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	Boreal Forest of North America - Woods Hole Research Center
		Over the past 30 years, global boreal forests have experienced a significant amount of warming and drying which, if trends continue as predicted, are likely to induce feedbacks that may further influence global climate.
		Increased temperatures in the boreal region release large quantities of carbon previously immobilized in the cold and frozen soils.
		It is estimated that boreal forests and woodlands cover approximately 14.5% of the earth's land surface, comprising an area of nearly 16 million square kilometers (5.7 million square miles) — or about the size of the conterminous United States.
	www.whrc.org /borealnamerica/index.htm (602 words)

	Boreal Toad - Colorado Division of Wildlife
		In Colorado, the boreal toad is restricted to the southern part of the Rocky Mountains and is found at elevations between 7,000 and 12,000 feet.
		Habitat: Distribution of the boreal toad is restricted to areas with suitable breeding habitat in spruce-fir forests and alpine meadows.
		Boreal toads feed on a wide range of invertebrates and insects, including flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, beetles and moths.
	wildlife.state.co.us /WildlifeSpecies/Profiles/ReptilesAndAmphibians/Boreal.htm (192 words)

	Boreal Owl
		HABITAT: Boreal Owls are circumpolar, occupying subalpine and northern, or boreal, forests around the globe.
		Boreal Owls sit and wait on a perch for prey and then swoop down upon it.
		Depending on the prey population the Boreal Owl may be monogamous (1 male, 1 female), polygynous (1 male, 2 or more females) or polyandrous (2 or more males, 1 female).
	www.peregrinefund.org /Explore_Raptors/owls/boreal.html (325 words)

	NRDC: The Canadian Boreal Forest
		The thick layers of moss, soil and peat of the boreal are the world's largest terrestrial storehouse of organic carbon and play an enormous role in regulating the Earth's climate.
		Elders of communities in the boreal forest talk of being "born on the ground" -- literally born outside in the boreal forest.
		Canada's boreal is one of the earth's last remaining "frontier forests" -- relatively undisturbed forests large enough to maintain their biodiversity.
	www.nrdc.org /land/forests/fboreal.asp (969 words)

	Boreal Forest
		The forest ecosystem of the boreal region is a green belt of conifer and deciduous trees that acts as part of the largest source and filter of fresh water on the planet.
		Canada's boreal forest is the largest contiguous intact forest left on earth, covering 35 per cent of the country's land mass and stretching across the north from Newfoundland to the Yukon.
		The boreal is often referred to as the "lungs of the planet", and has a daily rhythm of breathing in carbon dioxide and breathing out oxygen.
	www.davidsuzuki.org /Forests/Forests_101/boreal.asp (585 words)

	borealforest.org
		Also characteristic of the boreal forest are innumerable water bodies: bogs, fens, marshes, shallow lakes, rivers and wetlands, mixed in among the forest and holding a vast amount of water.
		The boreal forest in the southern Appalachians is disjunct and, due to its relatively small areal coverage, is regarded as a highly endangered ecosystem.
		Locked up in the Boreal forests are vast amounts of carbon, and their biomass is so huge and so vital that when they are in their maximum growth phase during the northern spring and summer, the worldwide levels of carbon dioxide fall and the worldwide levels of oxygen rise.
	www.borealforest.org /index.php?category=world_boreal_forest&page=overview (3466 words)

	Boreal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In ecology, "Boreal" is usually applied to ecosystems localized to subarctic (Northern hemisphere) and subantarctic (Southern hemisphere) zones, although Austral is also used for the latter.
		A "boreal forest", also known as the taiga, is the set of forest ecosystems that can survive in northern, specifically subarctic, regions.
		The ecosystems that lie immediately to the south (in the Northern hemisphere) or to the north (in the Southern hemisphere) of boreal zones are often called hemiboreal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boreal (209 words)

	Boreal Forest - Ecoregions - Sierra Club
		Although, the boreal forest conjures up images of vast pristine wilderness, an unending expanse of conifers in an area that has been left untouched by human interference and industrial development, it is increasingly threatened by a range of resource extraction and other activities.
		In North America, the boreal ecoregion extends from Alaska to Newfoundland, bordering the tundra to the north and touching the Great Lakes to the south.
		Also characteristic of the boreal are innumerable water bodies: bogs, fens, marshes, shallow lakes, rivers and wetlands, mixed in among the forest and holding a vast amount of water.
	www.sierraclub.org /ecoregions/boreal.asp (879 words)

