unchristened to allow it to be used in unholy fashion conducting feuds against their enemies.
	home.btclick.com /testoff (2170 words)

	Culture - History - Border Reivers
		Living on the Borders was not a pleasant existence in those times, and for security the borderers grouped together into their clans.
		On the English side of the Border constables were brought in from further south so that they had no connection with those already there and could, it was believed, police them better.
		The memory of the Reivers is clear in Galashiels, where a fine monument of a rider on his horse greets the visitor.
	www.ulsterscotsagency.com /borderreivers.asp (1430 words)

	Border Reivers
		The term reivers was applied collectively to a number of families who were classed as “riding families:” i.e., they habitually raided on horseback.
		The “Borders” stretch across Scotland from the Solway Firth in the west to Berwick-Upon- Tweed in the east.
		Reivers were laborers, gentleman farmers, peers of the realm, fighting men, and professional cattle rustlers.
	www.clanmaxwellusa.com /border.htm (1066 words)

	Legends - Shake Loose the Border (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Border Ballads, with texts fron Child and Scott's Minstrelsy, classified as ballads of the West Marches, ballads of the Middle Marches, and supernatural ballads.
		In Search of the Border Reivers is the official home of the Reivers Project, devoted to the Borders; if you can't read the front page go directly to the the text version.
		Albion's Seed Grows in the Cumberland Gap at the University of Virginia uses excerpts from Albion's Seed to illustrate the folk culture of the Borders that was transplanted to the Cumberland Gap area in the eighteenth century; of particular relevance is The Borders of North Britain--an Introduction to Border Culture.
	legends.duelingmodems.com /ballads/borders.html (961 words)

	Boardgame News
		You play a Border clan, warring with and raiding your neighbours, fortifying your borders and taming the landscape as you try to establish your dominance of the Borders through the 15th and 16th Centuries.
		Border Reivers is a game of strategy, warfare and chance for 2 to 4 players, aged 12 to adult.
		The rules for Border Reivers, which is limited to 100 hand-assembled copies, are available on the Reiver Games website.
	www.boardgamenews.com /index.php/boardgamenews/comments/under_the_radar_border_reivers_the_initial_release_from_reiver_games (771 words)

	Elliott Clan and Border Reivers DNA FAQ Page
		Elliott, the Group Administrator of the Elliott (And Border Reivers) DNA Project, the project's purpose is to study the Y-DNA profiles of certain Anglo-Scottish families known to history as the "Border Reivers".
		Initially their research was confined to surnames that belong to, and or had interaction with, the "Border Reivers" or the "Riding Surnames".
		This patrilineal Y-DNA surname study is designed to test the Y-DNA profiles of members of the various Border Reiver families found along the Anglo-Scottish Border, including descendants of 'transplants' to Ulster, the United States, Canada, Australia, and around the world.
	www.rpwakefield.freeservers.com /elldna2.htm (1814 words)

	BBC SPORT \| Rugby Union \| My Club \| Borders \| Border Reivers 19-29 Northampton
		Reivers grabbed the lead in the seventh minute through hooker Ross Ford's try after a line-out.
		Captain Calum MacRae, who also kicked two conversions, scored a late try for Borders to bring the gap down but the result of the match was already beyond doubt.
		The match had been switched to Murrayfield after the pitch at the Reivers' normal home of Netherdale was deemed unplayable because of heavy rain.
	news.bbc.co.uk /sport1/hi/rugby_union/my_club/borders/6246227.stm (344 words)

	This is The North East \| CommuniGate \| The Border Reivers
		Their meagre, largely unproductive farms barely supporting their families and they were frequently harassed by invading armies who at best required feeding but would often destroyed their crops, steal their livestock and unhesitatingly killed if they were resisted.
		There were English reivers as well as Scottish and they did not only direct their activities to their enemy on the other side of the Border.
		You will find a list of border families on the Border Reivers website and details of many sites which can be visited.
	www.communigate.co.uk /ne/theborderreivers/index.phtml (259 words)

	BBC - Legacies - Myths and Legends - Scotland - Borders - The Border Reivers
		From the 13th Century through to the beginning of the 17th, the border lands between England and Scotland were home to the Reivers, lawless gangs who survived by plundering livestock, but who also engaged in other practises such as kidnapping and racketeering.
		The lives and deeds of the Reivers were celebrated in the famous Border Ballads, popularised by Sir Walter Scott in the 18th Century.
		However, as a keen historian of the Scottish borders, it is likely that he would have known that the Reivers lived in harsh, unforgiving conditions and were undoubtedly courageous, but also ruthless and at times cruel.
	www.bbc.co.uk /legacies/myths_legends/scotland/borders (185 words)