	Boreal Owl: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		The boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) is a common but rarely seen bird of the boreal forest in Alaska.
		Female boreal owls average 6.4 ounces (179 gms) and are larger than males at 3.8 ounces (106 gms).
		The boreal owl is rarely seen because it is mainly nocturnal and solitary.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/bird/borealow.php (786 words)

	Boreal Forests Provide Billions in Uncounted Benefits
		Boreal forests provide $225 billion in ecological services, including water filtration and carbon capture, according to estimates released Monday by Canadian researchers.
		Anielski said the boreal is "like a giant carbon bank account," with forests and peatlands of region storing an estimated 67 billion metric tons of carbon in Canada alone - a figure that is eight times the amount of carbon produced worldwide in 2000.
		The amount of carbon absorbed and sequestered by the Canadian boreal each year is worth $1.6 billion, Anielski said, based on figures about the price of carbon emissions created by the global insurance industry.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/sep2006/2006-09-25-03.asp (701 words)

	eNature: Birds & Birding: Boreal Birds
		During the breeding season, the Boreal is home to nearly 300 species of landbirds, including more than half of the global population of approximately 40 species of landbirds and 80% of the global population of 14 species of landbirds.
		Of the 298 bird species that have some of their breeding grounds in the Boreal Forest, at least 40 species of land birds and several species of ducks are already experiencing population declines in part due to habitat loss from logging and oil and gas development.
		The Boreal Conservation Framework proposes a new approach to balancing conservation and economic development: the establishment of a network of large interconnected protected areas covering at least half of Canada’s boreal region, and the use of cutting-edge sustainable development practices, such as Forest Stewardship Council certification, in remaining areas.
	www.enature.com /boreal (782 words)

	Boreal Wood Flooring from County Floors - Exotic and Domestic
		The sapwood of boreal is white to faint yellow, while the heartwood is grayish-white to light brown in color.
		Boreal is not overly durable in its exposed form with regards to decay.
		Boreal can be somewhat difficult to dry properly but does so fairly quickly.
	www.countyfloors.com /species_boreal.html (178 words)

	NPR : The Birds of the Boreal
		Thomas says the Boreal is underappreciated, even by those who profess to love the birds that depend on it.
		She says Americans should be concerned about the Boreal because it is the breeding ground for many birds that are beloved in the United States.
		In this map, the Boreal Forest, in dark and light green, is shown stretching across Canada.
	www.npr.org /programs/re/archivesdate/2003/oct/boreal/index.html (925 words)

	The Bountiful Boreal - National Wildlife Magazine
		âThe boreal is a mecca for all the colorful warblers and songbirds American birders enjoy on a regular basis,â says Peter Blancher, a researcher with Bird Studies Canada and author of the report Importance of Canadaâs Boreal Forest to Landbirds.
		BOREAL DENIZENS that rely on the forest for at least part of the year include (clockwise from left): the American robin, peregrine falcon, caribou, dark-eyed junco, American white pelican and spruce grouse.
		In Russiaâs boreal, which is even larger than North Americaâs, a whopping 25 million acres are burning annually, although poor records from the Soviet era make it difficult to ascertain whether this is actually an increase.
	www.nwf.org /nationalwildlife/article.cfm?issueid=70&articleid=989 (2699 words)

	Boreal Songbird Initiative : The Boreal and Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Historically, the Whooping Crane nested primarily in prairie marshes and in aspen parkland and boreal wetlands.
		The breeding grounds is an area of boreal spruce, tamarack, and willow forest growing on narrow ridges interspersed with shallow, bulrush-vegetated potholes.
		The Boreal Songbird Network is a network of groups interested in raising awareness in the U.S. about the importance of the Boreal Forest to migratory birds.
	www.borealbirds.org /birdguide/BD0605_species.html (1218 words)

	Forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In fact, the boreal, named after Boreas, the Greek god of the north wind, is the largest intact terrestrial ecosystem in the world, and Canada's portion alone represents 25 percent of the world's remaining frontier forests.
		Scandinavia's boreal became a heavily managed industrial forest decades ago, and the Siberian boreal is rapidly being cut to fund the cash-starved Russian economy.
		Raked by glaciers, the land beneath the boreal forest tends to be grooved or gently rolling, and consists of a tight mosaic of randomly deposited glacial substrates.
	magazine.audubon.org /features0509/forests.html (3745 words)