	Axe falls on Border Reivers - Rugby
		Floundering Magners League outfit Border Reivers are to be disbanded, the Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) has said.
		Reivers are rock-bottom in the Magners league, chalking up only their second victory of the season against Edinburgh last weekend.
		Borders' Scottish international Chris Cusiter is unlikely to be short of suitors from English, French, Irish and Welsh clubs.
	sport.monstersandcritics.com /rugby/article_1283524.php/Axe_falls_on_Border_Reivers (270 words)

	www.borderreivers.co.uk
		The clans and families of the Borders were able to endure the struggle for survival due to their strength of character and their bonds of kinship.
		As one successive generation of reiving families followed another, the skills of rustling and raided were refined until they became an art of which the reivers were proud.
		Those with Border surnames scattered throughout the world can relate directly to the people of that region, and to those times.
	www.borderreivers.co.uk (230 words)

	The Steel Bonnets - George MacDonald Fraser
		The Steel Bonnets is a broad survey of the Border reivers: "the tribal leaders from their towers, the broken men and outlaws of the mosses, the ordinary peasant of the valley" who plundered, robbed, and destroyed each other's lands back and forth across the Anglo-Scottish border.
		There has always been enmity across the two sides of the border, but, as Fraser points out, the whole region is also one that kept its distance from the rest of both Scotland and England, the reivers often closer to each other (certainly in spirit) than to distant Edinburgh or London.
		He doesn't romanticize the reivers (as many do), making clear that they could be brutal, lazy, and didn't always have much sense of honour (or, at best, a very skewed such sense).
	www.complete-review.com /reviews/frasergm/sbonnets.htm (728 words)

	The History of the Border Reivers
		This is the land of the Border Reivers.
		The many towns and settlements that were raided, the fortified churches and the defensive walls and dykes dating back to Elizabeth I and her forbears.
		And on the Reivers side, there are the secret places of sanctuary, the lairs they fled to in the heat of pursuit, the 'hot-trod'; mosses and wastes where pursuing posses could find themselves at a distinct disadvantage; hidden valleys where one thousand head of cattle could be spirited away.
	www.holiday-lakeland.co.uk /reivers/history.htm (655 words)

	The Border reivers, both English and Scottish, and the story of Kinmont Willie
		It is said that the wife of one famous Border Reiver demonstrated that her larder was empty by serving her husband his spurs on a plate instead of his dinner.
		On his head the Reiver would typically wear a steel bonnet and a quilted jacket of stout leather sewn with plates of metal or horn to protect his body.
		Although the Reiver carried a variety of weapons including sword, dagger and axe, his preferred weapon was the ‘lang spear’ or Border lance.
	www.historic-uk.com /HistoryUK/Scotland-History/BorderReivers.htm (1382 words)

	The Border Reivers Northumberland Northumbria England UK GB (page 232)
		Reiver Country is named after the feuding border families who fought and raided each others homes in the 14th-16th centuries.
		The tradition of the tartan being used by border shepherds continued until the days of the Border Reivers in the 15th and 16th Centuries.
		After the Highland clearances, a number of border shepherds were encouraged to move to the north of Scotland.
	www.northumberland.gov.uk /vg/reivers.html (848 words)

	BBC - Cumbria - Enjoy Cumbria - The Border Reivers
		The Border Revier, in modern terms, could be described as a small-holder or gentleman farmer, but he was also a professional cattle rustler.
		The Border country was divided for administrative purposed into three Marches - East, Middle and West - with a boundary for the English and Scottish side of each March.
		The warden's duties were to defend the frontier against invasion from the opposite realm in wartime, and in peace to put down crime and co-operate with the Wardens across the Border for the maintenance of law and order.
	www.bbc.co.uk /cumbria/content/articles/2006/09/13/the_border_reivers_feature.shtml?page=2 (518 words)

	Border Reivers Map: genealogy map: Border Art - Our genealogy clan maps of Scotland and Ireland and Irish and Scottish ...
		Border Reivers Map: genealogy map: Border Art - Our genealogy clan maps of Scotland and Ireland and Irish and Scottish clan crest merchandise will help you discover the lands of your ancestors and the origins of your clan or family name.
		This exquisite map of the Scottish Border Reivers from Gill Humphrys measures 22 x 13 inches and shows the areas of Border conflict and the home territories of the Reiver Families through the years 1500 to 1700.
		In addition to showing the locations of all the main border Families,it also features the march boundaries, the main battle sites, the Pele towers, the main valleys and rivers, and the Roman Wall.Printed on high quality the map will appeal to both historians and genealogists alike.
	www.borderart.co.uk /prodpage.asp?ProdID=1 (241 words)

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