	Boreal Owl - Raptor Center at the University of Minnesota
		Boreal owls appear similar to the saws-whet owl but are larger.
		The boreal owl is a cavity nester that will also use nest boxes, particularly in Europe.
		Population densities and migrations of the boreal owl can be tied to rodent populations.
	www.raptor.cvm.umn.edu /raptor/info/borealowl.html (309 words)

	Canadian Boreal Initiative
		The Canadian Boreal Initiative (CBI) is an independent organization working with conservationists, First Nations, industry and others to link science, policy and conservation activities in Canada's boreal region.
		The scientists identify the 1.4 billion acre Canadian Boreal Forest as one of the largest intact forest and wetland ecosystems remaining on earth.
		The newly created Boreal Information Centre will be a one-stop source of mapped information illustrating the bounty of natural characteristics and human use of North America’s great boreal forest.
	www.borealcanada.ca /index_e.cfm (578 words)

	Boreal Forest Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		When you sign our membership form you are bringing your voice to government and industry on behalf of the boreal forests and all the diverse life forms that share the boreal with us.
		The reason for this international gathering was to create a coordinated response to the growing concerns with the social, economic and environmental degradation that is occurring in the boreal (taiga) forest.
		A platform outlining the goals and mandate of the TRN was adopted by 110 organizations from 20 countries.
	www.borealnet.org /main.html (402 words)

	Taiga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Canada, boreal forest is the term used to refer to the southern part of this biome, while "taiga" is used to describe the more barren northern areas south of the Arctic tree-line.
		Since North America and Eurasia were recently connected by the Bering land bridge, a number of animal and plant species (more animals than plants) were able to colonise both continents and are distributed throughout the taiga biome.
		Boreal forests/taiga ·Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Flooded grasslands and savannas · Montane grasslands and shrublands · Tundra ·Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub · Deserts and xeric shrublands · Mangrove
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boreal_forest (3300 words)

	eNature: Boreal Bird Detail
		Greenwings are an important breeder in Canada’s boreal forest and the boreal transition zone.
		Predominately a boreal and parkland breeder, the Green-winged Teal breeds in every Canadian province and territory, and a few of the more northern states in the U.S. What it lacks in size it makes up in resiliency; it is the third most abundant breeder in the Arctic, behind the American wigeon and the Northern pintail.
		Unfortunately, increasing exploration and development in the boreal forest and its fringe may have a negative effect this on species; thus, careful monitoring and planning for the Greenwing’s population and habitat is required.
	www.enature.com /boreal/detail.asp?borealID=BD0392 (1105 words)

	English, Boreal Plant Breeding Ltd
		Boreal Plant Breeding Ltd. is fundamentally committed to breeding varieties of field crops that are well adapted to the extremes and variable growing conditions of northern areas.
		The activities of plant breeders world-wide directly influence global well being, particularly from the point of view of maintaining a balanced ecosystem whilst responding to the demands of feeding a rapidly growing human population.
		In this regard, at Boreal Plant Breeding Ltd., we remain committed to improvements in our field crop breeding programmes that result in higher yields, better quality, improved resistance against various diseases and pests, and field stability in difficult northern growing conditions.
	www.boreal.fi /MIT.php?MITkieli=eng&sivu=english (324 words)

	Boreal Forest Feature @ National Geographic Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		I came to know the world’s largest boreal forest through years of work in Russia, journeying from the taiga’s heavily logged southern fringe on the Chinese border to beyond the Arctic Circle.
		But I prefer the understated charms of the boreal, with its limitless expanse of lakes and ponds and its gentle gradations of green: the pale hues of the reindeer lichen, the fl-green of the spruce, the lighter, almost chartreuse tints of aspen and birch.
		On just such an evening in early June I found myself in Alberta’s boreal forest with Richard Thomas, a bird expert and author of a government report on the fragmentation of the province’s north woods.
	magma.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0206/feature2 (770 words)

	Northern Alaska Environmental Center :: Alaska's Boreal Forest
		Interior Alaska is part of a boreal forest ecosystem that also stretches across Russia, Canada, Scandinavia, and parts of the Korean Peninsula, China, Mongolia and Japan.
		Alaska's boreal forest is an important part of the state's character and heritage.
		Conservation of boreal forests is important for wildlife, human uses, and the mitigating effects these forests play in global climate change.
	www.northern.org /artman/publish/forest.shtml (528 words)

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